Determination of the normal conus medullaris level in term infants: the role of MRI in early infancy

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Mengchun Sun ◽  
Benzhang Tao ◽  
Gan Gao ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Aijia Shang
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Conus Medullaris ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Early Infancy ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Inferior Border ◽  
Superior Border

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the migration process of the conus medullaris (CM) in early infancy using infant MRI and to evaluate the application of MRI for locating the infant CM level. METHODS The authors retrospectively analyzed the CM level on the lumbosacral MR images of 26 term infants aged < 3 months who were classified into three groups according to age. The authors numbered the CM level in each patient and analyzed the range and average of the CM level of the cohort. The authors studied the linear correlation between CM level and postnatal days with linear regression analysis, 1-way ANOVA, and the least significant difference test. RESULTS The CM level ranged from the superior border of the L1 vertebra to the top third of the L3 vertebra. About 96.2% of infants had CM higher than the superior border of the L3 vertebra. On average, CM was located between the L1–2 intervertebral disc and the inferior border of the L2 vertebra (mean ± SD score 1.64 ± 1.14). The three groups had no significant statistical difference in CM level (F = 1.071 and p = 0.359; groups 1 and 2, p = 0.408; groups 1 and 3, p = 0.170; groups 2 and 3, p = 0.755). CM level had no linear regression correlation with postnatal days within the first month (r2 = 0.061, F = 0.654, p = 0.438) or within the first 3 months (r2 = 0.002, F = 0.056, p = 0.816). CONCLUSIONS The CM level reaches the normal adult level by birth in term infants and does not ascend during childhood. On average, the CM was between the L1–2 intervertebral disc and the inferior border of the L2 vertebra in term infants. Considering the possibility of physiologically low-lying CM, the authors agree that normal CM is located above the L3 level in term infants and CM at the L3 level could be equivocal and should be investigated with other clinical data. The study data suggest that MRI is an accurate and valuable method for determining the CM level in term infants.

scholarly journals THU0433 TREATMENT WITH PEGLOTICASE IMPROVES HEPATIC FIBROSIS ESTIMATED BY FIBROSIS-4 INDEX IN SUBJECTS WITH CHRONIC REFRACTORY GOUT

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 454.1-454
Author(s):  
N. Schlesinger ◽  
A. Yeo ◽  
P. Lipsky
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Serum Urate ◽  
Complete Analysis ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Background:Hyperuricemia is associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)1,2, but the relationship to fibrosis remains uncertain3. Moreover, it is not known whether lowering serum urate will affect the course of NAFLD. The availability of data from two randomized trials of pegloticase, a pegylated recombinant mammalian uricase, that profoundly decreases serum urate afforded the opportunity to test the hypothesis that lowering urate might improve NAFLD.Objectives:To determine whether treatment of chronic refractory gout patients with pegloticase was associated with improvement in NAFLD determined by Fibrosis 4 index (Fib4).Methods:Databases from patients with chronic refractory gout who participated in two randomized 6 month clinical trials (RCTs) of pegloticase were analyzed4. Sub-sets who had persistent urate lowering to levels <1 mg/dL in response to biweekly pegloticase (Responders, n=36) were compared to those who received placebo (n=43). Since liver biopsy information was not available on these subjects, we relied on Fib4, a validated non-invasive estimate of liver fibrosis in a variety of liver diseases5,6calculated from measurements of AST, ALT, platelet count and age (Age x AST/platelets x √ALT). A Fib4 value of 1.3 is an indication that further evaluation of liver disease is warranted.Results:At baseline, the mean Fib4 values were 1.40 ± 0.86 in pegloticase responders and 1.04 ± 0.53 in subjects receiving placebo. As shown in figure 1, subjects receiving placebo exhibited a change of 0.26 ± 0.41 in the Fib4 score over the six months of the RCTs compared with 0.13 ± 0.62 in the pegloticase responders (p=0.048; by linear regression). When only the subjects with a Fib4 value > 1.3 were considered, a significant difference in the change in the Fib4 values over the 6 months of the trial between pegloticase responders and those receiving placebo was also observed (-0.15 ± 0.67 vs 0.37 ± 0.42, p=0.004, by linear regression). The correlations between serum urate area under the curve (AUC) over the 6 months of the trial and the change in Fib4 value was rs=0.33, p=0.0.0004 (Spearman rank-order correlation coefficient). Finally, multiple linear regression analysis indicated serum urate AUC (as a surrogate measure for group) is the main contributor to the change in Fib4 (p=0.018 by linear regression).Conclusion:The data are consistent with the conclusion that persistent lowering of serum urate had a significant impact on Fib4 levels, implying a possible effect on the course of NAFLD. The results support a more complete analysis involving biopsy examination of the impact of urate on liver inflammation and fibrosis.References:[1]Yang C et al. PlosOne2017; 12:e0177249[2]Jaruvongvanich V et al. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 29:1031[3]Jaruvongvanich V et al. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 29:694[4]Sundy JS, et al. JAMA. 2011; 306 (7):711-20[5]Sterling RK et al. Hepatol 2006; 43:1317[6]Shah AG et al. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009;7:1104Disclosure of Interests: :Naomi Schlesinger Grant/research support from: Pfizer, Amgen, Consultant of: Novartis, Horizon Therapeutics, Selecta Biosciences, Olatec, IFM Therapeutics, Mallinckrodt Pharmaceuticals, Anthony Yeo Employee of: Horizon Therapeutics, Peter Lipsky Consultant of: Horizon Therapeutics

scholarly journals Effect of platelet-rich plasma on the degenerative rotator cuff tendinopathy according to the compositions

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Jun Kim ◽  
Seung Mi Yeo ◽  
Soo Jin Noh ◽  
Chul-Won Ha ◽  
Byung Chan Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Rotator Cuff ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Meaningful Improvement ◽  
Cutoff Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tgf Β1

Abstract Background There are controversies about platelet-rich plasma (PRP) as an established treatment option for rotator cuff (RC) tendinopathy. The purpose of the study was to find the relation of cellular component with clinical efficacy in RC tendinopathy and to find the composition of PRP in treating RC tendinopathy. Methods A total 30 patients were recruited and divided into PRP and control groups. In the PRP group, 2 ml of PRP solution was injected to the hypoechoic lesion of degenerative supraspinatus via 22-gauge syringe with peppering technique. Patients in the control group were taught rotator cuff strengthening exercises. American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES), Constant-Murley score, and numeric rating scale (NRS) were measured before, 6 weeks after, 12 weeks after, and 24 weeks after the procedure. PRP compositions were analyzed using the 1 ml of PRP solution. Results Linear regression analysis showed no significant difference of ASES and Constant-Murley scores between the groups at 6 weeks (P = 0.582 and 0.258) and at 12 weeks (P = 0.969 and 0.795) but showed a significant difference at 24 weeks (P = 0.050 and 0.048). Independent t test showed significant group difference of NRS at 6 weeks (P = 0.031) but not at 12 and 24 weeks (P = 0.147 and 0.935). 5.19 pg/ml in IL-1β and 61.79 μg/ml in TGF-β1 were acquired as cutoff values to predict meaningful improvement. The PRP subgroup above IL-1β or TGF-β1 cutoff value showed significant differences in all clinical outcomes compared with the exercise group while the PRP subgroup below the cutoff value showed no significant differences in linear regression analysis. Conclusions Our study can help to find the optimal PRP condition and to enhance the effect of PRP on RC tendinopathy. Trial registration All the patients were registered in our Institutional Ethics Committee (approval number 2014-05-009).

scholarly journals Stay-at-home policy: is it a case of exception fallacy? An internet-based ecological study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo F. Savaris ◽  
Guilherme Pumi ◽  
Jovani Dalzochio ◽  
Rafael Kunst
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Healthcare Access ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Study Data ◽  
The World ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Staying At Home ◽  
At Home

AbstractBackgroundCountries with strict lockdown had a spike on the number of deaths. A recent mathematical model has suggested that staying at home did not play a dominant role in reducing COVID-19 transmission. Comparison between number of deaths and social mobility is difficult due to the non-stationary nature of the COVID-19 data.ObjectiveTo propose a novel approach to assess the association between staying at home values and the reduction/increase in the number of deaths due to COVID-19 in several regions around the world.MethodsIn this ecological study, data from www.google.com/covid19/mobility/, ourworldindata.org and covid.saude.gov.br were combined. Countries with >100 deaths and with a Healthcare Access and Quality Index of ≥67 were included. Data were preprocessed and analyzed using the difference between number of deaths/million between 2 regions and the difference between the percentage of staying at home. Analysis was performed using linear regression and residual analysisResultsAfter preprocessing the data, 87 regions around the world were included, yielding 3,741 pairwise comparisons for linear regression analysis. Only 63 (1.6%) comparisons were significant.DiscussionWith our results, we were not able to explain if COVID-19 mortality is reduced by staying as home in ∼98% of the comparisons after epidemiological weeks 9 to 34.

scholarly journals Comparison of [18F] NaF PET/CT Analysis Methods and Derivation of a Semi-population Input Function for Site Specific Measurements of Bone Formation in a Population With Chronic Kidney Disease Mineral and Bone Disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Houmaa Vrist ◽  
Jesper Nørgaard Bech ◽  
Thomas Guldager Lauridsen ◽  
Claire Anne Fynbo ◽  
Jørn Theil
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Input Function ◽  
Mineral And Bone Disorder ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bone Disorder ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Patlak Analysis

Abstract PurposeImplementation and comparison of non-invasive dynamic and static whole-body (WB) [18F]NaF PET/CT scan methods to replace invasive bone biopsy, used for quantitative analysis of bone clearance in patients with chronic kidney disease - mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD).MethodsSeventeen patients with CKD-MBD underwent a 60-minute dynamic scan followed by a 30-minute static WB scan. Tracer kinetics in four thoracic vertebrae were analyzed using non-linear regression and Patlak analysis using image-derived arterial input functions. We validated the use of a semi-population input function in this population.ResultsSkeletal plasma clearance (Ki) from Patlak analyses correlated well with non-linear regression analysis, but Ki-results using Patlak analysis were lower compared to Ki-results using non-linear regression analysis. However, no significant difference was found between Ki obtained by static WB scans and Ki obtained by dynamic scans using non-linear regression analysis (p=0.29). ConclusionOur results show good correlation between dynamic and static analysis of skeletal plasma clearance with no significant difference between the Ki-results obtained by non-linear regression analysis and the more clinically suitable static scan analysis method. We found lower Ki-results when Patlak analysis was applied. Thus, WB [18F]NaF PET/CT scans can be applied in future studies to measure Ki in CKD-BMD patients, but the results should not be compared uncritically with results obtained by dynamic scans analysis.

scholarly journals Impact of maternal age on birthweight in frozen embryo transfer cycles: an analysis including 12565 singleton newborns

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhexin Ni ◽  
Shuai Sun ◽  
Wen Cheng ◽  
Jin Yu ◽  
Dongxia Zhai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Frozen Embryo Transfer ◽  
Maternal Body Mass Index ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Previous studies have investigated the effect of maternal age on assisted reproductive technology (ART) success rates. However, little is known about the relationship between maternal age and neonatal birthweight in frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles. Does maternal age have an impact on singleton birthweight in FET cycles?Methods This retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary care centre, involving singleton live births born to women undergoing frozen-thawed embryo transfer during the period from January 2010 to December 2017. A total of 12565 women who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were enrolled and were grouped into four groups according to the maternal age: <30, 30–34, 35–39, and ≥ 40 years old. Maternal age between 30 and 34 years old was taken as a reference group. Singleton birthweight was the key outcome measure. A multivariable linear regression analysis was conducted to reveal the relationship between maternal age and neonatal birthweight with controlling for a number of potential confounders.Results A modest decrease but no significant difference in birthweight and gestational age- and gender-adjusted birthweight (Z-scores) was observed in maternal age over 35 years old as compared with group with 30–34 years old. Further, multiple linear regression analyses indicated that maternal body mass index (BMI), embryo developmental stage at transfer, parity, number of embryos transferred, FET endometrial preparation, endometrial thickness, gestational age and newborn gender were all independent predictors of neonatal birthweight.Conclusion Grouping with different maternal age was not associated with mean birthweight and Z-scores of singletons resulting from FET.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Diferensiasi Produk Terhadap Minat Beli Konsumen (Studi Kasus Banana Pop Kota Bima)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Dessy Sahur Ramdini ◽  
Ismunandar Ismunandar
Keyword(s):  
Product Differentiation ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Study Data ◽  
T Test ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Target Market ◽  
Simple Linear Regression ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Significant Difference

Consumers As A Target Market Have Sufficient Preferences Regarding The Products They Buy. These Products Must Be Unique So That Competitors Are Difficult To Imitate. Therefore The Purpose Of This Study Is To Determine Whether There Is An Influence And Positive And Significant Difference Between Product differentiation On Consumer Purchase Interest In Banana Pop City Of Bima. The Research Method Used In This Study Is The Associative Method. The Technique Of Determining The Sample Uses The Unknown Population With The Formula: Number Of Samples = Number Of Indicators 10 = 10 X 10 = 100, With A Sample Size Of 100 Respondents. Data Collection Techniques Are Observation, Questionnaire / Questionnaire, Literature Study. Data Analysis Techniques Using Simple Linear Regression Analysis, Simple Correlation Coefficient, Coefficient Of Determination, T Test With Spss 20 For Windows. The Results Of The Study Stated That The Validity And Reliability Tests Stated Validity And Reliability For All Data. In The Test Significant Test (T Test) States With The Value Ttable > Tcount (1.984 > -1819) And Sig Value 0.072> 0.05, So It Falls On The Rejection Ha Region Which Means H0 Is Rejected, Then It Can Be Interpreted That There Is No Influence Positive And Significant Between Product Differentiation Against Consumer Buying Interest In Banana Pop City Of Bima.

The development of lampbrush chromosome-type transcription in the early diplotene oocytes of Xenopus laevis: an electron-microscope analysis

1980 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-101
Author(s):  
R.S. Hill ◽  
H.C. Macgregor
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Transcription Unit ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Germinal Vesicles ◽  
The Mean

Oocytes of Xenopus laevis in pachytene and early diplotene of meiosis have been studied using the Miller spreading technique. Transcription first appears in germinal vesicles 25–40 micrometers in diameter, when the oocyte is in early diplotene. Transcription at this stage consists of arrays of short RNP transcripts, irregularly distributed along the DNP axis. Linear regression analysis has shown that many of these arrays are transcription units (Type I) with the transcripts having a common point of origin. The lengths of these early transcription units (mean = 7.06 +/− 5.06 micrometers), calculated from the linear regression data, are comparable to the lengths of transcription units from later stages, including Dumont stage 3. The polymerase granules of Type I transcription units are widely and irregularly spaced, having a mean spacing of 505 +/− 748 nm. More advanced transcription units (Type II, mean length = 8.72 +/− 3.77 micrometer) are usually found in the same chromosome set as the Type I units. Type II transcription units have closer and more regularly spaced polymerase granules than Type I transcription units (mean spacing = 92 +/− 49 nm). Both Type I and II transcription units have comparatively short RNP transcripts, the mean values for the slopes of their regression lines being 0.1336 and 0.1440 respectively. By the time the germinal vesicles are about 50–60 micrometers in diameter the transcription units have a quite different morphology (Type III). The lengths of the Type III transcription units are comparable to the Type I and II units, the mean length being 6.34 +/− 4.03 micrometers. The spacing of the polymerase granules in the Type III units is closer and more regular than the earlier stages (70 +/− 40 nm). Another significant difference between Type III and Types I and II transcription units is a decrease in the foreshortening of the Type III RNP transcripts. The mean slope of the regression lines for Type III transcription units is 0.2439. The morphological appearance of the Type III transcription unit is virtually identical to that of the transcription units from Dumont stage 3 oocytes, both with respect to the length and the spacing of the polymerase granules. However, the transcripts in Type III transcription units are still more foreshortened than those of Dumont stage 3 oocytes, having mean regression slopes of 0.4728. From the data obtained in the present study, it has been concluded that the pattern of lampbrush-type transcription is virtually fully established by the time most germinal vesicles are about 50 micrometers in diameter.

Risk factors for development of obesity in an ethnically diverse CHD population

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-127
Author(s):  
Scott J. Weinreb ◽  
Abigail J. Pianelli ◽  
Sreyans R. Tanga ◽  
Ira A. Parness ◽  
Rajesh U. Shenoy
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Paediatric Population ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Age Cohort

AbstractObjectivesPrevious cross-sectional studies have demonstrated obesity rates in children with CHD and the general paediatric population. We reviewed longitudinal data to identify factors predisposing to the development of obesity in children, hypothesising that age may be an important risk factor for body mass index growth.Study designRetrospective electronic health records were reviewed in all 5–20-year-old CHD patients seen between 2011 and 2015, and in age-, sex-, and race/ethnicity-matched controls. Subjects were stratified into aged cohorts of 5–10, 11–15, and 15–20. Annualised change in body mass index percentile (BMI%) over this period was compared using paired Student’s t-test. Linear regression analysis was performed with the CHD population.ResultsA total of 223 CHD and 223 matched controls met the inclusion criteria for analysis. Prevalence of combined overweight/obesity did not differ significantly between the CHD cohort (24.6–25.8%) and matched controls (23.3–29.1%). Univariate analysis demonstrated a significant difference of BMI% change in the age cohort of 5–10 (CHD +4.1%/year, control +1.7%/year, p=0.04), in male sex (CHD +1.8%/year, control −0.3%/year, p=0.01), and status-post surgery (CHD 2.03%/year versus control 0.37%, p=0.02). Linear regression analysis within the CHD subgroup demonstrated that age 5–10 years (+4.80%/year, p<0.001) and status-post surgery (+3.11%/year, p=0.013) were associated with increased BMI% growth.ConclusionsPrevalence rates of overweight/obesity did not differ between children with CHD and general paediatric population over a 5-year period. Longitudinal data suggest that CHD patients in the age cohort 5–10 and status-post surgery may be at increased risk of BMI% growth relative to peers with structurally normal hearts.

scholarly journals Which Hard and Soft Tissue Factors Relate with the Amount of Buccal Corridor Space during Smiling?

2008 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Il-Hyung Yang ◽  
Dong-Seok Nahm ◽  
Seung-Hak Baek
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tissue Factors ◽  
Buccal Corridor

Abstract Objective: To investigate which hard and soft tissue factors relate with the amount of buccal corridor area (BCA) during posed smiling. Materials and Methods: The samples consisted of 92 adult patients (19 men and 73 women; 56 four first bicuspids extraction and 36 nonextraction treatment cases; mean age = 23.5 years), who were treated only with a fixed appliance and finished with Angle Class I canine and molar relationships. To eliminate the crowding effect on the buccal corridor area, lateral cephalograms, dental casts, and standardized frontal posed smile photographs were obtained at debonding stage and 28 variables were measured. Pearson correlation analysis, multiple linear regression analysis, and independent t-test were used to find variables that were related with buccal corridor area ratio (BCAR). Results: Among the lateral cephalometric and dental cast variables, FMA, lower anterior facial height, upper incisor (U1) exposure, U1 to facial plane, lower incisor (L1) to mandibular plane, L1 to N-B, Sn (subnasale) to soft tissue menton (Me′), Sn to stomodium superius (stms), stms to Me′, and interpremolar width were significantly negatively correlated with BCAR. Occlusal plane inclination and buccal corridor linear ratio did not show any significant correlation with BCAR. Multiple linear regression analysis generated a three-variable model: Sn to Me′, U1 exposure, and sum of tooth material (STM) (R2 = 0.324). There was no significant difference in BCAR between extraction and nonextraction groups. Conclusions: To control the amount of BCA for achieving a better esthetic smile, it is necessary to observe the vertical pattern of the face, amount of upper incisor exposure, and sum of the tooth material.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LEADERSHIP STYLES AND EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-114
Author(s):  
Anton Vorina ◽  
Tina Ojsteršek
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Leadership Styles ◽  
Employee Engagement ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Dummy Variable ◽  
Significant Difference

This paper examines the correlation between leadership styles and employee engagement. For the purpose of our research, we have used a random sample of 594 respondents who are employed in both the public and the private sector in Slovenia. The main goal of the research is to contribute to the understanding of how one independent variable (X1- a Dummy variable for Leadership style; X1= 0 mostly or over 50% of the leaders use the autocratic style of leadership; X1= 1 otherwise) impacts the Y variable (employee engagement). Online surveys combined with face-to-face as well as online interviews were carried out from 4 January to 14 March 2016. For statistical analysis, IBM SPSS 20 has been used and linear regression analysis applied. Based on the linear regression F (1, 586) =1.786, p-value = 0.182, R-square = 0.003), we have found out that there is not any statistically significant (at the 5% significance level) correlation between leadership style and employee engagement. We have also come to a conclusion that autocratic style is mainly used in employee management by Slovenian leaders. Moreover, there is no statistically significant difference at the 5% significance level in leadership styles that are used between genders.

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