scholarly journals PENETAPAN NILAI KALORI DALAM BATUBARA DENGAN KALORIMETER PARR 6200

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Finda Pratiwi Istomo ◽  
Ameylia Tristiasti
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Cement Factory ◽  
Coal Mixture

Determining Calory Value of Coal With Calorimeter Parr 6200 Coal is a source of energy utilized by the process of making cement. This type of coal determines the quality and calorific value of the coal. Determination of calorific value on coal is done by using calorimeter. Coal types studied were A and B coal mixture with ratio 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, and 50:50. The results showed that the mixture of A and B coal with a ratio of 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, and 50:50 can be used for combustion in the manufacture of cement in the furnace because it has a calorific value above 6000 in accordance with the standards of the cement factory . Water content affects the calorific value of coal, the higher of moisture content, the lower the heating value.Keywords: Coal, Calorimeter, Heat valueABSTRAK Batubara merupakan sumber energi yang dimanfaatkan oleh proses pembuatan semen. Jenis batubara menentukan kualitas dan nilai kalor dari batubara tersebut. Penentuan nilai kalor pada batu bara dilakukan dengan menggunakan kalorimeter. Jenis batubara yang diteliti yaitu Campuran batubara A dan B dengan perbandingan 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, dan 50:50. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa campuran batubara A dan B dengan perbandingan 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, dan 50:50 dapat digunakan untuk pembakaran dalam pembuatan semen di tanur bakar karena memiliki nilai kalori diatas 6000 sesuai dengan standar perusahan pabrik semen. Kadar air mempengaruhi nilai kalori batubara, yaitu semakin tinggi kadar air semakin rendah nilai kalor.Kata Kunci: Batu Bara, Kalorimeter, nilai kalor

scholarly journals KARAKTERISTIK DAN SKRINING FITOKIMIA EKSTRAK ETANOL 70% BATANG KEPUH (Sterculia foetida L.)

Jurnal Kimia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
N. P. S. E. Cahyani ◽  
J. Susiarni ◽  
K. C.S. Dewi ◽  
N. L.P. Melyandari ◽  
K. W.A. Putra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Residual Solvent ◽  
Solvent Content ◽  
Residual Content ◽  
Ethanol Level ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Kepuh (Sterculia foetida L) is a type of kapok plant that has been scientifically proven to have activity as an anti-inflammatory and analgesic. 70% ethanol extract of stem stem is obtained by maceration using 70% ethanol. Examination of the characteristics of 70% ethanol extract of kepuh stem included organoleptic, of moisture content and determination of residual solvent content. Phytochemical screening of 70% ethanol extract of kepuh bark includes: alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, tannin , polyphenol, and examination of glycosides. The results of the examination of the characteristics of 70% ethanol extract of kepuh stem obtained water content of 8.66 ± 0.748%, the residual content of the solvent had a 0 (zero) ethanol level. The results of phytochemical screening showed 70% ethanol extract of stem stem containing steroid compounds, triterpenoids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins and polyphenols. The identification using UV-Vis spectrophotometry produced ? 212, the absorbance was 1.8601 and ? 284, the absorbance was 0.42186.

DETERMINATION OF THE CALORIFIC VALUE AND MOISTURE CONTENT OF CRUSHED OIL SHALE BY LIBS

Oil Shale ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 339 ◽  
Author(s):  
M AINTS ◽  
P PARIS ◽  
I TUFAIL ◽  
I JÕGI ◽  
H AOSAAR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Oil Shale ◽  
Calorific Value

scholarly journals Evaluating Marine Debris Trends and the Potential of Incineration in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Southern Bali, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 190
Author(s):  
I Wayan Koko Suryawan ◽  
Ariyanti Sarwono ◽  
Iva Yenis Septiariva ◽  
Chun-Hung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Marine Debris ◽  
Caloric Value ◽  
Global Environmental Issue ◽  
Natural Beauty

Highlight Research:The potential calorific value of marine debris obtained from calculating the total waste is 12.05 MJ/kg, which still falls within the incinerator application's standard criteria. AbstractMarine debris, a global environmental issue today, is a major threat to Bali’s seas which are famous for its natural beauty and aggravated by the spread of COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of marine debris in Bali Island, especially in the southern region and to analyze the feasibility of incineration as one of the waste treatment processes. This research was conducted by utilizing secondary data and literature reviews from related previous studies. Water content and caloric value were measured directly using the ASTM E 790-15 and ASTM D 5865-11a standards. Marine debris generation from 2013 to 2019 tends to decrease from 1.22 kg/km.day to 0.46 kg/km.day. Organic waste (59.4%) comprised the largest marine debris followed by plastic waste (13.4%) and diapers (11.9%). Thermal technology such as incineration can be introduced to treat marine debris. The standard application of incinerator technology is moisture content and caloric value. The water content of marine debris is reportedly 54.56%, therefore, further preliminary processing is needed, especially for waste with high moisture content, such as diapers and organic waste. The potential calorific value of marine debris during the COVID-19 pandemic obtained from calculating the total waste was 12.05 MJ/kg which still did not meet the incinerator application's standard criteria.

scholarly journals Pengolahan Sampah Organik dan Limbah Biomassa dengan Teknologi Olah Sampah di Sumbernya

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Made Indradjaja M. Brunner ◽  
Arief Norhidayat ◽  
Satria M. Brunner
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Waste Processing ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Aerobic Activity ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Biomass Pellet

Solid Waste Processing Technology at the Source (TOSS) is an alternative method in processing organic and biomass waste on a communal scale. The processing of organic and biomass waste material is carried out in three stages of the process: biodrying which utilizes the aerobic activity of microorganisms; chopping which is intended to refine the material, and pelletization to compact the material into biomass pellets. The biodrying process in bamboo boxes is able to reduce the water content in organic and biomass waste within 4-5 days. Sorting of non-organic materials can be done at an early stage before or after the biodrying process. Sorting is required before chopping and pelletizing process to avoid unnecessary machine break down. The biomass pellet which is the final product has a diameter of about 10 mm with a length between 10-40 mm, a calorific value between 3000-4000 kcal/kg, and a moisture content of up to 15%. Compared to coal, biomass pellets tend to have higher volatile and ash content, while lower ash and sulfur content.

scholarly journals Mechanical Dewatering and Thermal Drying Characteristics of Pulp Mill Sludge Cake

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Prawiranto ◽  
Syamsudin ◽  
Herri Susanto
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Initial Water Content ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Coal Powder ◽  
Thermal Drying ◽  
Sludge Cake

Sludge cake is a type of solid waste in pulp and paper mills which may harm the environment if disposed without treatment. Its proximate analysis (adb) are: ash 26.74%; volatile matter 59.09%; fixed carbon 11.04%; moisture 3.13%, while its ultimate analysis (adb) are: C 33.46%; H 4.5%; N 1.14%; S 0.35%; O 33.81%. Having a calorific value of 3000 cal/g (adb), sludge cake may be used as renewable fuel. Unfortunately it has a high water content, so reduction of water content become a main concern in utilizing sludge cake. A combination of mechanical dewatering and thermal drying has been considered for water removal with a minimum energy consumption. Moreover, the application of pressurized mechanical dewatering may also play a role in formation of briquettes.Experiments on mechanical dewatering and thermal drying were carried out using 50 g sludge cake with initial water content 73%. With a pressure of 400 kg/cm2 for compression, water content at the end of mechanical dewatering was 57%. This dewatered slugde was subsequently treated using thermal drying to a moisture content of 15%. Calculated total energy for this combination of mechanical dewatering and thermal drying was about 1080 J/g. This value was lower than the energy consumption of 1520 J/g required for direct thermal drying from its moisture content of 73% down to 15%. Experiments on the use of coal powder as compression aid were also trial to improve sludge dewaterability and briquettes calorific value. Mechanical dewatering of slugde with addition of 20%-w/w coal powder resulting a briquette with moisture content of 38% at compression pressure of 400 kg/cm2. The drying curves of briquette did not affected with its size if its diameter was less than 0.5 cm. Briquette with 1 cm thickness took significantly more time to remove its water content.

scholarly journals Effect Of Water Content On Characteristics Fuel From The Municipal Solid Waste Through The Pyrolysis Process

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Imron Rosyadi ◽  
Ni Ketut Caturwati ◽  
Ahmad Fauzi
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Biomass Conversion ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Rice Samples

The increase in the population of Indonesia is proportional to the increase in the amount of waste produced. Municipal solid waste (MSW) especially organic waste, can be used as solid fuel by means of the torefaction process. Torefaction is a thermo-chemical heat treatment method for biomass conversion that takes place at a temperature of 200oC to 300oC under conditions of atmospheric pressure and in the absence of oxygen. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of moisture content on calorific, proximate and ultimate values ​​of torefaction samples using municipal solid waste. Setting the water content in the mixed sample (30% rice + 70% wood) with variations in moisture content of 30%, 40%, and 50%; and rice and wood samples with variations in moisture content of 40% and 50%. The torefaction was carried out at a temperature of 300oC for one hour and  inert gas  N2. Torefaction products have been tested contain of the calorific value, proximate testing, and ultimate testing. The results obtained were the best calorific value in the rice sample, the moisture content of 40% was 6351.1 cal / g or equivalent to sub-bituminous coal. The proximate and ultimate results of the best heating value are rice samples with 40% moisture content, fixed carbon 62.95%, volatile matter 27.85%, moisture 7.06%, ash 2.14%, carbon 71.85%, hydrogen. 2.80%, nitrogen 3.17%, and sulfur 0.05%. The calorific value calculation method that is almost close to the test results is the Dulong method, with an average error percentage of 1.63%.

scholarly journals Characterization Studies on Waste Plastics as a Feedstock for Energy Recovery in Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.35) ◽  
pp. 534 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Surenderan ◽  
Juniza Md Saad ◽  
Hui Zhou ◽  
Hesam Neshaeimoghaddam ◽  
Adlansyah Abdul Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Sulphur Content ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Waste Plastics

Increase in the energy usage and declining of non-renewable fossil fuels has changed the perceptions to energy recovery methods to satisfy the need of the energy. Through extensive research and innovation of technology, especially to recover the plastic waste to energy feedstock has been developed. The chosen plastic waste samples are polyethylene terephthalate (PET), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), and polypropylene (PP). This sample is collected from daily household waste and was characterized according to the resin types or plastic types. In this research the determination of the moisture content and ash analysis has been carried out using proximate analysis and also determination of the carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulphur content has been carried out by using the ultimate analysis. In addition, the calorific value of the samples has been determined and activation energy is obtained based on thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) data. The chosen kinetic modelling is modified Arrhenius equation. According to the results, HDPE was the best choice for energy recovery from waste plastics in Malaysia due to high calorific value, low activation energy, low moisture content and ash content and it has low sulphur content among all the plastic samples experimented.

Impedance Measurement of Thallus Moisture Content in Lichens

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darwyn S. Coxson
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Impedance Measurement ◽  
Intermediate Water ◽  
Data Logger ◽  
Indirect Determination ◽  
Water Potentials ◽  
Water Films

AbstractThe indirect determination of water content in lichen thalli by means of impedance measurement is described. This technique applies an alternating current between small clips placed at the margins of lichen thalli. Two zones of sensitivity were apparent in measurements with the foliose lichen Xanthoparmelia chlorochroa. Ready discrimination was provided between fully saturated thalli and thalli with standing surface water films. Similarly, this technique proved highly accurate as a measurement of thallus moisture content at water potentials of –2·5 MPa and less (between 0 and 40% water content by weight in X. chlorochroa). Resolution was lower at intermediate water contents (c. 60–100Δ water content by weight), although general trends were still clearly evident. This technique is ideally suited for unattended measurements of water potential in lichens using currently available data–logger technology and provides high resolution within the range of water potentials crucial to the control of physiological activity in lichens

Parameter Estimation for Evaluation of in Situ Density and Moisture Content by using Elastic and Electromagnetic Wave Propagation

2008 ◽  
Vol 2045 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bashar Alramahi ◽  
Dante Fratta ◽  
Khalid A. Alshibli
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Electromagnetic Wave ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Electromagnetic Wave Propagation ◽  
Soil Density

Soil density and moisture content are two essential properties in the quality control and quality assurance of projects that involve soil compaction. However, current field practices either are destructive and time-consuming (i.e., sand cone or water balloon for soil density and oven drying for moisture content) or include hazardous substances that require special handling and operating procedures (i.e., nuclear density gauge). Therefore, new robust, reliable, and nonnuclear techniques for the determination of in situ density and moisture content would assist in quality control and quality assurance processes and would allow more measurements to be performed in a shorter time. A methodology for the in situ determination of density and moisture content by using the propagation of elastic and electromagnetic waves through soils was evaluated. It is based on a semiempirical model that relates elastic wave velocity through soils to the water content, porosity, and degree of saturation. An experimental program was used to verify the model and examine its range of applicability. It was also used to examine the accuracy and limitations of the suggested methodology. An analysis was made of the experimental assessment, along with a detailed numerical study of the inversion procedure used to calculate the density and moisture content. Although the parametric and experimental study shows that the methodology can provide an estimate of density and water content rapidly and non-destructively, there are inherent accuracy and precision limitations that need to be solved. These results also show that combined elastic and electromagnetic wave propagation measurements can help in the development of a methodology that may assist in solving inconsistencies in stiffness measurements.

scholarly journals Physicochemical Characteristics of Malaysian Stingless Bee Honey from Trigona Species

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima IJ ◽  
Mohd Hilmi AB ◽  
Salwani I ◽  
Lavaniya M
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Stingless Bee ◽  
Apis Dorsata ◽  
Tualang Honey

The physicochemical properties of stingless bee honey are diverse according to origin of geographical or botanical and fruit or flower season. These factors result in production of honey with different colour, pH, ash and water content although the bee species is similar. To date, the physicochemical properties of honey from Malaysian Trigona species are unknown. Therefore, determination of physicochemical properties of honey from stingless bee is crucial for Malaysian researchers in order to analyse the purity of the honey. Five honey samples were used for the current study. Four samples were stingless bee honey from two of the most common domesticated Malaysian stingless bee species; Trigona thorasica and Trigona itama. Meanwhile, one sample was from Tualang honey. For stingless bee honey, the values for pH, moisture content, electrical conductivity, ash content and hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) were 2.79±0.04 to 2.95±0.02, 28.3±0.68 to 33.7±0.51, 0.47±0.22 to 0.55±0.38, 0.132±0.03 to 0.532±0.83 and 0.080±0.16 to 3.42±1.03, respectively. The colour of stingless bee honey varies based on observation or absorbance assay. The study described the physicochemical properties derived from Malaysian bees of Trigona thorasica, Trigona itama, and Apis Dorsata.

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