scholarly journals Assessment of Sex Hormones and Gonadotropins levels in Alzheimer Patients

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 139-45
Author(s):  
Fariba Karimi ◽  
Afshin Borhani Haghighi ◽  
Payman Petramfar ◽  
Arnoosh Afreidoon
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Free Androgen Index

Backgrounds: Increasing age is the most significant risk factor for Alzheimerʾs disease and depletion of sex hormones is an important consequence of normal aging. This study aimed to investigate the serum level of sex hormones and gonadotropins in patients with Alzheimerʾs disease in comparison with the control group. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was conducted between October 2010 and November 2011 in Shiraz Mottahari Clinic. Fifty-one patients with Alzheimer’s disease and 49 age-matched volunteers without dementia participated in this survey. Both groups were evaluated by two neurologists according to DSM- IV criteria. Blood samples were taken after 12 hours fasting to measure serum levels of estradiol, testosterone, gonadotropins and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). Results: Eighteen females and 33 males in the patient group, and 23 females and 26 males in the control group participated. There were no significant differences between the two groups regarding their gonadotropins, estradiol, free androgen index and body mass index, but the mean level of SHBG in patients was significantly higher than the control group (P=0.03). In addition, male patients had a higher total testosterone mean compared to male subjects in the control group (P=0.02). Conclusion: Our findings regarding testosterone levels in males of two groups were contrary to some of the previous surveys in this area. Moreover, we found higher levels of SHBG in patients compared to the control subjects. Further investigation is needed to define whether and how changes of sex hormones can affect brain health and vulnerability to Alzheimer’s disease.[GMJ.2015;4(4):139-45]

scholarly journals Testosterone profile in older men with Alzheimer's disease

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-293
Author(s):  
Cristiana Roscito Arenella Dusi ◽  
Lílian Schafirovits Morillo ◽  
Regina Miksian Magaldi ◽  
Adriana Nunes Machado ◽  
Sami Liberman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Evidence suggests low testosterone levels in Alzheimer's disease. Objectives: To compare testosterone levels between older men with and without Alzheimer's disease. Methods: Fourteen men with Alzheimer's disease were compared with twenty eight men without dementia. Demographic variables and clinical profiles were analyzed. Within fifteen days before or after the described evaluation, measures of total testosterone and Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG) were performed. Free testosterone level was calculated based on total testosterone and SHBG. Quantitative variables were analyzed using Student's t test or Kruskal-Wallis test, while qualitative variables were analyzed using chi-square or Fisher test. Results: Mean age in the Control and Alzheimer's disease groups were 72.0 (SD±4.8) years and 79.3(SD±5.9) years, respectively (p=0.001). Mean schooling between these two groups were 8.78 and (±5.86) years, respectively (p=0.022). There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups for testosterone levels, although a trend was observed for the Alzheimer's disease group to present lower levels than the control group (p=0.066). There was no direct correlation between free testosterone and age, although a trend was evident (p=0.068). Conclusions: There was no significant difference in testosterone between men with AD and those without dementia.

scholarly journals Hypoactive sexual desire in transsexual women: prevalence and association with testosterone levels

2008 ◽  
Vol 158 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Els Elaut ◽  
Griet De Cuypere ◽  
Petra De Sutter ◽  
Luk Gijs ◽  
Michael Van Trotsenburg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Desire ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Oestrogen Treatment ◽  
Testosterone Levels

ObjectiveAn unknown proportion of transsexual women (defined as post-operative male-to-female transsexuals on oestrogen replacement) experience hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD). It has been suggested that the absence of ovarian androgen production together with oestrogen treatment-related increase in sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels could be leading to HSDD, due to low levels of biologically available testosterone. This study wishes to document the HSDD prevalence among transsexual women and the possible association to androgen levels.DesignCross-sectional study.MethodsTranssexual women (n=62) and a control group of ovulating women (n=30) participated in this study. Questionnaires measuring sexual desire (sexual desire inventory) and relationship and sexual satisfaction (Maudsley Marital Questionnaire) were completed. Serum levels of total testosterone, LH and SHBG were measured in blood samples obtained at random in transsexual women and in the early follicular phase in ovulating women.ResultsThe transsexual group had lower levels of total and calculated free testosterone (both P<0.001) than the ovulating women. HSDD was reported in 34% of the transsexual and 23% of the ovulating women (P=0.30). Both groups reported similar levels of sexual desire (P=0.97). For transsexual women, no significant correlation was found between sexual desire and total (P=0.64) or free testosterone (P=0.82). In ovulating women, these correlations were significant (P=0.006, resp. P=0.003).ConclusionsHSDD is reported in one-third of transsexual women. This prevalence is not substantially different from controls, despite markedly lower (free) testosterone levels, which argues against a major role of testosterone in this specific group.

Comparison of Serum Free and Bioavailable 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels in Alzheimer’s Disease and Healthy Control Patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esra Ertilav ◽  
Nur Ebru Barcin ◽  
Sebahat Ozdem
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Free ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D

Abstract Objective Many studies have investigated lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) compared with those in control patients. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate serum free and bioavailable 25(OH)D levels in patients with AD and in healthy control patients. Methods The AD group consisted of 85 patients aged &gt;60 years who were diagnosed with possible AD according to National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer’s Association criteria and 85 healthy control patients. Serum levels of total 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, total 25(OH)D, vitamin D binding protein (VDBP), parathormone, calcium, phosphorus and albumin, free 25(OH)D, bioavailable 25(OH)D, and the bioavailable 25(OH)D/total 25(OH)D ratio were compared in both groups. Results Total 25(OH)D, free 25(OH)D, bioavailable 25(OH)D, and the bioavailable 25(OH)D/total 25(OH)D ratio were significantly lower (P &lt;.001, P &lt;.001, P &lt;.001, P &lt;.05, respectively) in the AD group, whereas the VDBP level was significantly higher (P &lt;.05) in the AD than in the control group. Conclusion Free and bioavailable 25(OH)D detected at lower levels in patients with AD limit the target central effects of 25(OH)D; this result suggests that reduced levels of the active free form of vitamin D may be a risk factor for AD and dementia.

scholarly journals New Evidence for an Active Role of Aluminum in Alzheimer's Disease

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (S4) ◽  
pp. 490-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.R. Crapper McLachlan ◽  
W.J. Lukiw ◽  
T.P.A. Kruck
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Down Regulation ◽  
New Evidence

ABSTRACT:Application of molecular biological techniques and sensitive elemental analysis have produced new evidence implicating aluminum as an important factor in down regulation of neuronal protein metabolism. Aluminum in Alzheimer's disease may act by electrostatically crosslinking proteins, particularly the methionine containing histone Hl°, and DNA. The consequence of such crosslinking is reduced transcription of at least one neuron specific gene, the low molecular weight component of neurofilaments. In the superior temporal gyrus in Alzheimer's disease, down regulation of this gene occurs in approximately 86% of surviving neurons and, therefore, aluminum must be considered as having an active role in the pathogenesis. Epidemiological studies are reviewed that independently support the hypothesis that environmental aluminum is a significant risk factor. Preliminary evidence also suggests that a disorder in phosphorylation may be an important initiating factor.

scholarly journals Alzheimer's disease patients getting lost in the community: Is road network structure a significant risk factor?

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (S6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaisakh Puthusseryppady ◽  
Ed Manley ◽  
Min Hane Aung ◽  
Martyn Patel ◽  
Michael Hornberger
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Getting Lost

Investigating Changes in the Serum Inflammatory Factors in Alzheimer’s Disease and Their Correlation with Cognitive Function

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Jing Hao ◽  
Yuchen Qiao ◽  
Tingting Li ◽  
Jianwei Yang ◽  
Yang Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Assessment Scores ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation

Background: Serum levels of inflammatory factors, such as C3, C4, C-reactive protein (CRP), immunoglobulin (Ig) G, IgA, and IgM, in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and their correlation with cognitive function remain unexplored. Objective: To investigate the expression of serum inflammatory factors in patients with AD and its correlation with cognitive function. Methods: Serum levels of C3, C4, CRP, IgG, IgA, and IgM in 200 patients with AD (mild, moderate, and severe) and those in 174 normal controls were assessed. Spearman’s rank correlation analysis was used to explore the relationships among biomarker levels, cognitive function, and activities of daily living (ADL). Results: Among these inflammatory factors, C3 and CRP levels were significantly lower, and IgG and IgA levels were significantly higher in the AD group than in the control group (p <  0.05). There were no significant differences in C4 and IgM levels between the two groups (p >  0.05). In all participants, CRP level was positively correlated with the Mini-Mental State Examination and Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores (p <  0.05). In the AD group, IgA level was negatively associated with ADL scores (p <  0.05). No significant correlation was detected between the other factors and different cognitive scores (p >  0.05). Conclusion: Inflammatory factors C3, CRP, IgG, and IgA have the potential to serve as biomarkers for AD. Furthermore, serum IgA was not only correlated with AD but also with ADL. These results support the hypothesis that inflammation is involved in the occurrence and development of AD.

Analysis of conversion of Alzheimer’s disease using a multi-state Markov model

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (9) ◽  
pp. 2801-2819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liangliang Zhang ◽  
Chae Young Lim ◽  
Tapabrata Maiti ◽  
Yingjie Li ◽  
Jongeun Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Markov Model ◽  
Transition Probabilities ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
World Population ◽  
Ratio Test ◽  
Definitive Answer ◽  
Apolipoprotein E4

With rapid aging of world population, Alzheimer’s disease is becoming a leading cause of death after cardiovascular disease and cancer. Nearly 10% of people who are over 65 years old are affected by Alzheimer’s disease. The causes have been studied intensively, but no definitive answer has been found. Genetic predisposition, abnormal protein deposits in brain, and environmental factors are suspected to play a role in the development of this disease. In this paper, we model progression of Alzheimer’s disease using a multi-state Markov model to investigate the significance of known risk factors such as age, apolipoprotein E4, and some brain structural volumetric variables from magnetic resonance imaging scans (e.g., hippocampus, etc.) while predicting transitions between different clinical diagnosis states. With the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative data, we found that the model with age is not significant (p = 0.1733) according to the likelihood ratio test, but the apolipoprotein E4 is a significant risk factor, and the examination of apolipoprotein E4-by-sex interaction suggests that the apolipoprotein E4 link to Alzheimer’s disease is stronger in women. Given the estimated transition probabilities, the prediction accuracy is as high as 0.7849.

Alzheimer’s Disease: Erythrocyte 2,3-diphosphoglycerate Content and Circulating Erythropoietin

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 834-835
Author(s):  
Petter Järemo ◽  
Alenka Jejcic ◽  
Vesna Jelic ◽  
Tasmin Shahnaz ◽  
Homira Behbahani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Oxygen Release ◽  
Regulatory Pathways ◽  
Β Amyloid ◽  
2,3 Dpg

Background: Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) features the accumulation of β-amyloid in erythrocytes. The subsequent red cell damage may well affect their oxygen-carrying capabilities. 2,3- diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) binds to the hemoglobin thereby promoting oxygen release. It is theorized that 2,3-DPG is reduced in AD and that the resulting hypoxia triggers erythropoietin (EPO) release. Methods & Objective: To explore this theory, we analyzed red cell 2,3-DPG content and EPO in AD, mild cognitive impairment, and the control group, subjective cognitive impairment. Results: We studied (i) 2,3-DPG in red cells, and (ii) circulating EPO in AD, and both markers were unaffected by dementia. Disturbances of these oxygen-regulatory pathways do not appear to participate in brain hypoxia in AD.

The Associations of Plasma/Serum Carotenoids with Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Mingyue Qu ◽  
Hanxu Shi ◽  
Kai Wang ◽  
Xinggang Wang ◽  
Nan Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Scoring Systems ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Mean Differences

Background: Multiple lines of evidence indicate protective effects of carotenoids in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, previous epidemiological studies reported inconsistent results regarding the associations between carotenoids levels and the risk of AD. Objective: Our study aims to evaluate the associations of six major members of carotenoids with the occurrence of AD by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Web of Science, Ebsco, and PsycINFO databases was conducted, and the quality of each included studies was evaluated by a validated scoring systems. Standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95%confidence intervals (CI) were determined by using a random effects model. Heterogeneity was evaluated by I2 statistics. Publication bias was detected using funnel plots and Egger’s test. Results: Sixteen studies, with 10,633 participants were included. Pooled analysis showed significantly lower plasma/serum levels of lutein (SMD = –0.86, 95%CI: –1.67 to –0.05, p = 0.04) and zeaxanthin (SMD = –0.59; 95%CI: –1.12 to –0.06, p = 0.03) in patients with AD versus cognitively intact controls, while α-carotene (SMD = 0.21, 95%CI: –0.68 to 0.26, p = 0.39), β-carotene (SMD = 0.04, 95%CI: –0.57 to 0.65, p = 0.9), lycopene (SMD = –0.12, 95%CI: –0.96 to 0.72, p = 0.78), and β-cryptoxanthin (SMD = –0.09, 95%CI: –0.83 to 0.65, p = 0.81) did not achieve significant differences. Conclusion: Of six major members of carotenoids, only lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations in plasma/serum were inversely related to the risk of AD. More high-quality longitudinal studies are needed to verify these findings.

Oxidative Stress Markers and Metal Ions are Correlated With Cognitive Function in Alzheimer’s Disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 353-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengping Pu ◽  
Wenjie Xu ◽  
Yong Lin ◽  
Jincai He ◽  
Manli Huang
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Zinc Level ◽  
Copper Level ◽  
Iron Level ◽  
Oxidative Stress Markers ◽  
Stress Markers

We investigated oxidative stress markers and metal ions in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The serum levels of ceruloplasmin (CER), C-reactive protein (CRP), uric acid (UA), homocysteine (Hcy), copper, iron, and zinc were determined in 125 patients with AD (mild, n = 2 8; moderate, n = 42; and severe, n = 55) and 40 healthy control (HC) participants. Compared to HC, CER and UA levels were significantly lower in moderate and severe AD groups, whereas CRP and Hcy levels were significantly higher in the severe AD group. Copper level was significantly higher in moderate and severe AD groups than the other groups. Compared to HC, iron level was significantly higher in patients with AD, whereas zinc level was significantly lower in patients with AD. In patients with AD, the severity of cognitive impairment was positively correlated with CER, UA, and zinc levels, whereas it was negatively correlated with copper level. Taken together, our findings provide a novel approach to assess AD progression.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document