scholarly journals Recent trends in fish feed ingredients – mini review

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norbert Révész ◽  
Janka Biró
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Circulation ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Terrestrial Plants ◽  
Farmed Fish ◽  
Complete Replacement ◽  
Feed Ingredients ◽  
Nutrient Utilisation ◽  
Recent Trends

Fish farming is commonly described as being extensive, semi-intensive or intensive. The continuous growing of aquaculture sector (around 8 % per year) led systems to be more and more intensive. In intensive farming, the fish are kept at high stocking density, that’s why the fish are dependent on the feed provided. Last decades aquaculture became more and more effective, but it has not been without concern for natural resource use, environmental impact and social judgement. Increasing fishmeal (FM) cost, irregular supply, decreasing availability, and poor quality of FM have put forward highlighting on its partial or complete substitution with other alternative protein sources. The fish feed industry has to be very responsible about to use FM alternatives. Scientists have to share on this burden to achieve sustainable, cost-effective aims. Indicators of sustainability in aquaculture could be energy efficiency, use of water, nutrient utilisation efficiency and production costs. The climate change is also affecting the sector, such as the predicted changes in ocean circulation pattern might also have a negative influence on the reliability of small pelagic stocks that being utilized for FM production or the appearance of mycotoxins on terrestrial plants, what could be possible alternative ingredients. The increase of the amount of non-marine ingredients in feeds is the result of years of investment and research in feed formulation to provide the nutrients the fish need to growth and remain healthy. Significant progress has been made over the past decade in reducing levels of FM in commercial feeds for farmed fish. Common obstacles associated with consumption of plant-based protein diets, because many times we face the facts with amino acid imbalances and deficiencies, high levels of indigestible carbohydrates present in certain grain products, and varying antinutritive factors (ANFs) that negatively affect fish growth and health. In this study the recent trends in alternative fish feed ingredients had been reviewed shortly. In conclusion, complete replacement of fishmeal in fish feeds is more difficult and will require further research efforts to achieve the expected goals, but there are many auspicious alternatives.

scholarly journals Contemporary issues in fisheries and aquaculture: a review on non – conventional feed ingredients for fish feed in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
R. Audu ◽  
I.A. Yola
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Feed Ingredients ◽  
Fiber Protein ◽  
Brewery Wastes ◽  
Animal Consumption

In Africa, Nigeria offers the largest market for fisheries products. Fish culture is gaining importance in Nigeria as locally available raw materials such as yam, plantain, banana, cowpeas, mucuna, maize, cassava, millet, sorghum, groundnut, sunhemp seed and brewery wastes are considered as potential materials for fish feed. Non–conventional feeds are locally available feedstuff which are not standardized and the usage is not widely-spread. In most cases, they are not consumed by man. Sadly, Nigerian economy had depended on imported feedstuffs to supplement the domestic conventional feedstuffs, however, the country is currently looking into a way of improving local feedstuffs production to minimize importation. In Fisheries and Aquaculture, there are many contemporary issues but this paper focuses on the use of non–conventional feed ingredients like Typha flour in fish feed. Several parts of Typha are edible including the rhizome. Research has shown that the plant is rich in energy, carbohydrates, sugars, dietary fiber, protein, vitamins, minerals and water. The competition for the conventional feed ingredients for human and animal consumption has resulted in significant price escalations hence the need for on-going research on alternativeingredients for use in aquafeed. Thus, great attention is given to the production of effective and cheap feed that will benefit fish farmers in Africa because fish feed is very important. Despite the fact that several studies have been done in Nigeria to replace fishmeal with other proteins of plant & animal origin but the results have been range from poor to very good in terms of fish growth and fish conversion efficiency.

scholarly journals Pemberian probiotik pada pakan komersil dengan protein yang berbeda terhadap kinerja ikan lele (Clarias sp.) menggunakan sistem bioflok

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Salamah Salamah ◽  
Zulpikar Zulpikar
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Feed Costs

Dalam usaha budidaya ikan, pakan merupakan salah satu faktor yang menentukan keberhasilan dalam budidaya. Selain itu pakan juga memberikan kontribusi yang besar terhadap biaya mencapai 60-70% dari biaya produksi. Berdasarkan hal tersebut perlu dilakukan teknik untuk meningkatkan kadar protein dari pakan, salah satunya dengan cara fermentasi. Selanjutnya limbah dari pakan juga merupakan suatu kendala dalam usaha budidaya. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut perlu dilakukan terobosan dalam sistem budidaya, salah satunya dengan menggunakan system bioflok dengan memanfaatkan bakteri heterotrofik. Selain memperbaiki kualitas air, bioflok juga menyediakan pakan secara insitu, sehingga mampu mengurangi biaya pakan dengan meningkatkan nilai efesiensi pakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis aplikasi pakan berprotein terfermentasi terhadap pertumbuhan dan konversi pakan ikan lele (Clarias sp.) menggunakan sistem bioflok. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan ditempat pembudidayaan lele di desa mesjid punteut dengan menggunakan metode Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan mengaplikasikan 3 perlakuan dan 3 kali ulangan sehingga diperoleh 9 satuan percobaan. Parameter yang diamati dalam penelitian ini meliputi laju pertumbuhan ikan, kelangsungan hidup dan efesiensi pakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian probiotik pada pakan memberikan hasil terbaik terhadap laju pertumbuhan ikan 4.95%, tingkat kelangsungan hidup 97.77% dan efesiensi pakan 98.86%.Kata kunci: bioflok; ikan lele; kinerja; probiotik In aquaculture, fish feed is one of the factors that determine success in aquaculture. Besides, the feed also contributes significantly to costs reaching 60-70% of production costs. Based on this, it is necessary to use techniques to increase the protein of the feed; one of them is by fermentation. In addition, waste from the feed is also a problem in the aquaculture business. To overcome these problems, it is necessary to make a breakthrough in the aquaculture system, one of these is using a biofloc system by utilizing heterotrophic bacteria. Besides improving water quality, biofloc also provides in situ feed, so it would reduce feed costs by increasing the value of feed efficiency. This study aims to analyze the application of fermented protein feed on growth and feed conversion of catfish (Clarias sp.) using the biofloc system. This research was carried out in the catfish culture at punteut mosque village using the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) method by applying three treatments and three replications to obtain nine experimental units. Parameters observed in this study include fish growth rate, survival and feed efficiency. The results showed that the administration of probiotics in feed gives the best results on fish growth rate of 4.95%, survival rate of 97.77% and feed efficiency of 98.86%.Keywords: biofloc; catfish; performance; probiotics

scholarly journals Analisis Pendapatan dan Pemasaran Pekebak Ikan (Pelet Keong Bakau Pakan Ikan) di Kota Langsa

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-121
Author(s):  
Rini Mastuti ◽  
Sorbakti Sinaga ◽  
Agustinus Sinaga ◽  
Derri Irawan ◽  
Mustika Purba
Keyword(s):  
Eating Habits ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Aquatic Organism ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
A Value ◽  
Feed Pellets ◽  
High Feed ◽  
Mangrove Snail

Pellets are a source of energy intake made by humans with certain compositions needed according to an aquatic organism. The need for artificial feed (pellets) will greatly support the success of cultivation. A good pellet will produce fast fish growth so the production costs are not too high. Feed on a fish is not the same because it must be adapted to the type of commodity and its eating habits. Good food is a food that has high protein and is easily obtained. One of them is mangrove snails (T. telescopium). Kuala Langsa is a village located in the city of Langsa which is directly adjacent to the Malacca Strait so that in this area mangroves are found. The advantage of this pellet is that it is easy to find mangrove snail base material and its availability is abundant so that later the price will be cheaper with higher quality protein content compared to the pellets available on the market. The benefits of making this pellet are: (1). The creation of quality fish feed pellets, as an alternative to fish feed. (2). As an application of the science of fish feed from college, and (3). As an application of entrepreneurship science, to hone skills and soft skills entrepreneurs, so that they are ready to become independent entrepreneurs when they graduate. This pellet has a value of R / C ratio of 1.33, which means that every capital issued in the amount of Rp. 100.00 will get an income of Rp. 137.00. Thus, the fish pellet feed business is feasible to be developed.

scholarly journals Molecular Analyses of Salmonellaenterica Isolates from Fish Feed Factories and Fish Feed Ingredients

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 1075-1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Live L. Nesse ◽  
Kerstin Nordby ◽  
Even Heir ◽  
Bjarne Bergsjoe ◽  
Traute Vardund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Plasmid Profile ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
Feed Ingredients ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Salmonella Serovars

ABSTRACT Isolates of the most commonly observed salmonella serovars in Norwegian fish feed factories from 1998 to 2000 (Salmonella enterica serovar Agona, S. enterica serovar Montevideo, S. enterica serovar Senftenberg, and S. enterica serovar Kentucky) were studied by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and plasmid profile analysis and compared to isolates of the same serovars from fish feed ingredients, humans, and other sources (a total of 112 isolates). Within each serovar, a variety of distinct PFGE types (with similarity levels less than 90%) were observed in the feed ingredients and other sources, while only two distinct types of each serovar were identified in the factories. The combined results of PFGE and plasmid analyses showed that each factory harbored only a few S. enterica clones. Some of these clones persisted for at least 3 years in the factories, indicating that there was long-lasting contamination probably due to inadequate decontamination procedures.

scholarly journals PERTUMBUHAN DAN SINTASAN HIDUP IKAN NILA DENGAN PENAMBAHAN TEPUNG WORI (Ormocarpum cochinchinense) FERMENTASI DALAM PAKAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Numisye Iske Mose ◽  
Jetti Treslah Saselah
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Specific Growth Rate ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Feed Utilization Efficiency

Tanaman wori merupakan salah satu tanaman kelompok fabaceace yang tumbuh melimpah di Sangihe dan sangat potensial digunakan sebagai salah satu sumber pakan ikan. Kadar protein daun wori adalah 25,53% sehingga berpotensi menjadi protein nabati bagi ikan. Kendala utama yang ditemui ketika memanfaatkan daun tanaman wori adalah kandungan karbohidrat yang tinggi yaitu 48,51% sehingga dapat mempengaruhi proses pencernaan ikan, penyerapan nutrisi yang berujung pada rendahnya pertumbuhan ikan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh tepung daun wori femerntasi terhadap laju pertumbuhan spesifik dan sintasan hidup ikan nila. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Perlakuan yang dilakukan terdiri dari tiga perlakuan dan tiga kali ulangan yaitu kadar tepung daun wori tanpa fermentasi A (kontrol) 10%, kemudian B tepung daun wori fermentasi (10%), dan C tepung daun wori fermentasi (20%). Laju pertumbuhan spesifik dan efisiensi pakan diuji menggunakan ANOVA sedangkan sintasan hidup akan dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa penambahan tepung wori fermenasi dalam pakan dapat meningkatkan nilai laju pertumbuhan spesfik ikan nila dan efisiensi pemanfaatan pakan dengan nilai tertinggi pada perlakuan C yaitu SGR 1,94%/hari. Sementara itu, untuk semua perlakuan nilai sintasan hidup sebesar 100%.   The wori plant is one of the plants of the fabaceace group that grows abundantly in Sangihe and has potential to be used as a source of fish feed. The protein content of wori leaves is 25.53%, so it has the potential to become vegetable protein for fish. The main obstacle encountered when utilizing wori plant leaves is the high carbohydrate content of 48.51% so that it can affect the digestion process of fish, nutrient absorption which lead to low fish growth. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of wori femerntation leaf meal on the specific growth rate and survival of tilapia. The experimental design used was a completely randomized design (CRD). The treatments consisted of three treatments and three replications, namely the content of fermented wori leaf powder, A (control) 10%, then B fermented wori leaf powder (10%), and C fermented wori leaf powder (20%). Specific growth rate and feed efficiency were tested using ANOVA, while survival rate was analyzed descriptively. The results of this study indicate that the addition of fermented wori powder in the feed can increase the value of the specific growth rate of tilapia and feed utilization efficiency with the highest value in treatment C, namely SGR 1.94% / day. Meanwhile, for all treatments the survival rate was 100%.

scholarly journals Using tuna fish bone waste as mineral sources in feed formulation of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 890 (1) ◽  
pp. 012026
Author(s):  
A Syazili ◽  
K Ahmad ◽  
I Umakaapa
Keyword(s):  
Fish Bone ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Fish Diet ◽  
Tuna Fish ◽  
Feed Formulation ◽  
Bone Powder ◽  
Bone Fraction ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus

Abstract Fish bone is a solid waste that usually found in traditional fish markets of Ternate. The bone fraction contains high minerals such as calcium, phosphorus, and collagen proteins which are important for fish growth. Tuna fish bone waste was processed into dry fish feed and mixed into feed formulation of Tilapia. Four different dose of tuna fish bone powder were applied namely 0%, 1%, 3%, and 5% as mentioned treatment A, B, C, and D. Fish diet were given to Tilapia juvenile for 42 days. Results show that the body weight and specific growth rate are highest in fish which given 3% dose of tuna fish bone than other treatments. It reaches 38.66 g and 9.617% BW/day. The lowest FCR is 1.34 in treatment C and the survival rate is not significantly different among treatments (p>0.05).

Potentiality of new feed ingredients for aquaculture: A review

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.N. Paul ◽  
P. Singh ◽  
S.S. Giri
Keyword(s):  
Fish Nutrition ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Short Supply ◽  
Feed Ingredients ◽  
Agricultural Plant ◽  
Supplemental Feed ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Alternative Protein ◽  
Continuous Demand

The continuous demand for alternative protein sources for fish due to its short supply, high prices and competition with the human food. A review of unconventional feeds in fish nutrition was carried out to provide information on supplemental feed for effective Aquaculture. Non-conventional dietary energy and protein sources,especially from plant origin can be used to replace expensive protein sources. There is a continuous demand for alternative protein sources for fish due to short supply, cereals and oilseed mealsfor sustainable aquaculture production. The solid waste materials like distillers dried grain soluble, breweries waste, ghee residue and agricultural plant materials like jute, leucaena, moringa, cassava, rain tree and spirulina can find a place in formulation of aquafeed as one of the inexpensive feed ingredients. The non-conventional feed ingredients to be incorporated in fish feed up to recommended levels.

Genetically modified plants as fish feed ingredients

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 563-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nini Hedberg Sissener ◽  
Monica Sanden ◽  
Åshild Krogdahl ◽  
Anne-Marie Bakke ◽  
Lene Elisabeth Johannessen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Unintended Effects ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Feed Ingredients ◽  
Current State ◽  
Gm Plants ◽  
Fish Feeds ◽  
Novel Protein

Genetically modified (GM) plants were first grown commercially more than 20 years ago, but their use is still controversial in some parts of the world. Many GM plant varieties are produced in large quantities globally and are approved for use in fish feeds both in Norway and the European Union. European consumers, however, are skeptical to fish produced by means of GM feed ingredients. Concerns have been raised regarding the safety of GM plants, including potential toxicity and (or) allergenicity of the novel protein, potential unintended effects, and risk of horizontal gene transfer to other species. This review will present the current state of knowledge regarding GM plants as fish feed ingredients, focusing on fish performance and health as well as the fate of the GM DNA fragments in the fish, identifying limitations of the current work and areas where further research is needed.

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