Comparing the rheological properties of novel nanofibrillar cellulose-formulated pigment coating colours with those using traditional thickener

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarina Dimic-Misic ◽  
Tuomo Salo ◽  
Jouni Paltakari ◽  
Patrick Gane
Keyword(s):  
Water Retention ◽  
Nanofibrillated Cellulose ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Kaolin Clay ◽  
Flocculation Mechanism ◽  
Total Replacement ◽  
Nanofibrillar Cellulose ◽  
Pigment Coating ◽  
Coating Colour ◽  
Ground Calcium Carbonate

Abstract Nanocellulose containing materials, such as micro-fibrillated cellulose (MFC) and nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC), are potential additives which could improve strength properties of coated paper and board surfaces and thus substitute natural and synthetic cobinders, such as carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and polyacrylic thickeners, in pigmented coating formulations. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether MFC/NFC can be used in coating colours as sole co-binder. In this investigation, the change of rheological and dewatering behaviour of coating colours, having a single blend of pigments (ground calcium carbonate and kaolin clay) together with a latex emulsion binder, is studied when CMC is used as sole co-binder and during its partial and finally total replacement with MFC/NFC. The findings suggest that even though all coatings show viscoelasticity, MFC/NFC is seen to relate to the gel-like nature of the nanoparticles in the coating colour whereas the viscoelastic behaviour in the case of CMC is induced by differential flocculation amongst the pigment and latex binder. The flocculation mechanism is predicted to be necessary in order to provide the link between water retention and elastic structure recovery where anti-sagging is a prerequisite, such as in the coating of rough substrates, e.g. for board and packaging.

scholarly journals Nanofibrillated Cellulose from Appalachian Hardwoods Logging Residues as Template for Antimicrobial Copper

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoumeh Hassanzadeh ◽  
Ronald Sabo ◽  
Alan Rudie ◽  
Richard Reiner ◽  
Roland Gleisner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidation Process ◽  
Metallic Copper ◽  
Nanofibrillated Cellulose ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Northern Red Oak ◽  
Yellow Poplar ◽  
Tempo Oxidation ◽  
Mechanical Fibrillation ◽  
Appalachian Hardwoods

TEMPO nanofibrillated cellulose (TNFC) from two underutilized Appalachian hardwoods, Northern red oak (Quercus rubra) and yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera), was prepared to determine its feasibility to be used as template for antimicrobial metallic copper particles. In addition, a comparison of the TNFC from the two species in terms of their morphological, chemical, thermal, and mechanical properties was also performed. The woody biomass was provided in the form of logging residue from Preston County, West Virginia. A traditional kraft process was used to produce the pulp followed by a five-stage bleaching. Bleached pulps were then subjected to a TEMPO oxidation process using the TEMPO/NaBr/NaClO system to facilitate the final mechanical fibrillation process and surface incorporation of metallic copper. The final TNFC diameters for red oak and yellow poplar presented similar dimensions, 3.8±0.74 nm and 3.6±0.85 nm, respectively. The TNFC films fabricated from both species exhibited no statistical differences in both Young’s modulus and the final strength properties. Likely, after the TEMPO oxidation process both species exhibited similar carboxyl group content, of approximately 0.8 mmol/g, and both species demonstrated excellent capability to incorporate antimicrobial copper on their surfaces.

Fractal Analysis of Coated Papers

2012 ◽  
Vol 730-732 ◽  
pp. 209-214
Author(s):  
J. Velho ◽  
N.F. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Fractal Analysis ◽  
Coated Paper ◽  
Precipitated Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Coated Papers ◽  
Coating Colour ◽  
Ground Calcium Carbonate

The main goal of this research is to apply AFM to the analysis of coated paper topography in order to find out relationships between sheet gloss and some parameters obtained from AFM, such as roughness and fractal dimension (D). Flooding technique was also developed using appropriated software. Number of hills/flooding volume for 25%, 50% and 75% flooded volume was applied in this research. Ground calcium carbonate and precipitated calcium carbonate were applied in coating colour formulations, alone and blended in three formulations, 75:25, 50:50 and 25:75. The results obtained showed high correlations between sheet gloss with fractal dimension (D) parameter. Finally, flooding technique showed to be very interesting, all of them gave useful information in interpreting the influence of topography on sheet gloss.

scholarly journals Testing of experimental samples of nanofibrillar cellulose in the production of lightweight coated paper

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-98
Author(s):  
E.T. Tyurin ◽  
◽  
A.A. Zuikov ◽  
A.I. Bondarev ◽  
L.P. Gulyanz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
High Water ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Preliminary Assessment ◽  
Coated Paper ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Paper Coatings ◽  
Nanofibrillar Cellulose ◽  
Coating Composition

The influence of nanofibrillar cellulose samples on the coating compositions water retention is considered. It was shown that gels of nanofibrillar cellulose and coating compositions based on them are distinguished by a high water-retention capacity during centrifugation (50.8% and 31.0% versus 17.7% with NaCMC). A preliminary assessment of the printing and technical properties of light weight coated paper (LWC) using nanofibrillar cellulose in the coating composition has been carried out. The technical characteristics of nanofibrillar cellulose have been determined, formulations of lightweight paper coatings have been developed for high-speed modern equipment.

Network swelling of TEMPO-oxidized nanocellulose

Holzforschung ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thad C. Maloney
Keyword(s):  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Nanofibrillated Cellulose ◽  
Pulp Fibers ◽  
Water Retention Value ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Feasible Method ◽  
Centrifugal Method ◽  
Solute Exclusion ◽  
Fiber Matrix

Abstract: This study examines the swelling of TEMPO-oxidized nanofibrillated cellulose (NFCTEMPO, shortly NFC) on both the particle and interparticle levels. The sum of the intraparticle and interparticle swelling is referred to as the network swelling. A centrifugal method, based on a modification of the water retention value test, was used to measure the network swelling of NFC, a pigment, and some pulp fibers. It was found that the network swelling of NFC is highly dependent on its concentration within a fiber matrix. The particle swelling of NFC and pulp fibers was analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and solute exclusion. The counterion for the NFC varied among the Na+, H+, and Ca2+ forms. The counterion has a very large effect on the particle and network swelling of NFC, with Ca2+ giving the lowest swelling and Na+ the highest swelling. An industrially feasible method for changing the counterion of NFC from the nominal Na+ to the Ca2+ form, and thus improving dewatering properties, is given.

scholarly journals Acrylate/Nanofibrillated Cellulose Nanocomposites and Their Use for Paper Coating

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad L. Hassan ◽  
Shaimaa M. Fadel ◽  
Enas A. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Moisture Sorption ◽  
Nanofibrillated Cellulose ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Thermomechanical Properties ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
Moderate Increase ◽  
Paper Coating ◽  
Acrylate Polymer

Nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) isolated from TEMPO-oxidized rice straw was used to improve thermal and tensile strength properties of acrylate polymer films. Acrylate/NFC mixture containing 15% NFC was used for paper coating, and properties of paper sheets including tensile strength, water absorption, and microscopic structure were investigated. The results showed that the presence of NFC in the acrylate matrix significantly improved tensile strength properties and thermomechanical properties of the acrylate polymer and caused moderate increase in its moisture sorption. The presence of NFC in acrylate emulsion caused significant increase in its viscosity. Paper sheets coated with different thin layers (from 0.2 to 6 microns) of acrylate/NFC showed improvement in tensile strength and decrease of water absorption.

The effect of MFC on the pressability and paper properties of TMP and GCC based sheets

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 388-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Collin Hii ◽  
Øyvind W. Gregersen ◽  
Gary Chinga-Carrasco ◽  
Øyvind Eriksen
Keyword(s):  
Strength Properties ◽  
Microfibrillated Cellulose ◽  
Thermomechanical Pulp ◽  
Paper Properties ◽  
Fibre Network ◽  
Air Resistance ◽  
Wet Pressing ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Ground Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract Different qualities of microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) were blended with thermomechanical pulp (TMP) and ground calcium carbonate (GCC) filler. The addition of MFC reduced the drainage of the pulp suspension but improved strength properties. Wet pressing experiments showed that optimal use of MFC and filler could enhance the strength and optical properties without reducing the solids content after wet pressing. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) revealed that MFC adsorbed onto and contributed to the bonding of the filler particles and fibres. The MFC binds the filler-MFC-fines aggregates to the fibre network and partially filled the pore network. As a result, MFC addition increased the air resistance and internal bonding of the sheet.

scholarly journals The Effect of a Polymer-Stabilized Latex Cobinder on the Optical and Strength Properties of Pigment Coating Layers

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 568
Author(s):  
Zhenghui Shen ◽  
Araz Rajabi-Abhari ◽  
Kyudeok Oh ◽  
Sooyoung Lee ◽  
Jiachuan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Coating Layer ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Porous Coating ◽  
Coated Paper ◽  
Pigment Coating ◽  
Surface Optical ◽  
Coating Layers ◽  
Coating Color ◽  
Polymer Stabilized

Coated paper with a porous coating layer may have enhanced light-scattering ability and thus favorable optical properties. However, the increased porosity of such a coating layer is likely to decrease the strength of the coated paper, thereby adversely affecting the quality of the paper in the printing and converting processes. In this research, polymer-stabilized (PS) latex was prepared and used as a cobinder for the pigment coating of the paper. The PS latex particles were colloidally stabilized by a 3:1 mixture of starch and polyvinyl alcohol. The influence of the PS latex cobinder on the viscosity, sedimentation, and consolidation of coating colors was investigated. In addition, the effect of the cobinder on the properties of coating layers, namely, their porosity and surface, optical, and tensile properties, was examined. The results revealed that the PS latex cobinder formed microstructures in the coating colors and affected their viscosity. The addition of PS latex also led to enhanced interactions between coating color components, which affected the consolidation of the coating color, resulting in the formation of dried coating layers with greater porosity and improved optical properties (i.e., higher brightness and opacity) relative to coatings without the PS latex cobinder. Furthermore, the addition of PS latex improved the tensile strength of the coating layers, which was attributable to the small size and the polymeric protective shell of the cobinder particles. Thus, these results show that this PS latex cobinder has the potential to be used for the production of high-quality coated paper products.

scholarly journals Towards a better understanding of hot-mixed mortars for the conservation of historic buildings: the role of water temperature and steam during lime slaking

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Pesce ◽  
Martha C. Godina ◽  
Alison Henry ◽  
Giovanni Pesce
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Mineralogical Characteristics ◽  
Slaked Lime ◽  
Lime Mortars ◽  
Restoration Work ◽  
Material Evidence

AbstractAccording to various historic accounts and material evidence, the practice of producing lime mortars by mixing the quicklime with the sand (i.e. hot-mixing) before first slaking it with water was much more common in the past centuries than appreciated by most contemporary academics, conservation professionals and craftsmen. However, in the last 10 years, there has been resurgence in interest in hot-mixing. In such systems, the steam developed during the mixing is supposed to be crucial in determining the superior characteristics of the mortars, but in-depth investigations on the role of steam in hot-mixing are very few. This study reports the results of some experimental work investigating the effects of water temperature and steam used for lime slaking on the characteristics of lime and related mortars. In these tests, calcic quicklime was slaked in water at 20 and 75 °C, and with steam at 90 °C. Microstructure and mineralogical characteristics of the hydrates were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Mortars produced with these limes were tested for fresh (water retention and flowability) and hardened (compressive and flexural strength) properties. Carbonation was assessed using SEM, XRD and phenolphthalein tests. Results show that steam-slaked lime is characterised by portlandite crystals with smaller crystallite size and significantly different microstructure compared to that of water-slaked lime. Results also show that mortars made with steam-slaked lime have higher water retention and flowability than the mortars produced with water-slaked lime. Under conditions of comparatively low relative humidity (c 40–50%), carbonation is slower in the steam-slaked lime mortar due to the lower water content compared to water-slaked lime mortars. Overall, these results confirm anecdotal reports of better workability and water retention and suggest that this production technology, which is only rarely used nowadays, can produce mortars with improved characteristics, and provide a means by which to match the performance of some historic mortars, and create compatible materials for conservation and restoration work.

scholarly journals Reinforcement potential of modified nanofibrillated cellulose in recycled paper production

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 911-941
Author(s):  
Ayhan Tozluoğlu ◽  
Hakan Fidan ◽  
Ahmet Tutuş ◽  
Recai Arslan ◽  
Selva Sertkaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibrils ◽  
Nanofibrillated Cellulose ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Recycled Paper ◽  
Drainage Rate ◽  
Recycled Pulp ◽  
Mechanical And Physical Properties

The influence of nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) was investigated as a reinforcing agent to improve strength properties of papersheets fabricated from recycled pulp fibers of mixtures of old newspapers, old magazines, and old corrugated cardboards. To determine the effects of the NFC on the mechanical and physical properties of the recycled pulp papers, cellulose nanofibrils (NFC) were isolated from wheat straw, pretreated chemically and enzymatically (NFC-OX), and then added to the bulk suspensions of papermaking pulp slurries at various percentages. The electrokinetic and drainage properties of the pulps and the mechanical and physical properties of the papersheets were analyzed and compared. As expected, the addition of NFC/NFC-OX significantly increased the strength properties of papers. Papers containing 4% of NFC-OX (periodate pretreated) presented higher increases in tensile index (43%) and burst index (59.3%) than other papers. However, a high addition of NFC/NFC-OX increased the water retention, which is undesirable for papermaking. Hence, with optimum selection of NFC/NFC-OX and process conditions, higher mechanical properties could be acquired without increasing drainage rate. Compared to the other pretreated NFC/NFC-OX types, sodium-periodate-oxidized NFC-OX samples significantly increased the mechanical properties of the papers fabricated from the recycled pulps.

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