scholarly journals POPULATION DYNAMICS OF NORMAL AND CANCER CELLS UNDER RADIOTHERAPY

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-54
Author(s):  
Musiliu Folarin Farayola ◽  
Sharidan Shafie ◽  
Fuaada Mohd Siam
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Treatment Model ◽  
Population Changes ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Treatment Stage

The use of the improved cancer treatment model predicted the population changes in the normal and cancer cells during radiotherapy. The simulated radiation doses are 15 Gy, 18 Gy, 20 Gy and 24 Gy administered 5 times for each dose. The population of the cancer cells reduced from 40 % of the carrying capacity to 10.72%, 23.25 %, 1.61 % and 3.72 % of the carrying capacity for the respective doses. The population of the normal cells reduced from 70% of the carrying capacity to 65.50%, 62.48%, 68.49% and 67.59% of the carrying capacity for the respective doses. During the no treatment stage (0 Gy), the model predicted an increase in the population of cancer cells and a decrease in the population of normal cells.

scholarly journals Emerging Glycolysis Targeting and Drug Discovery from Chinese Medicine in Cancer Therapy

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyu Wang ◽  
Neng Wang ◽  
Jianping Chen ◽  
Jiangang Shen
Keyword(s):  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Warburg Effect ◽  
Glycolytic Pathway ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
The Warburg Effect

Molecular-targeted therapy has been developed for cancer chemoprevention and treatment. Cancer cells have different metabolic properties from normal cells. Normal cells mostly rely upon the process of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to produce energy whereas cancer cells have developed an altered metabolism that allows them to sustain higher proliferation rates. Cancer cells could predominantly produce energy by glycolysis even in the presence of oxygen. This alternative metabolic characteristic is known as the “Warburg Effect.” Although the exact mechanisms underlying the Warburg effect are unclear, recent progress indicates that glycolytic pathway of cancer cells could be a critical target for drug discovery. With a long history in cancer treatment, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is recognized as a valuable source for seeking bioactive anticancer compounds. A great progress has been made to identify active compounds from herbal medicine targeting on glycolysis for cancer treatment. Herein, we provide an overall picture of the current understanding of the molecular targets in the cancer glycolytic pathway and reviewed active compounds from Chinese herbal medicine with the potentials to inhibit the metabolic targets for cancer treatment. Combination of TCM with conventional therapies will provide an attractive strategy for improving clinical outcome in cancer treatment.

Radiotherapy cancer treatment modeling with fractional or ordinary derivative

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Keyword(s):  
Fractional Derivative ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Tumor Volume ◽  
Treatment Model ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Initial Tumor ◽  
Ordinary Derivative ◽  
Radiotherapy Treatment

This short communication presents two versions of the cancer treatment model, the ordinary derivative version and the fractional derivative version. The two models were used to simulate a cancer treatment process of a cancer patient with an initial tumor volume of 28.4 cm3 . The simulated final volumes produced by the fractional derivative version were 28.17 cm3 and 5.68 cm3 the normal cells and tumor respectively, while those of the ordinary derivative version were 16.97 cm3 and 0.0 cm3 . In addition, the fractional derivative version was used to simulate a no-treatment process with an initial tumor volume of 5 cm3 , and the final volumes were 4.91 cm3 and 17.41 cm3 for the normal cells and tumor respectively. It was concluded that the radiotherapy treatment process was better simulated with the fractional derivative model.

scholarly journals Immunotoxin: A new tool for cancer therapy

Tumor Biology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 101042831769222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Allahyari ◽  
Sahar Heidari ◽  
Mehdi Ghamgosha ◽  
Parvaneh Saffarian ◽  
Jafar Amani
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Target Cell ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Food And Drug Administration ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Current Trends

Cancer is one of the main reasons of death in the most countries and in Iran. Immunotherapy quickly became one of the best methods of cancer treatment, along with chemotherapy and radiation. “Immunotoxin Therapy” is a promising way of cancer therapy that is mentioned in this field. Immunotoxins are made from a toxin attaching to an antibody target proteins present on cancer cells. The first-generation immunotoxins were made of a full-length toxin attached to whole monoclonal antibodies. But, these immunotoxins could bind to normal cells. DAB389IL2 was the first immunotoxin approved by the Food and Drug Administration. Current trends and researches are ongoing on finding proteins that in combination with immunotoxins have minimal immunogenicity and the most potency for target cell killing.

Redox biology in normal cells and cancer: Restoring function of the redox/Fyn/c-Cbl pathway in cancer cells offers new approaches to cancer treatment

2015 ◽  
Vol 79 ◽  
pp. 300-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Noble ◽  
Margot Mayer-Pröschel ◽  
Zaibo Li ◽  
Tiefei Dong ◽  
Wanchang Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Redox Biology ◽  
New Approaches

Curcumin loaded mesoporous silica: an effective drug delivery system for cancer treatment

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 448-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajesh Kotcherlakota ◽  
Ayan Kumar Barui ◽  
Sanjiv Prashar ◽  
Mariano Fajardo ◽  
David Briones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Mesoporous Silica ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Silica Material ◽  
Anti Cancer

Mesoporous silica material based drug delivery systems (DDSs) containing curcumin show biocompatibility in normal cells and an effective anti-cancer effect in cancer cells.

scholarly journals Alpha-mangostin inhibits the migration and invasion of A549 lung cancer cells

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thi Kieu Trang Phan ◽  
Fahimeh Shahbazzadeh ◽  
Thi Thu Huong Pham ◽  
Takanori Kihara
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Lung Cancer Cells ◽  
Migration And Invasion ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
And Migration

Several studies have indicated that α-mangostin exerts anti-metastasis and anti-subsistence effects on several types of cancer cells. Especially, the anti-metastatic effect of α-mangostin on cancer cells is a prospective function in cancer treatment. However, the metastasis process is complicated, and includes migration, invasion, intravasation, and extravasation; thus, the main target of anti-metastatic effect of α-mangostin is not known. In this study, we investigated the effects of α-mangostin on the invasion, subsistence, and migration of lung cancer cells under co-culture conditions with normal cells and regular mono-culture conditions. We found that α-mangostin killed the lung cancer and normal cells in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the alteration in the surface mechanical properties of cells was examined by using atomic force microscopy. Although the α-mangostin concentrations of 5 and 10 µM did not affect the short-term cell viability, they considerably decreased the Young’s modulus of lung cancer cells implying a decline in cell surface actin cytoskeletal properties. Additionally, these concentrations of α-mangostin inhibited the migration of lung cancer cells. In co-culture conditions (cancer cells with normal cells), the invasive activities of cancer cells on normal cells were discernibly observed, and was inhibited after treatment with 5 and 10 µM of α-mangostin. Taken together, α-mangostin suppressed the subsistence of lung cancer cells and displayed anti-metastatic activities by inhibiting the migration and invasion, and reducing the actin cytoskeleton of cancer cells. Our findings suggest that α-mangostin could be a potential therapeutic agent for cancer treatment.

scholarly journals 5-Fluorouracil Encapsulated Chitosan-Cellulose Fiber Bionanocomposites: Synthesis, Characterization and In Vitro Analysis towards Colorectal Cancer Cells

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1691
Author(s):  
Mostafa Yusefi ◽  
Hui-Yin Chan ◽  
Sin-Yeang Teow ◽  
Pooneh Kia ◽  
Michiele Lee-Kiun Soon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Sodium Tripolyphosphate ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Cellulose Fiber ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Normal Cells

Cellulose and chitosan with remarkable biocompatibility and sophisticated physiochemical characteristics can be a new dawn to the advanced drug nano-carriers in cancer treatment. This study aims to synthesize layer-by-layer bionanocomposites from chitosan and rice straw cellulose encapsulated 5-Fluorouracil (CS-CF/5FU BNCs) using the ionic gelation method and the sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) cross-linker. Data from X-ray and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy showed successful preparation of CS-CF/5FU BNCs. Based on images of scanning electron microscopy, 48.73 ± 1.52 nm was estimated for an average size of the bionanocomposites as spherical chitosan nanoparticles mostly coated rod-shaped cellulose reinforcement. 5-Fluorouracil indicated an increase in thermal stability after its encapsulation in the bionanocomposites. The drug encapsulation efficiency was found to be 86 ± 2.75%. CS-CF/5FU BNCs triggered higher drug release in a media simulating the colorectal fluid with pH 7.4 (76.82 ± 1.29%) than the gastric fluid with pH 1.2 (42.37 ± 0.43%). In in vitro cytotoxicity assays, cellulose fibers, chitosan nanoparticles and the bionanocomposites indicated biocompatibility towards CCD112 normal cells. Most promisingly, CS-CF/5FU BNCs at 250 µg/mL concentration eliminated 56.42 ± 0.41% of HCT116 cancer cells and only 8.16 ± 2.11% of CCD112 normal cells. Therefore, this study demonstrates that CS-CF/5FU BNCs can be considered as an eco-friendly and innovative nanodrug candidate for potential colorectal cancer treatment.

Resveratrol as an Adjuvant for Normal Tissues Protection and Tumor Sensitization

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keywan Mortezaee ◽  
Masoud Najafi ◽  
Bagher Farhood ◽  
Amirhossein Ahmadi ◽  
Dheyauldeen Shabeeb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Targeted Therapy ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Normal Tissue ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Radiation Toxicity ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Normal Tissue Toxicity

Cancer is one of the most complicated diseases in present-day medical science. Yearly, several studies suggest various strategies for preventing carcinogenesis. Furthermore, experiments for the treatment of cancer with low side effects are ongoing. Chemotherapy, targeted therapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy are the most common non-invasive strategies for cancer treatment. One of the most challenging issues encountered with these modalities is low effectiveness, as well as normal tissue toxicity for chemo-radiation therapy. The use of some agents as adjuvants has been suggested to improve tumor responses and also alleviate normal tissue toxicity. Resveratrol, a natural flavonoid, has attracted a lot of attention for the management of both tumor and normal tissue responses to various modalities of cancer therapy. As an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent, in vitro and in vivo studies show that it is able to mitigate chemo-radiation toxicity in normal tissues. However, clinical studies to confirm the usage of resveratrol as a chemo-radioprotector are lacking. In addition, it can sensitize various types of cancer cells to both chemotherapy drugs and radiation. In recent years, some clinical studies suggested that resveratrol may have an effect on inducing cancer cell killing. Yet, clinical translation of resveratrol has not yielded desirable results for the combination of resveratrol with radiotherapy, targeted therapy or immunotherapy. In this paper, we review the potential role of resveratrol for preserving normal tissues and sensitization of cancer cells in combination with different cancer treatment modalities.

Molecular Studies on Novel Antitumor Bis 1,4-Dihydropyridine Derivatives Against Lung Carcinoma and their Limited Side Effects on Normal Melanocytes

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 2156-2168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magda F. Mohamed ◽  
Nada S. Ibrahim ◽  
Ahmed H.M. Elwahy ◽  
Ismail A. Abdelhamid
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Lung Carcinoma ◽  
Carcinoma Cell ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Lung Carcinoma Cell Line ◽  
Molecular Studies ◽  
Dihydropyridine Derivatives

Background: Cancer is a complex genetic disease which is characterized by an abnormal cell growth, invasion and spreading to other parts of the body. There are several factors that lead to cancer by causing DNA damage and the impairment of its repair. Treatment of cancer using the chemotherapeutic drugs have adverse side effects such as toxicity as they lose their specificity toward cancer cells and affect also normal cells. Moreover, the cancer cells can resist the chemotherapeutic agents and make them ineffective. For these reasons, much attentions have been paid to develop new drugs with limited side effects on normal cells and to diminish cancer resistance to drug chemotherapy. Recently, some 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives were reported to act as Multi-Drug Resistance (MDR) modulators that inhibit p-glycoprotein which is responsible for the inability of drugs to enter the cancer cells. Also 1,4-DHPs have antimutagenic properties against chemicals via modulating DNA repair when studied on drosophila. Objective: The objective of this study is the synthesis of bis 1,4-DHPs incorporating ester as well as ether linkages and evaluate the anticancer activity of new compounds for synergistic purpose. Different genetic tools were used in an attempt to know the mechanism of action of this compound against lung cancer. Method: An efficient one pot synthesis of bis 1,4-DHPs using 3-aminocrotononitrile and bis(aldehydes) has been developed. The cytotoxic effect against human cell lines MCF7, and A549 cell lines was evaluated. Results: All compounds exhibited better cytotoxicity toward lung carcinoma cells than breast cancer cells. With respect to lung carcinoma cell line (A549), compound 10 was the most active compound and the three other compounds 7, 8, and 9 showed comparable IC50 values. In case of breast cancer cell line (MCF7), the most active one was compound 7, while compound 8 recorded the least activity. Conclusion: we have developed an efficient method for the synthesis of novel bis 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives incorporating ester or ether linkage. All compounds showed better cytotoxicity results against A549 than MCF7, so that lung carcinoma cell line was chosen to perform the molecular studies on it. The results showed that all compounds (7, 8, 9 and 10) caused cell cycle arrest at G1 phase. The molecular docking study on CDK2 confirmed the results of cell cycle assay which showed good binding energy between the compounds and the active site of enzyme indicating the inhibition of the enzyme.

Co-delivery of Doxorubicin and D-α-Tocopherol Polyethylene Glycol 1000 Succinate by Magnetic Nanoparticles

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 1138-1147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esra Metin ◽  
Pelin Mutlu ◽  
Ufuk Gündüz
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol 1000 ◽  
Mcf 7

Background: Although conventional chemotherapy is the most common method for cancer treatment, it has several side effects such as neuropathy, alopecia and cardiotoxicity. Since the drugs are given to body systemically, normal cells are also affected, just like cancer cells. However, in recent years, targeted drug delivery has been developed to overcome these drawbacks. Objective: The aim of this study was targeted co-delivery of doxorubicin (Dox) which is an anticancer agent and D-α-Tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (vitamin E TPGS or simply TPGS) to breast cancer cells. For this purpose, Magnetic Nanoparticles (MNPs) were synthesized and coated with Oleic Acid (OA). Coated nanoparticles were encapsulated in Poly Lactic-co-Glycolic Acid (PLGA) and TPGS polymers and loaded with Dox. The Nanoparticles (NPs) were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, zetapotential analysis, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) analysis, Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis. Results: The results showed that NPs were spherical, superparamagnetic and in the desired range for use in drug targeting. The targetability of NPs was confirmed. Moreover, TPGS and Dox loading was shown by TGA and FTIR analyses. NPs were internalized by cells and the cytotoxic effect of drug loaded NPs on sensitive (MCF-7) and drug-resistant (MCF-7/Dox) cells were examined. It was seen that the presence of TPGS increased cytotoxicity significantly. TPGS also enhanced drug loading efficiency, release rate, cellular internalization. In MCF- 7/Dox cells, the drug resistance seems to be decreased when Dox is loaded onto TPGS containing NPs. Conclusion: This magnetic PLGA nanoparticle system is important for new generation targeted chemotherapy and could be used for breast cancer treatment after in vivo tests.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document