scholarly journals Physical and societal statistics for a century of snow-avalanche hazards on Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands (1910–2010)

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (221) ◽  
pp. 409-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgeny A. Podolskiy ◽  
Kaoru Izumi ◽  
Vladimir E. Suchkov ◽  
Nicolas Eckert
Keyword(s):  
Kuril Islands ◽  
Snow Avalanche ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Continuous Record ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Kuril Islands ◽  
Analyze Data

AbstractThe analysis of historical avalanche data is important when developing accurate hazard maps. The record of snow-avalanche disasters on Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands is incomplete, due to the historical division into periods of Japanese and Russian rule. Here we combine and analyze data from Japanese and Russian sources to reconstruct a continuous record of avalanche catastrophes in the region from 1910 to 2010. Despite the relatively small scale of the majority of catastrophic avalanches, with a total vertical drop < 200 m, we document evidence that places the region among the most avalanche-affected areas in the world. In total, 756 fatalities and > 238 injuries have occurred in 275 incidents over a 100 year period (two-thirds of those killed were Japanese). This death toll is higher than that in Canada, New Zealand or Iceland, or non-recreational fatalities in France. A wave of avalanche disasters (1930s–60s) following intense colonization of Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands is evident. Although this ‘wave’ could be considered a local issue of the past, many presently developing countries may face similar situations. The fatality rate has decreased over time, due to social factors, and differs from that of any other region, in its absence of deaths through recreational activities. Although in recent years the fatality rate is lower than that of Iceland or the USA, the per capita avalanche casualty rate on Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands remains among the highest in the world.

Experience and Plans for Rationalization of Small-Scale Fisheries in India

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 2172-2177
Author(s):  
P. C. George
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Fishing Industry ◽  
Small Scale Fisheries ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Fishing Capacity ◽  
Small Craft

Small-scale fisheries have traditionally been the backbone of the fishing industry all over the world. Although large-scale mechanized fishing has come into the limelight recently, even such countries as have developed substantial capability in this direction still have a large fleet of small boats in coastal areas. The landings of this sector of the industry are always substantial, and in many countries they still dominate the picture. In India, small-scale fisheries landed almost 1.15 million tons in 1971. This figure has been increasing as motor-powered small craft have increased in numbers, although 70% of marine fish is still caught from nonpowered boats. Measures taken to increase fishing capacity, landings, and net fishermen’s income over the past 10 years include various kinds of loans and subsidies for the purchase of boats, motors, and nets; assistance for the construction of ponds in inland areas; organization of cooperatives; training programs for fishermen and supporting personnel, especially motor repairmen (with the cooperation of Norway); and gear and vessel research including pilot-scale demonstrations with new types of vessels and equipment.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF CHRONIC DISEASES ON THE MANIFESTATION OF COVID-19 INFECTION

2021 ◽  
pp. 126-132
Author(s):  
S. O. Yastremska ◽  
O. M. Krekhovska-Lepiavko ◽  
B. A. Lokay ◽  
O. V. Bushtynska ◽  
S. V. Danchak
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
The World ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
One Year ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Summary. The first known case of infection from the novel coronavirus was recorded almost one year ago, in China’s Hubei province. The city of Wuhan was infamous the world over as the original virus epicenter, seeing more than half of China’s reported cases and deaths. The outbreak of COVID-19 virus, as sickened more than 14.7 million people. At least 610.200 people have died. The aim of the study – to analyze and systematize the literature data about the influence of chronic diseases on the manifestation of COVID-19 infection. Materials and Methods. The study uses publications of the world scientific literature on COVID-19 infection, in particular the causes and mechanisms of its development, treatment, complications and its consequences as well as the influence of different chronic disorders on the course of COVID-19. Results. A sample of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 across 14 states of the USA in March was analyzed by The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. It was found that many (89 %) had underlying health problem and 94 % of patients were at the age 65 and older. The case fatality rate for those under age 60 was 1.4 percent. For those over age 60, the fatality rate jumps to 4.5 percent. The older the population, the higher the fatality rate. For those 80 and over, Covid-19 appears to have a 13.4 percent fatality rate. Moreover, it was recognized, that older adults don't present in a typical way of the course of different disorders, and we're seeing that with Covid-19 as well. Conclusions. Chronic diseases and conditions are on the rise worldwide. COVID-19 became the most challenging pandemic influencing all countries worldwide. Chronic diseases are suggested to be one of the main causes of different life-threatening complications of COVID-19 infection and one of the main factors of poor prognosis for the patients.

scholarly journals Incidence of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: An epidemiological study

1994 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 61-64
Author(s):  
Ye. V. Trofimenko ◽  
N. B. Lebedev ◽  
N. V. Gubanov ◽  
Ye. N. Zlobina ◽  
I. I. Dedov
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Insulin Dependent ◽  
Therapeutic Measures

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is one of the most important problems of our time. This disease plays a significant role in the structure of chronic childhood pathology, leads to severe complications that invalidate a person, and significantly increases mortality at a young age. The study of the incidence of T1DM (the number of new cases of T1DM in a certain population within 1 year) allows you to get answers to a number of questions on its etiology and pathogenesis, to solve the problems of the need to allocate material resources for the organization of preventive and therapeutic measures. Information on the incidence of T1DM in the world applies in most cases to people under the age of 15 years, data for the age group up to 1820 years of age are less common. Epidemiological studies in various countries show an increase in the incidence of T1DM in children. This is shown by the example of Norway, the USA, Finland, Denmark from the 20s of our century, England - from the 50s and other countries over the past 20 years. It is possible to reliably distinguish a true increase in the incidence from an improvement in the detection of diabetes only on the basis of standardized epidemiological studies for certain periods of time. Many countries have compiled national childhood diabetes registries. Thus, in a number of countries standardized information on sex and age was obtained on the incidence of children with T1DM for at least 10 years, divided into 5-year periods. According to these data, the incidence rate has increased in the vast majority of countries over the past 10-20 years. It is noteworthy that the change, namely, an increase in the incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children, is uneven. In some regions of the world, this indicator remained virtually unchanged over fairly long periods of time.

Responsibility

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Keith Dowding
Keyword(s):  
Moral Responsibility ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Healthy Food ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Responsibility Of Government ◽  
The Usa

Gun crime in the USA is wildly out of line with other nations. Obesity has taken off as a growing problem around the world in the past forty years. Homelessness is increasing, whilst the average age of home owners is rising. Governments tell their citizens that they ought to eat healthy food, tell the young to get good jobs to buy houses, and blame the bad guys for gun crime. In all cases, the problem lies with government regulation and government policy. This chapter looks at how governments blame citizens for failures which are caused by government. They have been encouraged by political philosophers who concentrate upon individual moral responsibility, freedom and autonomy, whilst ignoring the fact that governments no longer seem to want to legislate for the welfare of their citizens. This chapter sets up the argument of the book. Individuals are responsible for the choices they can reasonably make given the menu of opportunities available to them. That menu is the responsibility of government – and the menu is poor fare.

Evolution of the Structure of the American Economy

2005 ◽  
pp. 84-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Porokhovsky
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
American Economy

The author pays special attention to the USA leading positions in the world economy. The basic significance of traditional industries, first of all manufacturing, in the structure of the American economy and its evolution are underlined. The article analyzes in detail the increasing role of services including finance. Information technologies create new economic structure and new quality of economic growth. A reader learns from the article about sustainable reproduction role of business cycle in the past and present.

African Girls' Samplers from Mission Schools in Sierra Leone (1820s to 1840s)

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 189-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silke Strickrodt
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Museum Collections ◽  
Source Criticism ◽  
Mission Schools ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
British Colony ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Insight Into

In an article in this journal almost fifteen years ago, Colleen Kriger discussed the reluctance of historians of Africa to use objects as sources in their research. She pointed to the rich reservoir of objects “made by African hands” in museum collections around the world, which lies virtually untapped by historians. However, she also noted that while objects are “unusually eloquent remnants from the past,” they are problematic sources, presenting “special difficulties in evaluation and interpretation.”The purpose of this article is to draw attention to the existence of a number of embroidery samplers that were stitched by African girls in mission schools in the British colony of Sierra Leone in the period from the 1820s to the 1840s. So far, I have found thirteen of these samplers, which are preserved in a number of archival, private and museum collections in Europe and the USA. To historians, these pieces of needlework are of interest because they were generated by a group of people for whom we do not usually have first-hand documentary material. Moreover, they represent the direct material traces of the activity of the girls who made them, and thus appear to offer the possibility of an emphatic insight into their experience.However, these “textile documents” present serious problems of interpretation. What exactly can they be expected to tell the modern historian? In particular, how far, in fact, do they express the perspectives of the African girls who made them, as distinct from the European missionaries who directed their work? Careful source criticism and an examination of the purpose for which they were produced will help to clarify these issues.

scholarly journals Proton tomography through deeply virtual Compton scattering

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-223
Author(s):  
Xiangdong Ji
Keyword(s):  
Compton Scattering ◽  
Nuclear Physics ◽  
Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering ◽  
Virtual Compton Scattering ◽  
Great Honor ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Experimental Tool ◽  
The Usa ◽  
American Physical

Abstract In this prize talk, I recall some of the history surrounding the discovery of deeply virtual Compton scattering, and explain why it is an exciting experimental tool to obtain novel tomographic pictures of the nucleons at Jefferson Lab 12 GeV facility and the planned Electron-Ion Collider in the USA. It is certainly a great honor to have received the 2016 Herman Feshbach Prize in theoretical nuclear physics by the American Physical Society. I sincerely thank my colleagues in the Division of Nuclear Physics to recognize the importance of some of the theoretical works I have done in the past, particularly their relevance to the experimental programs around the world.

scholarly journals Egypt's COVID-19 Recent Happenings and Perspectives: A Mini-Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
AbdulRahman A. Saied ◽  
Asmaa A. Metwally ◽  
Norah Abdullah Bazekh Madkhali ◽  
Shafiul Haque ◽  
Kuldeep Dhama
Keyword(s):  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Health Concerns ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Egyptian Government ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
And Control

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has affected countries across the world. While the zoonotic aspects of SARS-CoV-2 are still under investigation, bats and pangolins are currently cited as the animal origin of the virus. Several types of vaccines against COVID-19 have been developed and are being used in vaccination drives across the world. A number of countries are experiencing second and third waves of the pandemic, which have claimed nearly four million lives out of the 180 million people infected globally as of June 2021. The emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants and mutants are posing high public health concerns owing to their rapid transmissibility, higher severity, and in some cases, ability to infect vaccinated people (vaccine breakthrough). Here in this mini-review, we specifically looked at the efforts and actions of the Egyptian government to slow down and control the spread of COVID-19. We also review the COVID-19 statistics in Egypt and the possible reasons behind the low prevalence and high case fatality rate (CFR%), comparing Egypt COVID-19 statistics with China (the epicenter of COVID-19 pandemic) and the USA, Brazil, India, Italy, and France (the first countries in which the numbers of patients infected with COVID-19). Additionally, we have summarized the SARS-CoV-2 variants, vaccines used in Egypt, and the use of medicinal plants as preventive and curative options.

scholarly journals The world after September 11, 2001: Challenges to the churches, and their leaders

2002 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 601-607
Author(s):  
M. Dandala
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
September 11 ◽  
Church Leaders ◽  
Methodist Church ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
University Of Pretoria ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
American Nation

Bishop Mvume Dandala, presiding bishop of the Methodist Church in South Africa and extra-ordinary professor in the Faculty of Theology, University of Pretoria, was asked to lead an international delegation of Church leaders to the USA in the wake of September 11, 2001. In his article he tells about the experience of church leaders from a number of countries that suffered trauma and violence in the past, pastoring to leaders and congregant’s in the USA, after the tragic events that shook the American nation. He reflects on the different challenges to Churches and their leaders, that await us in a time of trouble and tribulation: (i) to strive for universal peace; (ii) for churches to find a common voice in their struggle against injustices; and (iii) to communicate the imperatives of the gospel meaningfully to the people of the world.

scholarly journals Style Dominants of Didar Amantay Prose

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 475-481
Author(s):  
Almira K. Kalieva
Keyword(s):  
Information Technologies ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
Essay Writing ◽  
Web Resources ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Internet Portals ◽  
The City ◽  
Intensive Development

The intensive development of information technologies, web resources and literature, Internet portals and Internet publications dictate the demand for small-scale prose genres. New literary trends are reflected in Kazakh national prose in the books of the writer, publicist, screenwriter Didar Amantay. The ecology of consciousness, the modern life of the city, the philosophical issues of life are the current topics of his prose and essay writing. As a representative of postmodernism and poststructuralism, Amantay combines elements of different styles and trends of the past in his work, often with an ironic effect, develops a philosophical direction and a critical analysis of culture and society. A characteristic feature of his style of narration is that the writer freely moves from the comparison of images and motives in the national literatures of the world to the analysis of the Kazakh one, addressing his works of art to an exquisite, intellectual reader.

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