scholarly journals A review of the management of single-suture craniosynostosis, past, present, and future

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 622-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark R. Proctor ◽  
John G. Meara
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Past Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Improved Outcomes ◽  
Single Suture ◽  
Skull Bones

BACKGROUNDCraniosynostosis is a condition in which 2 or more of the skull bones fuse prematurely. The spectrum of the disorder most commonly involves the closure of a single suture in the skull, but it can also involve syndromic diagnoses in which multiple skull bones and/or bones outside of the cranium are affected. Craniosynostosis can result in cosmetic deformity as well as potential limitations in brain growth and development, and the neurocognitive impact of the condition is just starting to be studied more thoroughly. Our knowledge regarding the genetics of this condition has also evolved substantially. In this review, the authors explore the medical and surgical advancements in understanding and treating this condition over the past century, with a focus on how the diagnosis and treatment have evolved.METHODSIn this review article, the authors, who are the leaders of a craniofacial team at a major academic pediatric hospital, focus on single-suture craniosynostosis (SSC) affecting the 6 major cranial sutures and discuss the evolution of the treatment of SSC from its early history in modern medicine through the current state of the art and future trends. This discussion is based on the authors’ broad experience and a comprehensive review of the literature.SUMMARYThe management of SSC has evolved substantially over the past 100 years. There have been major advances in technology and medical knowledge that have allowed for safer treatment of this condition through the use of newer techniques and technologies in the fields of surgery, anesthesia, and critical care. The use of less invasive surgical techniques along with other innovations has led to improved outcomes in SSC patients. The future of SSC treatment will likely be guided by elucidation of the causes of neurocognitive delay in these children and assessment of how the timing and type of surgery can mitigate adverse outcomes.

scholarly journals El Origen de las Enfermedades

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Icaro De Macedo Leandro
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Past Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Solid Bases ◽  
Great Development

<p><strong>[The Origin Of Diseases]</strong></p><p> </p><div><br />Resumen<br />La medicina presentó grandes avances desde la introducción de los antibióticos, de nuevos medicamentos y vacunas, y de la electrónica en modernas técnicas de diagnóstico y tratamiento.</div><div>Pero a pesar de hospitales cada día más sofisticados, las enfermedades no transmisibles como el cáncer, diabetes y enfermedades autoinmunes están en aumento.</div><div>La explicación está en conocimientos médicos de extrema importancia no reconocidos por la medicina actual. El propósito de este trabajo es recordar el aporte a la medicina de ilustres investigadores del siglo pasado, aporte que nos permitirá conocer el origen de las enfermedades y tener bases sólidas para su tratamiento.</div><div> </div><div> </div><div>Abstract<br />Medicine has undergone great development since the introduction of antibiotics, new drugs and vaccines, and in electronics with modern techniques in diagnosis and treatment.</div><div>But despite having more sophisticated hospitals, non transmissible diseases like cancer, diabetes and autoimmune diseases are on the rise.</div><div>One explanation to this relies on medical knowledge of great importance not recognized by modern medicine. The purpose of this paper is to remember the work of illustrious investigators from the past century to medicine, wish will allow us to remember the origin of diseases and therefore have solid bases for their treatment.</div>

scholarly journals The Neurosurgical Treatment of Movement Disorders

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Gary Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Movement Disorders ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Past Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Neurosurgical Treatment ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Central Nervous System

The management of movement disorders has been his- torically treated with both surgical and medical modalities. While L-Dopa has been the medical mainstay for Parkinson’s Disease, surgical techniques have evolved over the past century to the current state of stereotactic procedures in focal parts of the central nervous system. Presented here is a review of the history of this evolution. 

A view of the current state of hygiene, sanitation, and public medicine

1923 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-92
Author(s):  
V. V. Miloslavsky
Keyword(s):  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Total Loss ◽  
Present Moment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Premature Deaths ◽  
Current State

Hardly any other branch of medical knowledge has ever faced greater challenges, more pressing questions, than hygiene does at the present moment. The past war has uprooted about 6 million healthy, strong individuals - a direct sacrifice on the altar of Mars. To this should be added about 50 million premature deaths caused by an increase of mortality and those who were not born as a result of a decrease in the birthrate. For Russia, the total loss had already reached 21 million souls by the end of 1920, with 25 million disabled.

Action Stations! 100 years of trauma care on maritime and amphibious operations in the Royal Navy

2015 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Osborne ◽  
JE Smith
Keyword(s):  
Blood Loss ◽  
Trauma Care ◽  
Medical Service ◽  
Wound Care ◽  
Military Medicine ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Royal Navy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Improved Outcomes ◽  
Levels Of Support

AbstractOver the past century trauma care within the Royal Navy (RN) has evolved; wartime experiences and military medical research have combined to allow signifi cant improvement in the care of casualties. This article describes the key maritime and amphibious operations that have seen the Royal Navy Medical Service (RNMS) deliver high levels of support to wherever the Naval Service has deployed in the last 100 years. Key advancements in which progress has led to improved outcomes for injured personnel are highlighted – the control and treatment of blood loss, wound care, and the prevention and management of organ failure with optimal resuscitation.Historians often point out how slowly military medicine progressed for the fi rst few thousand years of its recorded history, and how quickly it has progressed in the last century. This refl ective article will show how the RNMS has been an integral part of that story, and how the lessons learnt by our predecessors have shaped our modern day doctrine surrounding trauma care.

scholarly journals How Anesthetic, Analgesic and Other Non-Surgical Techniques During Cancer Surgery Might Affect Postoperative Oncologic Outcomes: A Summary of Current State of Evidence

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrice Forget ◽  
Jose A. Aguirre ◽  
Ivanka Bencic ◽  
Alain Borgeat ◽  
Allessandro Cama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Oncologic Outcomes ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Network ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Cancer Resection ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State

The question of whether anesthetic, analgesic or other perioperative intervention during cancer resection surgery might influence long-term oncologic outcomes has generated much attention over the past 13 years. A wealth of experimental and observational clinical data have been published, but the results of prospective, randomized clinical trials are awaited. The European Union supports a pan-European network of researchers, clinicians and industry partners engaged in this question (COST Action 15204: Euro-Periscope). In this narrative review, members of the Euro-Periscope network briefly summarize the current state of evidence pertaining to the potential effects of the most commonly deployed anesthetic and analgesic techniques and other non-surgical interventions during cancer resection surgery on tumor recurrence or metastasis.

Los derechos de realojo y retorno. Antecedentes y regulación estatal en el modelo de urbanismo sostenible

2014 ◽  
pp. 2517-2541
Author(s):  
Tomás QUINTANA LÓPEZ
Keyword(s):  
Legal Order ◽  
Past Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Urban Restoration

LABURPENA: Ostatu emateko eta itzultzeko eskubideek badute tradiziorik Espainiako ordenamendu juridikoan, baina dimentsio berri bat eman die lurzoruari buruzko maiatzaren 28ko 8/2007 Legeak, eta batik bat ekainaren 26ko 8/2013 Lege berriagoak, hirien birgaitze, biziberritze etaberrikuntzari buruzkoak. Azken horrek hirigintza berri batean txertatu du eskubide horien araubidea, hiriaren kontserbazioari eta berrikuntzari arreta handiagoa eskainiz hirien hedapenari, hirigintzari eta eraikuntzari baino, oso sustraituak lurzoruaren legegintzan, joan den mendearen erdialdera onartutako lehen hirigintza-legetik hona. Ostatu emateko eta itzultzeko eskubideei buruzko estatu-arauak aztertzen dira lan honetan. RESUMEN: Los derechos de realojo y retorno, que cuentan con alguna tradición en el ordenamiento jurídico español, han adquirido una nueva dimensión en el marco de la renovada legislación de suelo que se pretende iniciar con la aprobación de la Ley 8/2007, de 28 de mayo, de Suelo, de la que constituye un hito fundamental la más reciente Ley 8/2013, de 26 de junio, de Rehabilitación, Regeneración y Renovación Urbanas, ley ésta última que contribuye a insertar el régimen de los mencionados derechos en un urbanismo más atento a la conservación y renovación de la ciudad construida que a la expansión de la misma y, con ella, a los fenómenos urbanizador y edificatorio, que tan arraigados han estado en la legislación del suelo desde la primera ley urbanística española aprobada a mediados del siglo pasado. Las actuales normas estatales reguladoras de los derechos de realojo y retorno son objeto de atención en el presente estudio. ABSTRACT: Rights to rehousing and return, which enjoy some tradition in Spanish legal order, have assumed a new dimension within the updated legislation on land that tries to begin with the enactment of Act 8/2007 of May 28th on Land, a crucial milestone to the more recent Act 8/2013 of June 26th of Urban Restoration, Regeneration and Renovation, act that contributes to include the regime of the aforementioned rights onto a more focused urbanism on conservation and renovation of the built city than on its extension itself, and with it, on the urban and constructing phenomena, which have been so ingrained in the land legislation from the first spanish urban act enacted halfway the past century. The current State provisions that regulate rights to rehousing and return are object of attention by this study.

scholarly journals Management of Lambdoid Craniosynostosis: A Comprehensive and Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Taylor Reardon ◽  
Brian Fiani ◽  
Jacob Kosarchuk ◽  
Anthony Parisi ◽  
Nathan A. Shlobin
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Operative Management ◽  
Head Shape ◽  
Neurological Sequelae ◽  
Radiologic Findings ◽  
Improved Outcomes ◽  
Common Goals ◽  
The Common ◽  
Single Suture

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Craniosynostosis is a condition characterized by the premature fusion of 2 or more skull bones. Craniosynostosis of the lambdoid suture is one of the rarest forms, accounting for 1–4% of all craniosynostoses. Documented cases are separated into simple (single suture), complex (bilateral), and associated with adjacent synostoses (“Mercedes Benz” Pattern) or syndromes (i.e., Crouzon, Sathre-Chotzen, Antley-Bixler). This condition can manifest phenotypic deformities and neurological sequelae that can lead to impaired cognitive function if improperly treated or left undiagnosed. Preferred surgical techniques have varied over time but all maintain the common goals of establishing proper head shape and preventing of complications that could contribute to aforementioned sequelae. <b><i>Summary:</i></b> This comprehensive review highlights demographic distributions, embryological development, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, neurological sequelae, radiologic findings, surgical techniques, surgical outcomes, and postoperative considerations of patients with lambdoid craniosynostosis presentation. In addition, a systematic review was conducted to explore the operative management of lambdoid craniosynostosis using PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases, with 38 articles included after screening. <b><i>Key Messages:</i></b> Due to a low volume of published cases, diagnosis and treatment can vary. Large overlap in presentation can occur in patients that display lambdoid craniosynostosis and posterior plagiocephaly, furthering the need for comprehensive analysis. Possessing the knowledge and tools to properly assess patients with lambdoid craniosynostosis will allow for more precise care and improved outcomes.

scholarly journals Treatment of adult thoracolumbar spinal deformity: past, present, and future

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 551-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin S. Smith ◽  
Christopher I. Shaffrey ◽  
Christopher P. Ames ◽  
Lawrence G. Lenke
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Spinal Deformity ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Limited Ability ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Future

Care of the patient with adult spinal deformity (ASD) has evolved from being primarily supportive to now having the ability to directly treat and correct the spinal pathology. The focus of this narrative literature review is to briefly summarize the history of ASD treatment, discuss the current state of the art of ASD care with focus on surgical treatment and current challenges, and conclude with a discussion of potential developments related to ASD surgery.In the past, care for ASD was primarily based on supportive measures, including braces and assistive devices, with few options for surgical treatments that were often deemed high risk and reserved for rare situations. Advances in anesthetic and critical care, surgical techniques, and instrumentation now enable almost routine surgery for many patients with ASD. Despite the advances, there are many remaining challenges currently impacting the care of ASD patients, including increasing numbers of elderly patients with greater comorbidities, high complication and reoperation rates, and high procedure cost without clearly demonstrated cost-effectiveness based on standard criteria. In addition, there remains considerable variability across multiple aspects of ASD surgery. For example, there is currently very limited ability to provide preoperative individualized counseling regarding optimal treatment approaches (e.g., operative vs nonoperative), complication risks with surgery, durability of surgery, and likelihood of achieving individualized patient goals and satisfaction. Despite the challenges associated with the current state-of-the-art ASD treatment, surgery continues to be a primary option, as multiple reports have demonstrated the potential for surgery to significantly improve pain and disability. The future of ASD care will likely include techniques and technologies to markedly reduce complication rates, including greater use of navigation and robotics, and a shift toward individualized medicine that enables improved counseling, preoperative planning, procedure safety, and patient satisfaction.Advances in the care of ASD patients have been remarkable over the past few decades. The current state of the art enables almost routine surgical treatment for many types of ASD that have the potential to significantly improve pain and disability. However, significant challenges remain, including high complication rates, lack of demonstrated cost-effectiveness, and limited ability to meaningfully counsel patients preoperatively on an individual basis. The future of ASD surgery will require continued improvement of predictability, safety, and sustainability.

scholarly journals Current Role of Surgery in the Management of Oropharyngeal Cancer

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1176-1183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghan T. Turner ◽  
J. Kenneth Byrd ◽  
Robert L. Ferris
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Oropharyngeal Cancer ◽  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Oncologic Outcomes ◽  
Oropharyngeal Carcinoma ◽  
The Past ◽  
Minimally Invasive Surgical ◽  
Improved Outcomes

The 1990s saw an increased use of chemoradiotherapy protocols, commonly referred to as organ-sparing therapy, for the treatment of oropharyngeal cancer after the Groupe d'Oncologie Radiothérapie Tête et Cou trial. Since that time, human papillomavirus–associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma has been identified as a unique disease, with improved survival regardless of treatment modality. The improved outcomes of this population has led to re-evaluation of treatment paradigms in the past decade, with a desire to spare young, human papillomavirus–positive patients the treatment-related toxicities of chemoradiotherapy and to use new minimally invasive surgical techniques to improve outcomes. Numerous retrospective and prospective studies have investigated the role of surgery in treatment of oropharyngeal carcinoma and have demonstrated equivalent oncologic outcomes and improved functional outcomes compared with chemoradiotherapy protocols. Ongoing and future clinical trials may help delineate the role of surgery in the future.

scholarly journals Alloplastic and Implant Materials for Bone Grafting: a Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-353
Author(s):  
U. F. Mukhametov ◽  
S. V. Lyulin ◽  
D. Y. Borzunov ◽  
I. F. Gareev ◽  
O. A. Beylerli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Genetic Disorder ◽  
Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Shunt Thrombosis ◽  
Current State ◽  
Property Evaluation ◽  
Osseous Regeneration ◽  
Osteoinductive Property

Bone reconstruction aft er trauma, infection, tumour or congenital genetic disorder is an important subject of modern medicine usually relying on bone graft ing materials. Autologous bone or autograft is still considered the “gold standard” most eff ective in bone defect reconstruction and osseous regeneration. Having the advantages of autograft ing, a series of issues remain related to a limited donor material, painful graft taking and the risk of putative complications (nonunions, graft rejection, infection, iatrogenic fractures, post-microsurgery arteriovenous shunt thrombosis, etc.). Th erefore, improved biomaterials are demanded to adequately meet the autograft criteria. Choosing optimal graft materials becomes relevant, aside to the rationale of selecting new surgical techniques. Th e osteoconductive and osteoinductive property evaluation in modern osteoplastic materials comprises a research avenue into optimal graft development for osseous correction in maxillofacial surgery, neurosurgery, traumatology and orthopaedics. Such biomaterials can be combined with alloplastic graft s to attain the required properties of osteoconduction, osteoinduction and osteogenesis. Th is analytic literature review focuses on current state-of-the-art in alloplastic graft ing that, in our opinion, grounds the progress of auto- and allograft innovative development.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document