scholarly journals One More Time about the Heart: Naive Anatomy in the Kazakh Language in Comparison with Russian and English

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 459-475
Author(s):  
Zifa Temirgazina ◽  
Assiya Albekova ◽  
Zauresh Kurmanova

The naive anatomy of the Kazakhs, the nomadic Turkic people, has evolved over millennia and is based on knowledge about the anatomy of animals. Various mental properties, emotions are attributed to the internal organs of a person, which is reflected in the metaphorical and metonymic use of their names and idioms. The article examines the somatism jurek (‘heart’) in the Kazakh naive anatomy which denotes the second most important internal organ, giving way to the primacy of the liver, the most important organ from the point of view of nomads. The carriers of Russian-speaking and English-speaking cultures consider the heart as the most important internal organ. The complex of meaningful features is determined, showing the universality of the conceptualization of jurek/ serdtse/ heart, while a number of descriptors demonstrate the peculiarity of the naive-anatomical views of the Kazakhs.

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
NICOLETTE MOUT

Any definition of Central Europe based on geographical and/or historical facts causes difficulties. The line dividing Europe during the Cold War has a very limited use because it does not take into account Central Europe as a special part of the continent. Historians such as Geoffrey Barraclough, Hugh Seton-Watson and Oskar Halecki discussed the idea of a separate identity of Central Europe during the Cold War. Especially after the fall of the Berlin Wall, this discussion was re-opened. From a historian's point of view, the most important contributions came from Piotr Wandycz and Jenő Szűcs. An imaginary centre of Europe can only be found in the continent's common history.There is a belief, rather widespread in English-speaking countries, that the eastern half of Europe is inhabited by a number of endlessly quarrelling small nations whose conflicts keep endangering the quiet and comfort of Anglophones. (Hugh Seton-Watson)


2020 ◽  
pp. 82-96
Author(s):  
L. A. Kochetova ◽  
Ya.Sh. S. Al-Bayati

The relevance of the study is due to the interest of linguistics in the problems of the functioning of the English language in various genres of business communication from the point of view of cultural linguistics. The results of a comparative study of the verbal formulation of the valuemarked communicative situation of gratitude in the corpus of English-speaking Arabic (Learner Business Letter Corpus (LBCL)) and English-American business correspondence (Business Letter Corpus (BLC)) are presented in the article. It was found that the linguistic means of expressing gratitude in the BLC corpus demonstrate great lexical and grammatical variability, preference is given to implicit performatives. It is noted that a limited set of lexical and grammatical constructions is used in the corpus of the Arabic English-language business communication, and explicite performatives dominate. It is shown that in both corpuses, gratitude is used to formalize a request or demand; in Arabic English communication, flattery acts as a variation of the speech act rethinking of gratitude. It was revealed that when expressing a proactive gratitude implying a request in the Arabic linguistic culture, strategies of positive politeness are used, demonstrating the unity of interests of the communication participants, in contrast to theAnglo-American linguistic culture, which relies on the strategy of negative politeness, softening impositivity.


Author(s):  
M. Yu. Tovkes

The study focuses on issues related to gender stereotypes of the blog community based on bloggers’ individual reactions and their impact on the perception of female politicians. The sample comprises tweets of the Russian- and English-speaking segments of this microblog, selected by keywords (based on the researcher’s view on the component structure of the thematic group «women in politics» and the representativeness of the sample) and collected with the help of the Python programming language. The classification of female politicians’ characteristics significant for users is made on the basis of feminine-masculine and psychophysiological criteria (according to E. G. Bakhteeva’s classification). The distribution of characteristics attributed to a female politician allows the researcher to determine which characteristics help women to fulfil their potential in politics or, on the contrary, hinder a successful political career. The results are interpreted in two aspects. On the one hand, from the point of view of the quantitative representation (percentage of characteristic groups), the field structure of the gender stereotype is compiled. On the other hand, in terms of qualitative indicator (content of characteristic’s groups, connotative components), the correlation of characteristics is identified and their visualization is performed with the help of Gephi software. As a result, the study builds models of a female-politician’s stereotypical image in the Russian- and English-speaking segments of Twitter and carries out their their comparative analysis. According to the first type of model, personal characteristics that may be inherent in both men and women are important for Russian- and English-speaking Twitter users, while typical masculine characteristics are the least relevant. For Russian-speaking users, high moral qualities are particularly relevant, while English-speaking bloggers appreciate high professional qualities. The graphs demonstrate that the language consciousness of the blog community tends to masculinize the stereotypical image of a female politician. Thus, a contradiction arises: bloggers explicitly acclaim the equal right for both men and women to fulfill their potential in politics, they recognize and accept the fact that women can be successful in the highest political positions and establishments and approve of the activity of particular women politicians. At the same time, traditional gender stereotypes, claiming that politics is a male sphere, implicitly retain their influence.


2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delia Chiaro ◽  
Giuseppe De Bonis

This paper examines the work of Billy Wilder whose rich cinematic production frequently involves the collision of different languages as well as the clash of dissimilar cultures. As an Austrian living in the USA, the director had the privilege of gaining insight into his adopted culture from the point of view of an outsider – a bilingual ‘other’ who made 25 films in almost 40 years of working in Hollywood. His films recurrently depict foreign characters at which Wilder pokes fun whether they are English, French, German, Italian, Russian or even the Americans of his adopted country. More precisely, the paper offers an overview of the multi-modal portrayals of diverse ‘foreigners’, namely Germans, Russians, French and Italians, with examples taken from a small but significant sample of Wilder’s films. The subtitling of dialogue in the secondary language for the target English-speaking audience and the specific translation solutions are not within the scope of this discussion, instead we focus on the comic collision of two languages and more importantly, on the way Wilder implements humour to highlight the absurdity of cultural difference. In other words, our main goal is to explore two or more languages in contrast when they become a humorous trope.


Author(s):  
Наталья Юрьевна Шугаева ◽  
Наталия Владимировна Кормилина

В данной статье раскрываются особенности передачи культурно-исторической информации при переводе на английский язык романа А. Н. Толстого «Петр Первый». Проблема перевода культурно-специфической информации рассматривается в статье как разновидность межкультурной коммуникации, поскольку перевод художественного произведения русской классики на английский язык предназначен для носителей английского языка и адекватный перевод романа будет способствовать лучшему пониманию носителями английского языка истории и культуры России. В статье в сравнительном плане рассмотрены два варианта перевода романа. В ходе исследования выделяются основные стратегии и способы перевода лексических единиц, не имеющих эквивалента в английском языке. В статье приводятся примеры из анализируемых переводов, анализируется уровень их эквивалентности и в то же время уровень доступности для понимания этой лексики англоязычным читателем романа. Наиболее часто переводчики используют транслитерацию, калькирование, описательный перевод, аналог, гибридное сочетание транслитерации и аналога. При этом даже при использовании одинакового способа переводчики зачастую применяют различные стратегии представления культурно-специфической информации в романе. На основании этого в завершение статьи делается вывод о большей предпочтительности одного из двух переводов и значимости данного исследования для успешной межкультурной коммуникации, предметом которой является история и культура России. The article deals with the peculiarities of the transfer of culture-specific information when translating the novel “Peter the First” by A. N. Tolstoy into English. The problem of the interpretation of culture-specific information into English is considered in the article as a variety of intercultural communication since the translation of Russian fiction into English is intended for English speakers and adequate translation of the novel will contribute to better understanding of Russian history and culture. Main strategies of translation of the lexical units having no equivalent in English are considered. Examples from two translations of the novel are discussed in the article from the point of view of their equivalence and level of comprehension by English speaking readers of the novel. Transliteration, calques, descriptive translation, hybrids of transliteration and analog are used by translators more often. But even when similar ways of translation are chosen by different translators the strategies of representation of the culture-specific information of the novel varies. On this basis a conclusion is made about the greater preference of one of the two translations and about the importance of this research for inter-cultural communication which object is Russian history and culture


Author(s):  
И.О. Бугаева ◽  
Н.А. Клоктунова ◽  
М.И. Барсукова ◽  
А.Я. Рамазанова ◽  
А.С. Сергеев

Данная работа посвящена анализу методов обучения, способствующих созданию оптимальных условий для подготовки иностранных студентов к будущей профессиональной деятельности, повышению эффективности их коммуникативного поведения, а также успешной интеграции в процесс обучения в медицинском вузе. Анализируется место и роль дисциплины «Профессиональная коммуникация» в самоопределении студентов, развитии их профессиональной компетентности, клинического мышления, а также готовности взаимодействовать в различных системах общения («пациент – врач»; «врач – врач», «врач – пациент – родственники пациента»). Анализируются конкретные педагогические приемы, используемые в рамках практических занятий, и их результативность. В статье приводятся данные проведенного анкетирования, отражающие оценку эффективности применяемых методов обучения с точки зрения студентов. В результате выявлена эффективность разработанных и примененных методов обучения, доказана необходимость формирования корпуса ситуационных задач и обучающих материалов, предлагаемых авторами статьи. Таким образом, представленный опыт осмысления методических приемов требует обсуждения широкой аудиторией научно-педагогического сообщества и его внедрения в практику обучения англоговорящих студентов навыкам профессиональной коммуникации. This work is dedicated to the analysis of factors contributing to the creation of optimal conditions for preparing foreign students for future professional activities, increasing the effectiveness of their communicative behavior, as well as successful integration into the learning process at a medical university. Place and role of the subject “Professional Communication” within the self-determination of students, the development of their professional competence, clinical thinking and willingness to interact in various communication systems (“patient - physician”; “physician - physician”, “physician - patient - relatives of the patient”) are considered. Specific teaching methods used in the framework of lessons and their effectiveness are analyzed. The article presents the data of the survey reflecting the assessment of the effectiveness of the applied teaching methods from the students' point of view. As a result, the effectiveness of the developed and applied teaching methods is revealed, the necessity of forming a corpus of situational tasks and training materials proposed by the authors of the article is proved. Thus, the presented experience of understanding methodological techniques requires discussion by a wide audience of the scientific and pedagogical community and implementation in teaching practice English-speaking students' professional communication skills.


Author(s):  
O. V. Vorobyeva ◽  
◽  
F. V. Nikolai ◽  
◽  

The article presents a brief overview of contemporary debates on the politics of memory in Russian and English-speaking cultural studies. In Russian studies, the focus is on the loss of national identity and the crisis of professional standards in historiography. The main bearers of memory are state institutions and the academic community of historians. From this point of view, the global neoliberal elites are contractors and bearers of threats to national identity, which can only be resisted by preserving established traditions and building binary oppositions of “our'” and “alien”. In English-speaking studies, the emphasis is predominantly on cross-cultural dialogue and interdisciplinary cooperation, which involves revision of the boundaries between history, anthropology, psychology and social research. The key memory carriers are individuals and (informal) cultural communities, which are always engaged and cannot follow the positivist criteria of scientific objectivity of the 19th century model. Contractors and bearers of threats here are the conservative nationalist institutions and states that restrict private practices of commemoration. Both these models prove to be limited and contain internal contradictions. This is especially true for the transcultural dialogue and maintenance of academic standards, which are impossible in the conditions of constructing “our” – “alien” opposition. In this respect, an important function of research on memory and culture as a whole can be a rethinking of the very binary nature of these oppositions and the rejection of alarmism, largely caused by the specifics of the modern (present day) temporal regime, which tries to completely control and subjugate both the past and the future.


Author(s):  
Anna Baskakova

A working mechanism during the comparative analysis of phraseological units and paroemias (proverbs and aphorisms) at the classes of Russian as foreign language with English speaking learners is presented in the article. While working in the audience, the attention is being paid to the comparative analysis of phraseological units and paroemias in Russian and foreign students’ native language from a semantical point of view. Such concepts and ideas as family, homeland, work / service / profession, studying, friendship, human flaws and virtues, represented in the proverbs and paroemias, are being analyzed. The similarities and differences in semantic field of phraseological units and paroemias of different cultures’ speakers are found. A parallel attitude to the main categories as family, home and friendship among Russian and English speakers is shown up. During a comparative analysis, it is being observed that in definite cases similar meanings can be expressed by different lexis typical for the concrete nation. Studying of this topic promotes the dialogue of cultures.


2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martyn Lyons

In the 1990s and 2000s, national histories of the book achieved a double milestone: firstly, they marked the coming to maturity of the subdiscipline of the history of the book itself, especially in English-speaking countries; at the same time they established landmarks in the cultural history of their own countries. My presentation will discuss the fate and the impact of national book histories from the point of view of the History of the Book in Australia, which I coedited and to which I contributed several chapters. Two historiographical events have challenged the agenda of national book histories. The ‘transnational turn’ has thrown into question the fundamental framework which governed their conception and production. To a lesser extent, the growth of the digital humanities also makes a radical departure from the ‘traditional’ research methods of the 1990s. My presentation will assess the legacy of the History of the Book in Australia so far, and ask whether national book history has any role to play in the age of transnational approaches. I will suggest in answer to my own question that there remains a place at the table for all three levels—transnational, national and also micro-histories of the book.


Author(s):  
Minatul Azmi ◽  
Fitri Pangestu Noer Anggrainy

It has been known that most the college students face problems in communicating in English, especially in non-English-speaking country. The main cause is the teacher failed in choosing the appropriate approach for students. Further, it is necessary to choose a proper approach for college students for teaching speaking skills. From a philosophical point of view, there are two sorts of teaching approaches. These are the andragogy and pedagogy approaches. Andragogy is used for adult learners, and pedagogy is used for young learners. Seen from their age, students at colleges are positively categorized into adult students. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the implementation of andragogical approach for teaching speaking skills in the intensive English program of Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University of Malang. This is qualitative descriptive research that the data collection method is an interview. The result revealed that most the teachers in intensive English program in Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University of Malang have been applied andragogical approach for teaching speaking skill. Hence, the researcher concludes that andragogical approach is the appropriate approach for the adult learner, especially in teaching speaking skills.


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