scholarly journals Nutrition by design: a review of biotechnology in functional food

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas John Reynolds ◽  
Danik M Martirosyan
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Biotechnological Applications ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
History Of

Background: Medical institutions in industrial and developing countries are increasingly turning to functional foods as intervention in chronic disease. Advances in genetic engineering have provided methods of purposefully designing functional foods and bioactive compound-producing organisms. This literature review examines the recent history of biotechnological applications in functional food, the state of bioagricultural engineering for high-value compound production, and the challenges that developers face in promulgating functional foods from biotechnological sources. Based on the literature reviewed, it is predicted that adding biotechnologically-produced compounds will be more successful in producing novel functional foods.Keywords: Biotechnology; functional food; genetic engineering, golden rice, algae 

scholarly journals Consumers’ Requirements for Functional Foods

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Corina MAXIM ◽  
Anca FĂRCAȘ ◽  
Dan Cristian VODNAR ◽  
Maria TOFANĂ ◽  
Sonia SOCACI
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Rural And Urban Area ◽  
Different Levels

Although there is still no legal definition, functional foods are considered by the scientific community as providing additional benefits beyond the general benefits of nutrient intake and satisfaction of hunger. The bioactive compounds present in these products should provide a scientifically proven health benefit for the prevention, management or treatment of chronic disease. The aim of the present study was to investigate the consumers’ awareness, knowledge and interest for functional food consumption. The study was conducted on 120 respondents that answered a 16-questionaire distributed online. The participants were adults from rural and urban area, with different levels of education. The data collected from the respondents showed that women are more aware and interested in functional foods than the male respondents. Only 15% of the participants said that they do not know the meaning of the term “functional foods”. This study has shown that the knowledge and interest of consumers’ for the functional foods is influenced by factors such as gender, age, education or income level. The prices together with the sensorial and health benefits were among the decisive factors.

scholarly journals Curcumin Extraction, Isolation, Quantification and Its Application in Functional Foods: A Review With a Focus on Immune Enhancement Activities and COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soubhagya Tripathy ◽  
Deepak Kumar Verma ◽  
Mamta Thakur ◽  
Ami R. Patel ◽  
Prem Prakash Srivastav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Food ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Therapeutic Agent ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Unknown Species ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Immune Enhancement ◽  
Immune Booster

An entirely unknown species of coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak occurred in December 2019. COVID-19 has already affected more than 180 million people causing ~3.91 million deaths globally till the end of June 2021. During this emergency, the food nutraceuticals can be a potential therapeutic candidate. Curcumin is the natural and safe bioactive compound of the turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) plant and is known to possess potent anti-microbial and immuno-modulatory properties. This review paper covers the various extraction and quantification techniques of curcumin and its usage to produce functional food. The potential of curcumin in boosting the immune system has also been explored. The review will help develop insight and new knowledge about curcumin's role as an immune-booster and therapeutic agent against COVID-19. The manuscript will also encourage and assist the scientists and researchers who have an association with drug development, pharmacology, functional foods, and nutraceuticals to develop curcumin-based formulations.

scholarly journals Functional food science: Differences and similarities with food science

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 408
Author(s):  
Danik Martirosyan ◽  
Jessica Von Brugger ◽  
Sarina Bialow
Keyword(s):  
Functional Food ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Food Science ◽  
Health Claim

Many nations are facing rising healthcare costs. The field of functional food science (FFS) has been introduced to combat this. Functional foods are foods with added bioactive compounds which provide a clinically proven health benefit. However, FFS and food science (FS) are often viewed as one and the same. To progress in development and research in the field of FFS, the two must be viewed as separate. Currently, the FDA has not issued or accepted a formal definition for functional foods. In contrast, the FDA accepts and actively uses FS. This makes it difficult to regulate functional foods and weakens public trust.The FDA currently has a health claim authorization system in place, but it still fails to properly regulate functional foods. Other countries, such as Japan, have regulatory systems set in place specifically for functional foods. This increases public trust as there is a strict process that a product has to go through before it is authorized for consumption. Countries such as Japan could serve as a model for a functional foods regulatory system in the United States. The Functional Food Center (FFC) has proposed a 15 step system similar to Japan’s to authorize functional foods in the U.S. Due to a lack of governmental recognition, there is a large educational gap in secondary schools and higher educational institutions when it comes to FS and FFS. Courses and lessons regarding FS are more available to students than courses and lessons concerning FFS. In addition, the challenges that the field of FFS faces also work to separate the field from FS. Because FFS is concerned with creating functional food products (FFPs) that have a clinically proven health benefit, the scientific research in this field must meet rigorous standards to ensure that the FFP in question truly has substantial evidence for the health claim. It is important to not only acknowledge the distinction between these two fields but to also understand the benefit this will have on the well being of the general population. With FFS as an established field, research can be funded accordingly and new functional foods can be developed that can prevent or lessen the symptoms of disease. Through regular analysis and measurements through specific biomarkers, FFP can work alongside western medicine to combat disease and dysfunction. Finally, it is important that a major area that differs is the emphasis on quantity when it comes to FFS. Specific quantities must be outlined and followed in order for FFP to function as they are intended.Keywords: Functional Food Science, Food Science, Bioactive Compound, Biomarker, Functional Food Product, Foods for Specific Health Use

scholarly journals FFC’s Advancement of the Establishment of Functional Food Science

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danik Martirosyan ◽  
Jack Liufu
Keyword(s):  
Functional Food ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Good Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Food Science ◽  
Working Definition ◽  
The Government

The Functional Food Center (FFC) has previously defined functional food as foods which have scientifically-proven benefits toward improving general health and ameliorating the effects of chronic diseases. Given this useful working definition of functional food, it’s now imperative to delineate and establish a field of functional food science. Currently, there are no published articles on what functional food science is. Defining functional food science is necessary so that a legitimate field can be established and recognized by the government as well as a global network of researchers and scientists. In this way, appropriate funding and advancements can be made, and functional foods can make their way towards significantly improving the lives of people in the United States and also around the world, as is the goal. As a result of this need, functional food science will be defined as the process of preparing functional foods as well as a field intersecting the realms of health and medical treatment. In this sense, functional food science not only deals with preparing functional foods but also with the efficacy of their health benefits. More specifically, as sciences are often defined by their processes, functional food science can be defined as the comprehensive, aggregate, interdisciplinary, and collaborative processes of: establishing a target and finding a bioactive compound that enables that effect, finding the correlated measurable biomarker, running testing to find proper dosage and effectiveness, performing clinical trials to ensure efficacy, creating the functional food with an informative label, releasing to market and running epidemiological studies to verify it. Although this understanding and definition is nascent, this can be a starting ground for the FDA and other governmental bodies, as well as the scientific and functional food community, to develop a robust, extrapolatable, and useful outline of functional food science. With an established field of functional food science, functional foods can be researched, produced, and made official and trustworthy, so that there can be large positive impacts on public health, both in disease prevention and in maintenance of good health.

Pneumomediastinum: A Rare Presentation of Inflicted Injuries in Infants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Lee ◽  
Adam Bajinting ◽  
Abby Lunneen ◽  
Colleen M. Fitzpatrick ◽  
Gustavo A. Villalona
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Retrospective Review ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Rare Presentation ◽  
Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum ◽  
Nonaccidental Trauma ◽  
Comprehensive Literature Review ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
History Of

AbstractReports of incidental pneumomediastinum in infants secondary to inflicted trauma are limited. A retrospective review of infants with pneumomediastinum and history of inflicted trauma was performed. A comprehensive literature review was performed. Three infants presented with pneumomediastinum associated with inflicted trauma. Mean age was 4.6 weeks. All patients underwent diagnostic studies, as well as a standardized evaluation for nonaccidental trauma. All patients with pneumomediastinum were resolved at follow-up. Review of the literature identified other cases with similar presentations with related oropharyngeal injuries. Spontaneous pneumomediastinum in previously healthy infants may be associated with inflicted injuries. Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of an oropharyngeal perforation related to this presentation.

Intraocular tuberculosis, a challenge in diagnosis and treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Martina Larroude ◽  
Gustavo Ariel Budmann
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Ocular Tuberculosis ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
Choroidal Granuloma ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Ocular Tb

Ocular tuberculosis (TB) is an extrapulmonary tuberculous condition and has variable manifestations. The incidence of TB is still high in developing countries, and a steady increase in new cases has been observed in industrial countries as a result of the growing number of immunodeficient patients and migration from developing countries. Choroidal granuloma is a rare and atypical location of TB. We present a case of a presumptive choroidal granuloma. This case exposes that diagnosis can be remarkably challenging when there is no history of pulmonary TB. The recognition of clinical signs of ocular TB is extremely important since it provides a clinical pathway toward tailored investigations and decision making for initiating anti-TB therapy and to ensure a close follow-up to detect the development of any complication.

IMPACT OF NATIONAL DISASTER COVID-19, INDONESIA TOWARDS ECONOMIC RECESSION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
endang naryono
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
National Disaster

Covid-19 or the corona virus is a virus that has become a disaster and a global humanitarian disaster began in December 2019 in Wuhan province in China, April 2020 the spread of the corona virus has spread throughout the world making the greatest humanitarian disaster in the history of human civilization after the war world II, Already tens of thousands of people have died, millions of people have been infected with the conona virus from poor countries, developing countries to developed countries overwhelmed by this virus outbreak. Increasingly, the spread follows a series of measurements while patients who recover recover from a series of counts so that this epidemic becomes a very frightening disaster plus there is no drug or vaccine for this corona virus yet found, so that all countries implement strategies to reduce this spread from social distancing, phycal distancing to with a city or country lockdown.

Demographic Factors Associated with Congenital Malformations Among Young Infants in Fallujah Maternity and Children Hospital, Fallujah City, Iraq

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Samira T.Abdulghani ◽  
Samira T.Abdulghani
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Congenital Anomalies ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Gestational Hypertension ◽  
Heart Defects ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
History Of

Background: Congenital anomalies are a major cause of infant morbidity and mortality in developing countries including our country. Registries and data on these anomalies are still primitive and poorly collated. In this study we aimed to assess the important demographic factors associated with the development of congenital anomalies. Methods: This was a cross-sectional hospital-based study involving 880 infants in the 1st year of life registered in the birth defect unit in Fallujah Maternity and Children Hospital in the period between 1st of January 2017 to the 31st of December 2019. The prevalence rate, the pattern of anomalies and the factors associated with their occurrence were determined. Results: The prevalence rate of the group enrolled in this study was 31/1000 total births, congenital heart defects was the commonest followed by central nervous system anomalies, 58% of the infants were males, 65% had ≥ 2.5 kg birth weight & 95% were singletons. Family history of congenital anomalies was found in 31.25% of cases. The largest group of mothers (55.7%) were 21-30 years old & 92.5% of fathers were less than 45 years old. Parental consanguinity reported in 64.3% of the total cases. Only 4.5% of mothers reported history of fever during pregnancy, and none of them had history of exposure to x-ray or teratogenic drug use. Gestational hypertension was reported in 10% of the total (880) mothers, hypertension and diabetes mellitus in 0.3%, while hepatitis C, hepatitis B, toxoplasmosis and epilepsy, each was reported in only one mother (0.1% of the total). Regarding the outcome of pregnancy, 66.6% were live births, 24.2% were abortions and 9.2% were stillbirths. History of previous abortions was reported in 22% of cases. Urban residents accounted for 63% of the families of congenitally abnormal infants while 37% were rural. Conclusion: Congenital anomalies are still a major cause for concern and tension in Fallujah society, there is serious need to establish a surveillance and good statistical system for congenital anomalies and efforts should be made to raise awareness of their occurrence and the associated risk factors in Iraq and other developing countries.

scholarly journals Current and Emerging Pharmacotherapeutic Options for Smoking Cessation

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. SART.S8108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin V. Carson ◽  
Malcolm P. Brinn ◽  
Thomas A. Robertson ◽  
Rachada To-A-Nan ◽  
Adrian J. Esterman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Current Clinical Practice ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
First Line ◽  
Marginalized Groups

Tobacco smoking remains the single most preventable cause of morbidity and mortality in developed countries and poses a significant threat across developing countries where tobacco use prevalence is increasing. Nicotine dependence is a chronic disease often requiring multiple attempts to quit; repeated interventions with pharmacotherapeutic aids have become more popular as part of cessation therapies. First-line medications of known efficacy in the general population include varenicline tartrate, bupropion hydrochloride, nicotine replacement therapy products, or a combination thereof. However, less is known about the use of these products in marginalized groups such as the indigenous, those with mental illnesses, youth, and pregnant or breastfeeding women. Despite the efficacy and safety of these first line pharmacotherapies, many smokers continue to relapse and alternative pharmacotherapies and cessation options are required. Thus, the aim of this review is to summarize the existing and developing pharmacotherapeutic and other options for smoking cessation, to identify gaps in current clinical practice, and to provide recommendations for future evaluations and research.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Polypharmacy and Risks of Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in the Older Population in a Developing Country: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Gerontology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula ◽  
Eyob Alemayehu Gebreyohannes ◽  
Daniela Fialova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Inappropriate Medication ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Potentially Inappropriate Medication ◽  
Older Population

<b><i>Background and Aim:</i></b> Polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) use in older populations (65+ years) have not yet been investigated by meta-analyses in developing countries. This systematic literature review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the prevalence of polypharmacy and PIM use and major risk factors associated with PIM prescribing in older adults in Ethiopia. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar databases to identify relevant studies published between January 1990 and October 2020. Observational studies reporting the prevalence and association of risk factors with polypharmacy and PIM use in the older population were meta-analyzed. A multilevel meta-analysis was conducted to pool the prevalence estimates, and the risk of PIM use was reported as a relative risk (RR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). <b><i>Results:</i></b> We identified by systematic literature review 404 articles. Of those, 8 studies fulfilled inclusion criteria, comprising a total sample of 2,608 participants. The overall prevalence of polypharmacy and PIM use pooled by meta-analysis in the Ethiopian older population was 33 and 37%, respectively. The risk factors of PIM use were analyzed in the meta-analysis (particularly polymorbidity, polypharmacy, gender, and older age), and only older age of 65+ (RR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.16–2.51) was significantly associated with PIM use. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> This first meta-analysis from a developing country revealed a high prevalence of polypharmacy and PIM use in the Ethiopian older population. There was no awareness about the risk of PIMs in patients with polypharmacy and polymorbidity, and older age significantly predicted PIM use. Interventions ensuring rational geriatric pharmacotherapy are essential in developing countries in order to reduce the expected burden of PIM-related geriatric morbidity, higher costs, and mortality.

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