Process efficiency of casein separation from milk using polymeric spiral-wound microfiltration membranes

Protein fractionation by means of microfiltration (MF) is significantly affected by fouling, especially when spiral-wound membranes (SWMs) are used. We investigated the influence of the mode of transmembrane pressure (ΔpTM) increase to target level and the deposit layer pressure history on the filtration performance during skim milk MF at temperatures of 10 °C and 50 °C. Two filtration protocols were established: No. 1: ΔpTM was set directly to various target values. No. 2: Starting from a low ΔpTM, we increased and subsequently decreased ΔpTM stepwise. The comparison of both protocols tested the effect of the mode of ΔpTM increase to target level. The latter protocol alone tested the effect of the deposit layer history with regard to the ΔpTM. As expected, flux and protein permeation were both found to be functions of the ΔpTM. Further, both measures were independent of the filtration protocol as long as ΔpTM was held at a constant level or, as part of protocol No. 2, ΔpTM was increased. Thus, we can state that the mode of ΔpTM increase to target level does not affect filtration performance in SWM. We found that after completion of a full cycle of stepping ΔpTM up from 0.5 bar to 3.0 bar and back down, flux and deposit layer resistance were not affected by the deposit layer history at 10 °C, but they were at 50 °C. Protein permeation, however, was lower for both 10 °C and 50 °C, when the ΔpTM cycle was completed. The processing history had a significant impact on filtration performance due to remaining structural compression effects in the deposited layer, which occur most notably at higher temperatures. Furthermore, temperatures of 50 °C lead to deposit layer aging, which is probably due to an enhanced crosslinking of particles in the deposit layer. Apart from that, we could show that fouling resistance does not directly correlate with protein permeation during skim milk MF using SWM.

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On the Use of Ultrafiltration or Microfiltration Polymeric Spiral-Wound Membranes for Cheesemilk Standardization: Impact on Process Efficiency

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods8060198 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 198 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Julien Chamberland ◽

Dany Mercier-Bouchard ◽

Iris Dussault-Chouinard ◽

Scott Benoit ◽

Alain Doyen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Economic Performance ◽

Specific Energy Consumption ◽

Process Efficiency ◽

Separation Performance ◽

Energy Costs ◽

Filtration Process ◽

Protein Retention ◽

Technological Performance ◽

Spiral Wound

Ultrafiltration (UF) and microfiltration (MF) are widely-used technologies to standardize the protein content of cheesemilk. Our previous work demonstrated that protein retention of a 0.1-µm MF spiral-wound membrane (SWM) was lower, but close to that of a 10 kDa UF one. Considering that the permeability of MF membranes is expected to be higher than that of UF ones, it was hypothesized that the former could improve the efficiency of the cheesemaking process. Consequently, the objectives of this work were to compare 0.1-µm MF and 10 kDa UF spiral-wound membranes in terms of (1) hydraulic and separation performance, (2) energy consumption and fouling behavior, (3) cheesemaking efficiency of retentates enriched with cream, and (4) economic performance in virtual cheesemaking plants. This study confirmed the benefits of using MF spiral-wound membranes to reduce the specific energy consumption of the filtration process (lower hydraulic resistance and higher membrane permeability) and to enhance the technological performance of the cheesemaking process (higher vat yield, and protein and fat recoveries). However, considering the higher serum protein retention of the UF membrane and the low price of electricity in Canada, the UF scenario remained more profitable. It only becomes more efficient to substitute the 10 kDa UF SWM by the 0.1-μm MF when energy costs are substantially higher.

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Performance Analysis on Eco-friendly Machining of Ti6Al4V using Powder Mixed with Different Dielectrics in WEDM

International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering ◽

10.15282/ijame.17.3.2020.06.0610 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 8128-8139

Author(s):

S. Chakraborty ◽

S. Mitra ◽

D. Bose

Keyword(s):

Metal Removal ◽

Removal Rate ◽

Machining Process ◽

Process Efficiency ◽

Machining Parameters ◽

Dielectric Fluids ◽

High Emission ◽

Pulse On Time ◽

Pulse Off Time ◽

Wedm Process

The recent scenario of modern manufacturing is tremendously improved in the sense of precision machining and abstaining from environmental pollution and hazard issues. In the present work, Ti6Al4V is machined through wire EDM (WEDM) process with powder mixed dielectric and analyzed the influence of input parameters and inherent hazard issues. WEDM has different parameters such as peak current, pulse on time, pulse off time, gap voltage, wire speed, wire tension and so on, as well as dielectrics with powder mixed. These are playing an essential role in WEDM performances to improve the process efficiency by developing the surface texture, microhardness, and metal removal rate. Even though the parameter’s influencing, the study of environmental effect in the WEDM process is very essential during the machining process due to the high emission of toxic vapour by the high discharge energy. In the present study, three different dielectric fluids were used, including deionised water, kerosene, and surfactant added deionised water and analysed the data by taking one factor at a time (OFAT) approach. From this study, it is established that dielectric types and powder significantly improve performances with proper set of machining parameters and find out the risk factor associated with the PMWEDM process.

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THEORETICAL STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF GEOMETRICAL PARAMETERS AND LOCATION OF ROTOR IMPACT ELEMENTS OF AN IMPACT-CENTRIFUGAL GRINDER ON SPEED AND ANGLES OF CRUSHED PARTICLES FLIGHT

АГРАРНЫЙ ВЕСТНИК ВЕРХНЕВОЛЖЬЯ ◽

10.35523/2307-5872-2020-31-2-62-70 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Granulometric Composition ◽

Theoretical Study ◽

Process Efficiency ◽

Geometrical Parameters ◽

Grinding Process ◽

Main Work ◽

Impact Element ◽

The Impact ◽

Positive Effect ◽

Efficiency Indicators

One of efficiency indicators of grain grinders is grain granulometric composition. The basis of mixed fodder is crushed grain, the particles of which must have a leveled granulometric composition for subsequent mixing and obtaining a high-quality feed mixture. In agricultural production, hammer crushers are widely used, in which the destruction of grain occurs due to the impact of a hinged hammer. The main disadvantage of these crushers is that not the entire surface of the hammers is involved in grinding, thus reduces grinding process efficiency. A slightly different principle of material destruction is laid down in the basis of the proposed design of the shock-centrifugal grinder. Main work is performed by flat impact elements located on the rotor, which serve to accelerate crushed particles with subsequent impact of them on the bump elements. An important step in the design of new constructions of shock-centrifugal grinders is to determine size and location of the impact elements on the rotor, without which the grinding process is not possible. In the calculation method presented, the dependencies for determining the velocities and angles of a single particle flight from the surface of a flat impact element for its specified dimensions are proposed. Two variants of an impact element location on the rotor are considered and analyzed: radial and at an angle in the direction of rotor rotation. As a result of research carried out, it is noted that in the case of inclined position of an impact element on the rotor an increase in flight speed and flight angles change in crushed particles, which gives the opportunity to have a positive effect on grinding process.

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Preparation of Magnetic ZSM-5/Ni Hollow Fibers Using Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Hollow Fiber Microfiltration Membranes as Templates

Journal of Inorganic Materials ◽

10.3724/sp.j.1077.2008.00475 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 475-480

Author(s):

Jin-Long JIANG

Keyword(s):

Hollow Fiber ◽

Vinylidene Fluoride ◽

Hollow Fibers ◽

Poly Vinylidene Fluoride ◽

Microfiltration Membranes

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Experimental Studies Concerning the Semipermeable Membrane Separation Efficiency for 134Cs, 137Cs, 57Co, 58Co, 60Co, 54Mn in Liquid Radioactive Waste I. Treatment of secondary waste from POD decontamination procedure

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.08.5.1825 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 59 (5) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Mirela Dulama ◽

Nicoleta Deneanu ◽

Cristian Dulama ◽

Margarit Pavelescu

Keyword(s):

Membrane Separation ◽

Separation Efficiency ◽

Liquid Radioactive Waste ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Experimental Tests ◽

Suspended Solid ◽

Process Efficiency ◽

Active Charcoal ◽

Precipitation Process ◽

Pre Treatment

The paper presents the experimental tests concerning the treatment by membrane techniques of radioactive aqueous waste. Solutions, which have been treated by using the bench-scale installation, were radioactive simulated secondary wastes from the decontamination process with modified POD. Generally, an increasing of the retention is observed for most of the contaminants in the reverse osmosis experiments with pre-treatment steps. The main reason for taking a chemical treatment approach was to selectively remove soluble contaminants from the waste. In the optimization part of the precipitation step, several precipitation processes were compared. Based on this comparison, mixed [Fe(CN)6]4-/Al3+/Fe2+ was selected as a precipitation process applicable for precipitation of radionuclides and flocculation of suspended solid. Increased efficiencies for cesium radionuclides removal were obtained in natural zeolite adsorption pre-treatment stages and this was due to the fact that volcanic tuff used has a special affinity for this element. Usually, the addition of powdered active charcoal serves as an advanced purifying method used to remove organic compounds and residual radionuclides; thus by analyzing the experimental data (for POD wastes) one can observe a decreasing of about 50% for cobalt isotopes subsequently to the active charcoal adsorption.. The semipermeable membranes were used, which were prepared by the researchers from the Research Center for Macromolecular Materials and Membranes, Bucharest. The process efficiency was monitored by gamma spectrometry.

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