Variable liver fat concentration as a proxy for body fat mobilization postpartum has minor effects on insulin-induced changes in hepatic gene expression related to energy metabolism in dairy cows

AbstractHigh-producing dairy cows enter a period of negative energy balance during the first weeks of lactation. Energy intake is usually sufficient to cover the increase in energy requirements for fetal growth during the period before calving, but meeting the demand for energy is often difficult during the early stages of lactation. A catabolic state predominates during the transition period, leading to the mobilisation of energy reserves (NEFA and amino acids) that are utilised mainly by the liver and muscle. Increased uptake of mobilised NEFA by the liver, combined with the limited capacity of hepatocytes to either oxidise fatty acids for energy or to incorporate esterified fatty acids into VLDL results in fatty liver syndrome and ketosis. This metabolic disturbance can affect the general health, and it causes economic losses. Different nutritional strategies have been used to restrict negative effects associated with the energy challenge in transition cows. The provision of choline in the form of rumen-protected choline (RPC) can potentially improve liver function by increasing VLDL exportation from the liver. RPC increases gene expression of microsomal TAG transfer protein and APOB100 that are required for VLDL synthesis and secretion. Studies with RPC have looked at gene expression, metabolic hormones, metabolite profiles, milk production and postpartum reproduction. A reduction in liver fat and enhanced milk production has been observed with RPC supplementation. However, the effects of RPC on health and reproduction are equivocal, which could reflect the lack of sufficient dose–response studies.

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Effect of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation on body composition, body fat mobilization, protein accretion, and energy utilization in early lactation dairy cows

Journal of Dairy Science ◽

10.3168/jds.2011-4548 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 95 (3) ◽

pp. 1222-1239 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

D. von Soosten ◽

U. Meyer ◽

M. Piechotta ◽

G. Flachowsky ◽

S. Dänicke

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Linoleic Acid ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽

Body Fat ◽

Energy Utilization ◽

Early Lactation ◽

Acid Supplementation ◽

Fat Mobilization ◽

Mobilization Protein

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Altered Hepatic Gene Expression of Enzymes Involved in Energy Metabolism in the Growth-Retarded Fetal Rat

Pediatric Research ◽

10.1203/00006450-199603000-00003 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 39 (3) ◽

pp. 390-394 ◽

Cited By ~ 63

Author(s):

Robert H Lane ◽

Annette S Flozak ◽

Edward S Ogata ◽

Graeme I Bell ◽

Rebecca A Simmons

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Energy Metabolism ◽

Hepatic Gene Expression ◽

Fetal Rat

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Negative energy balance and hepatic gene expression patterns in high-yielding dairy cows during the early postpartum period: a global approach

Physiological Genomics ◽

10.1152/physiolgenomics.00118.2010 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 42A (3) ◽

pp. 188-199 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

S. D. McCarthy ◽

S. M. Waters ◽

D. A. Kenny ◽

M. G. Diskin ◽

R. Fitzpatrick ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Cell Cycle ◽

Energy Balance ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Postpartum Period ◽

Gene Networks ◽

Negative Energy ◽

Hepatic Gene Expression ◽

Early Postpartum Period ◽

Early Postpartum

In high-yielding dairy cows the liver undergoes extensive physiological and biochemical changes during the early postpartum period in an effort to re-establish metabolic homeostasis and to counteract the adverse effects of negative energy balance (NEB). These adaptations are likely to be mediated by significant alterations in hepatic gene expression. To gain new insights into these events an energy balance model was created using differential feeding and milking regimes to produce two groups of cows with either a mild (MNEB) or severe NEB (SNEB) status. Cows were slaughtered and liver tissues collected on days 6–7 of the first follicular wave postpartum. Using an Affymetrix 23k oligonucleotide bovine array to determine global gene expression in hepatic tissue of these cows, we found a total of 416 genes (189 up- and 227 downregulated) to be altered by SNEB. Network analysis using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis revealed that SNEB was associated with widespread changes in gene expression classified into 36 gene networks including those associated with lipid metabolism, connective tissue development and function, cell signaling, cell cycle, and metabolic diseases, the three most significant of which are discussed in detail. SNEB cows displayed reduced expression of transcription activators and signal transducers that regulate the expression of genes and gene networks associated with cell signaling and tissue repair. These alterations are linked with increased expression of abnormal cell cycle and cellular proliferation associated pathways. This study provides new information and insights on the effect of SNEB on gene expression in high-yielding Holstein Friesian dairy cows in the early postpartum period.

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Preliminary findings on the role of PLIN1 polymorphisms on body composition and energy metabolism response to energy restriction in obese women

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114511000432 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 106 (4) ◽

pp. 486-490 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

J. R. Ruiz ◽

E. Larrarte ◽

J. Margareto ◽

R. Ares ◽

P. Alkorta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Energy Metabolism ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Lipid Oxidation ◽

Body Fat ◽

Oxidation Rate ◽

Energy Restriction ◽

Obese Women ◽

Restricted Diet ◽

Induced Changes

The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of PLIN1 11482G>A (rs894160) and PLIN1 13041A>G (rs2304795) polymorphisms with body composition, energy and substrate metabolism, and the metabolic response to a 12-week energy-restricted diet in obese women. The study comprised a total of seventy-eight obese (BMI 34·0 (sd 2·8) kg/m2) women (age 36·7 (sd 7) years). We measured weight, height and waist circumference before and after a 12-week controlled energy-restricted diet intervention. Body fat mass and lean mass were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RMR and lipid oxidation rate were measured by indirect calorimetry. We also analysed fasting plasma glucose, insulin, cholesterol and leptin. Women carrying the 11482A allele had a lower reduction in waist circumference than non-A allele carriers (3·2 (sd 0·5) v. 4·6 (sd 0·6) %, respectively, P = 0·047; P for gene–diet interaction = 0·064). Moreover, women with the 11482A allele had a higher decrease in lipid oxidation rate than non-A allele carriers (58·9 (sd 6·7) v. 31·3 (sd 8·2) %, respectively, P = 0·012; P for gene–diet interaction = 0·004). There was no interaction effect between the 13041A>G polymorphism and diet-induced changes on the outcome variables (all P>0·1). These results confirm and extend previous findings suggesting that the PLIN1 11482G>A polymorphism plays a modulating role on diet-induced changes in body fat and energy metabolism in obese women.

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