Geographical differentiation in access to higher education in Sweden

Using Bourdieu’s Theory of Practice, this study examines the practices of Swedish students when entering higher education. Logistic regression is used to examine relationships between the educational resources and geographical origins of students born 1973–1982 (N = 382,198) and 1) their probability of migration when entering higher education and 2) the type of institution they entered. The results indicate that students’ practices differ by geographical origin, suggesting that students use migration in different ways to access higher education. For example, the students with the highest probability of migration are students originating from rural areas with high upper-secondary grades and students from large urban areas with low grades. Implications for expanding access to higher education while also creating sustainable communities are discussed.

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Nature and Trend of Female Participation in Higher Education in Assam: A Case Study of Gauhati University

Psychology and Education Journal ◽

10.17762/pae.v58i2.1850 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 58 (2) ◽

pp. 361-369

Author(s):

Sourav Saha

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Economic Transformation ◽

Female Participation ◽

Participation In Higher Education ◽

The University ◽

Women Participation

Higher education plays a crucial role in socio-economic transformation of a country. At present the rate of female participation in higher education has been increasing, especially in the urban and sub-urban areas of the State Assam. But this scenario is very much disheartening in the State’s rural areas. Very recently, some new universities have been established in Assam which makes the rate of female participation in higher education increased. However, the involvement of female in different technical and job oriented courses is still lagging behind. The present study is therefore an attempt to analyse the trend and pattern of women participation in different faculties of Gauhati University and also to investigate the socio-cultural factors behind the low rate of female participation in some particular faculties. The study is based on secondary data collected from the office of the university.

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Rural Population and COVID-19: A Model for Assessing the Economic Effects of Drop-Out in Higher Education

Frontiers in Education ◽

10.3389/feduc.2021.812114 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

Author(s):

Alfredo Guzmán Rincón ◽

Sandra Barragán Moreno ◽

Favio Cala-Vitery

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Educational Level ◽

Social Inequalities ◽

Public Policies ◽

Economic Effects ◽

Drop Out ◽

Access To Higher Education ◽

Training Programmes ◽

Rural Student

Higher education is one of the ways to overcome social inequalities in rural areas in developing countries. This has led states to develop public policies aimed at access, retention and timely graduation of students in those sectors, yet the high drop-out rates among the rural student population, which were catalysed by COVID-19, prevent the intrinsic and extrinsic benefits of obtaining a higher education degree from materialising. Thus, the study of the phenomenon of dropout before and after the pandemic has not sufficiently addressed the economic issues raised by this phenomenon for the different actors at the educational level. The purpose of this paper is to model the economic effects of rural student dropout at the higher education level for students and families, Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) and the State, based on public policies for access to higher education, in the pandemic and post-pandemic scenario. In order to delimit the operationalisation of the proposed model, a set of undergraduate training programmes in Colombia was taken as a reference. System dynamics was used as the main modelling technique. The model was based on data from the 20 training programmes with the highest number of students enrolled in rural areas for the year 2019, by running three computational simulations. The results showed the description of the dynamic model and the financial effects of dropout for the actors of the educational level with the current policies of access to higher education, the scenario in which COVID-19 would not have occurred and the consolidation of the public policy of tuition fee exemption in public HEIs as a result of the pandemic. It was concluded that the model developed is very useful for the valuation of these economic effects and for decision-making on policies to be implemented, given that the costs of dropout are characterised by high costs for students and their families as well as for HEIs, and where it was determined that current policies are inefficient in preventing and mitigating dropout.

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VALUES AND BELIEFS ABOUT SEXUALITY, MOTHERHOOD AND ABORTION

International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology Revista INFAD de psicología ◽

10.17060/ijodaep.2016.n2.v1.578 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 211

Author(s):

Paula Alexandra Nelas ◽

Cláudia Chaves ◽

Emília Coutinho ◽

Odete Amaral

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

Young Adults ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Male Students ◽

Sexual Life ◽

Beliefs And Values ◽

Values And Beliefs ◽

Teenagers And Young Adults ◽

Quantitative Descriptive

Abstract.Backgroud: Teenagers’ and young adults’ values and beliefs on sexuality, motherhood and abortion are determined by a multiplicity of factors of individual nature and of sociocultural order.Objectives: Analyze if the sociodemographic, affective, sexual and reproductive variables, influence values and beliefs about sexuality, motherhood and abortion on higher education students.Methodology: Quantitative, descriptive-correlational and transversal study, with a sample of 641 students (average age of 20.62 years old, sd± 2.145 years old), female (64.9%). The investigation’s protocol was the questionnaire that allowed characterizing the sociodemographic, affective, reproductive and sexually sample. Yet including the Values and Beliefs on Sexuality, Motherhood/Fatherhood and Abortion scale (Serene, Loyal & Maroco, 2009).Results: Male students manifest more beliefs on terms of motherhood, reproduction. Female students reveal more beliefs when it comes to affection, abortion and pleasure. Residents in urban areas manifest more beliefs when it comes to motherhood. Residents in rural areas have more beliefs and values toward reproduction, abortion. 2nd year students revealed more values and beliefs toward motherhood and reproduction. 1st year students manifested more values and beliefs to affection and pleasure. 3rd year students revealed more values and beliefs towards abortion. That are dating and that have already begun their sexual life obtained more beliefs in all dimensions, especially when it comes to values and beliefs toward pleasure. The ones that don’t use any kind of contraceptive method obtained higher values when it comes to motherhood, reproduction, abortion and values and beliefs in general, whereas the ones that use contraceptive methods obtained more in affection and in pleasure.Conclusion: The results suggest the need to debate the questions on motherhood, abortion and sexuality with young adults, in context of higher education, in order to enable them to the informed decision making, thus contributing to the promotion of sexual and reproductive health.Keywords: Values; Beliefs; Sexuality; Motherhood; Abortion; Higher Education Students.Resumo.Enquadramento: Os valores e as crenças dos adolescentes e jovens adultos sobre a sexualidade, maternidade e aborto são determinados por uma multiplicidade de fatores de natureza individual e de ordem sociocultural.Objetivos: Analisar se as variáveis sociodemográficas afectivas, sexuais e reprodutivas influenciam os valores e crenças sobre a sexualidade, maternidade e aborto nos estudantes do ensino superior.Metodologia: Estudo quantitativo, descritivo-correlacional e transversal, com uma amostra de 641 estudantes (idade média de 20.62, dp± 2.145 anos), maioritariamente feminina (64.9%), O protocolo de investigação foi o questionário que permitiu caracterizar a amostra sociodemográfica, afetiva, reprodutiva e sexualmente. Inclui ainda a escala de Valores e Crenças sobre Sexualidade, Maternidade/Paternidade e Aborto (Sereno, Leal & Maroco, 2009).Resultados: Os estudantes do sexo masculino manifestam mais crenças em termos de maternidade, reprodução. As estudantes revelam mais crenças em relação à afetividade, aborto e prazer. Os residentes em meio urbano manifestam mais crenças em relação à maternidade. Os residentes em meio rural têm mais valores e crenças face à reprodução, aborto. Os estudantes a frequentarem o 2.º ano manifestaram mais valores e crenças face à maternidade e reprodução; os do 1º ano pontuaram mais nos valores e crenças em relação à afetividade e no prazer; os do 3.º ano possuem mais valores e crenças perante o aborto. Os estudantes que namoram e que já iniciaram a vida sexual pontuaram mais em todas as dimensões, com destaque para os valores e crenças face ao prazer. Os que não utilizam algum método anticoncetivo apresentam valores mais elevados em relação à maternidade, reprodução, aborto e valores e crenças na globalidade, enquanto os que utilizamalgum método contracetivo pontuaram mais na afetividade e no prazer.Conclusão: Os resultados sugerem necessidade de debater as questões relativas à maternidade, paternidade, aborto e sexualidade com jovens adultos, em contexto de ensino superior, no sentido de os capacitar para a tomada de decisão informada, contribuindo desta forma para a promoção da saúde sexual e reprodutiva.Palavras-chave: Valores; Crenças; Sexualidade; Maternidade; Aborto; Estudantes do Ensino Superior

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A Study On The Equity Of Higher Education In Punjab In Context Of Equal Opportunities In Higher Education

Contemporary Issues in Education Research (CIER) ◽

10.19030/cier.v2i2.1093 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 23

Author(s):

Sara Maqbool

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

Gender Bias ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Public Universities ◽

Admission Criteria ◽

Institution Building ◽

Access To Higher Education ◽

Equal Opportunities ◽

Science System ◽

Selection Of

Higher education is central to the development of a country. Without it, countries are bound to lag behind others in the race for development. Without human resources development and institution building, a nation cannot dream of progress and prosperity. The investment in higher education does not go unrecorded and its neglect does not get ignored. The policies of the Government are placing greater stress on upgrading the skills of the vast resources of human capital in the country through measures promoting access to education, with a focus on enhancing the knowledge distribution power of the economy through collaborative network and the diffusion of technology, and providing the enabling conditions for change in the science system to maximize the benefits of technology.The objective of the study was to investigate the extent of equal opportunities in higher education in Punjab.The study was descriptive and survey type. The study was delimited to the higher education institutions of Punjab. The population included 18 public universities in Punjab. A random sampling technique was applied for selection of sample. Ten public sector universities were randomly selected for the above population. Ten teachers (5 male and 5 female) and 20 students (10 male and 10 female) were further selected from the sample universities.Data were collected through questionnaires developed with the help of experts. Data collected were tabulated, analyzed using the Likert’s five-point scale and chi-square. After drawing the conclusions, some workable recommendations were made for the improvement of higher education, bringing equity and access in higher education. The following conclusions were drawn from responses. (1) The concept of gender bias is prevailing in the developing countries of the world. (2) The study showed that there is indifferent attitude of teachers towards male and female students.(3) It was also found that the behaviour of the teachers was indifferent to rural and urban students. It creates region differences to breed. (4) The results showed that girls are not preferred to boys in selection of technical or scientific subjects. (5) The majority of the respondents pointed out those admission criteria effects the students with average grade to get enrolled in higher education. (6) Age restrictions keep the students with genuine problems away from higher education.The following recommendations were made on the basis of conclusions: (1)The authorities must assure that fair access to higher education is provided without gender bias.(2) There should be establishment of public universities in rural areas to promote equity region wise. (3)There should be equal opportunities for girls in selection of the subjects of their own choice. (4) Teachers should be trained in a way that student belonging to any group or sex have equal behaviour of teachers.(5) Admission criteria must have some relaxation for deprived students.(6) There should be an alternate way in the selection of medium of instruction.

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Factors associated with diarrhoea and acute respiratory infection in children under-5 years old in Ghana: an analysis of a national cross-sectional survey

BMC Pediatrics ◽

10.1186/s12887-021-02546-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Paschal Awingura Apanga ◽

Maxwell Tii Kumbeni

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

Respiratory Infection ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Acute Respiratory Infection ◽

Formal Education ◽

Prevalence Odds Ratio ◽

Lower Odds ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Children Under 5

Abstract Background Diarrhoea and acute respiratory infection (ARI) are major causes of morbidity and mortality in children under-5 years old in Ghana. The aim of the study was to assess factors associated with diarrhoea and ARI in children under-5 years old. Methods We analysed nationally representative data from the 2017–2018 Ghana Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) on 8879 children under-5 years old. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the factors associated with diarrhoea and ARI. We applied sample weights, stratification and clustering to account for the sampling design of the MICS. Results The prevalence of diarrhoea was 17.0% (95% CI: 15.70, 18.24%). Children aged 6–11 months [Adjusted prevalence odds ratio (aPOR): 2.06, 95% CI: 1.45, 2.92], and 12–23 months (aPOR: 2.37, 95% CI: 1.67, 3.35), had higher prevalence of diarrhoea compared to children aged 0–5 months. Children whose mothers had a college or higher education (aPOR: 0.41, 95% CI: 0.22, 0.78), and a secondary education (aPOR: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.51, 0.86), had 59% and 34% lower odds of diarrhoea respectively, compared to children whose mothers had no formal education. Children from the richest households (aPOR: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.39, 0.86), had 42% lower odds of diarrhoea compared to children from the poorest households. Children resident in rural areas had 22% lower odds of diarrhoea compared to their peers in urban areas (aPOR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.63, 0.98). The prevalence of ARI was 33.3% (95% CI: 31.72, 34.82%). Children aged 6–11 months (aPOR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.93), and 12–23 months (aPOR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.82), had higher prevalence of ARI compared to children aged 0–5 months. Conclusions This study suggests that the prevalence of diarrhoea and ARI among children aged 6–11 and 12–23 months was higher compared to children aged 0–5 months. Children under-5 years old whose mothers had a secondary or higher education had a lower prevalence of diarrhoea compared to children whose mothers had no formal education.

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Nature And Trend Of Female Participation In Higher Education In Assam: A Case Study Of Gauhati University

Psychology and Education Journal ◽

10.17762/pae.v58i1.1442 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 58 (1) ◽

pp. 4001-4008

Author(s):

Sourav Saha

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Economic Transformation ◽

Female Participation ◽

Participation In Higher Education ◽

The University ◽

Women Participation

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The Importance for the Pupils to Learn Survival Swimming

GYMNASIUM ◽

10.29081/gsjesh.2019.20.1s.11 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol XX (1 (Supplement)) ◽

pp. 131

Author(s):

Elena Vizitiu ◽

Ovidiu Galeru

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

Physical Therapy ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

The People ◽

Life Threatening

The purpose of this paper is to popularize survival swimming, which is currently the almost sole focus of utilitarian swimming. The survival swimming skills are reduced among the Romanian populace, even among the people in urban areas, with higher education. In rural areas, survival swimming skills tend to zero. The study has three objectives: to identify the swimming skills in a group of pupils who has started to learn how to swim in the Swimming and Physical Therapy Complex of the "Stefan cel Mare" University of Suceava; to improve their reaction ability in life-threatening drowning situations by teaching them essential swimming skills; and to increase the distance that the subjects can swim over independently by practicing survival swimming strokes.

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An Exploration of the Roles, Goals, and Social Interactions of Ghanaian Women

Journal of Student Research ◽

10.47611/jsr.v10i1.845 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Raven Gilliam ◽

Medha Talpade

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

College Students ◽

African American Women ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Financial Stability ◽

Rural And Urban Areas ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Dominant Society ◽

Ghanaian Women

This ethnography study sought to explore the lived experiences of Ghanaian women from urban and rural areas, and their roles in society. Research has revealed that Ghanaian women are on the rise of independence and higher education. Empirical data has identified the popular jobs among Ghanaian women in rural and urban areas as well as how much they value education. Research has also identified the careers which are and are not respected in Ghanaian culture. This study took a unique glimpse into the lives of young Ghanaian college students’ and how aspirations and career goals for either gender is the same but differences exist in upbringing. Focus groups consisted of college students, ages 20-25. Native Ghanaian students from rural and urban area of Ghana. Research questions focused on the roles of Ghanaian women in society; specifically, their roles at home and work; their social relationships, specifically their interactions and friendships.Validation strategies include rich thick descriptions, member checking, and journaling. Atlas Ti was used for the data analyses and the following themes emerged; experiences of higher education, white collar jobs, feelings about financial stability, feelings and experiences about marriage and friendship, and the essence of independence. This exploration serves as a means to educate young African American women on the culture and values held so respectfully by Ghanaians which would be the land of many of our ancestors. This is an attempt to understand how Ghanaian women take on the challenge of laying a foundation for women to walk on while having to conform to what a male dominant society expects while still holding on to their own sense of power.

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Structural Inequality in Refugee Participation in Higher Education

Journal of Refugee Studies ◽

10.1093/jrs/fez077 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ryan Naylor ◽

Les Terry ◽

Alberto Rizzo ◽

Nga Nguyen ◽

Nathan Mifsud

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

Access To Higher Education ◽

Refugee Students ◽

Structural Inequality ◽

University Outreach ◽

Education Data ◽

Support Programmes ◽

Type Of Institution ◽

Unequal Opportunities ◽

Participation In Higher Education

Abstract Structural inequality is a framework that examines conditions in which groups of people experience unequal opportunities in terms of roles, rights and decision-making compared to others. This research sought to examine whether students from refugee backgrounds faced structural inequalities in their access to higher education. Data regarding the participation of refugee students in higher education between 2011 and 2014 was obtained from the Australian Department of Education and Training. This data was compared with sector averages and those of students from formal equity backgrounds to establish possible structural impediments to university study. Students from refugee backgrounds were found to face both horizontal and vertical inequalities in their access to higher education, as do other equity groups. The experience of refugee students appears to have unique features, however, including gender, age, type of institution accessed and potentially field of study. These barriers may be addressed to some extent by university outreach and support programmes, but more will be required to facilitate full participation in higher education by these students.

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Trends in the socioeconomic patterning of overweight/obesity in India: a repeated cross-sectional study using nationally representative data

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023935 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (10) ◽

pp. e023935 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Shammi Luhar ◽

Poppy Alice Carson Mallinson ◽

Lynda Clarke ◽

Sanjay Kinra

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

Rural Women ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Obesity Prevalence ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Men And Women ◽

Nationally Representative

ObjectivesWe aimed to examine trends in prevalence of overweight/obesity among adults in India by socioeconomic position (SEP) between 1998 and 2016.DesignRepeated cross-sectional study using nationally representative data from India collected in 1998/1999, 2005/2006 and 2015/2016. Multilevel regressions were used to assess trends in prevalence of overweight/obesity by SEP.Setting26, 29 and 36 Indian states or union territories, in 1998/99, 2005/2006 and 2015/2016, respectively.Participants628 795 ever-married women aged 15–49 years and 93 618 men aged 15–54 years.Primary outcome measureOverweight/obesity defined by body mass index >24.99 kg/m2.ResultsBetween 1998 and 2016, overweight/obesity prevalence increased among men and women in both urban and rural areas. In all periods, overweight/obesity prevalence was consistently highest among higher SEP individuals. In urban areas, overweight/obesity prevalence increased considerably over the study period among lower SEP adults. For instance, between 1998 and 2016, overweight/obesity prevalence increased from approximately 15%–32% among urban women with no education. Whereas the prevalence among urban men with higher education increased from 26% to 34% between 2005 and 2016, we did not observe any notable changes among high SEP urban women between 1998 and 2016. In rural areas, more similar increases in overweight/obesity prevalence were found among all individuals across the study period, irrespective of SEP. Among rural women with higher education, overweight/obesity increased from 16% to 25% between 1998 and 2016, while the prevalence among rural women with no education increased from 4% to 14%.ConclusionsWe identified some convergence of overweight/obesity prevalence across SEP in urban areas among both men and women, with fewer signs of convergence across SEP groups in rural areas. Efforts are therefore needed to slow the increasing trend of overweight/obesity among all Indians, as we found evidence suggesting it may no longer be considered a ‘diseases of affluence’.

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