scholarly journals Growth of diabetic children in post conflict Baghdad, Iraq

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-73
Author(s):  
Zena S. Hadi ◽  
Eman A. Al-Kaseer ◽  
Munib A. Al-Zubaidi
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Significant Determinant ◽  
Growth Indices ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Diabetic Children ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Children Welfare ◽  
Male To Female

Background: previously type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) was listed among the causes of severing growth retardation. Iraq was exposed to wars and conflicts that affect health services which in turn affect the glycemic state of diabetic patients.Objective: To report on the growth of diabetic children in post-conflict Iraq.Methods: A total of 100 children with T1DM were included in the study. They were attending the consultancy clinic in Children Welfare Teaching Hospital for the period from 1st of Feb to 30th of May 2017. Weight and height were measured. The growth indices at diagnosis were taken from a case file.Results: A total of 100 children with T1DM included in this study. Their age was 9.3 ± 3.2 years with a male to female ratio of 1. The peak age of children at diagnosis was < 5 years. Of the total diabetic children in this study, (5%) was stunted, (2%) wasted, and (5%) was underweight. Duration of T1DM was a significant determinant of growth indices (height and weight). No significant differences in growth indices (weight, height, and BMI) between males and females with T1DM.Conclusion: the peak of age at diagnosis was < 5 years, the sex ratio was equal and weight and height were almost lower than that supposed to be healthy.   نمو الاطفال المصابين بداء السكري في العراق بعد الازمة د. زينة ستار هادي د. ايمان عدنان القصير د. منيب احمد كاظم الخلاصة: الخلفية: سابقا كان داء السكري من النوع الاول من بين اسباب تاخر النمو الشديد. العراق تعرض للحروب والصراعات التي اثرت على الخدمات الصحية والتي بدورها اثرت على حالة السكر في الدم لمرضى السكري. الهدف: تقديم تقريرعن نمو الاطفال المصابين بالسكري في العراق بعد انتهاء الصراع. طريقة البحث: شملت الدراسة 100طفل مصاب بداء السكري من النوع الاول والذين يراجعون العيادة الاستشارية لمرضى السكري في مستشفى حماية الاطفال للفترة من 1 شباط الى 30 ايار للعام 2017. تم قياس الوزن والطول. مؤشرات النمو عند التشخيص اخذت من ملف المريض. النتائج: تمت دراسة 100 طفل مصاب بداء السكري من النوع الاول وكان عمرهم 9.3 ± 3.2 ونسبة الذكور للاناث تساوي 1. ذروة عمر الاطفال عند التشخيص كانت اقل من 5 سنوات. من مجموع الاطفال المصابين بالسكري في هذه الدراسة كانت نسبة المصابين بالتقزم 5%, النحافة 2 % ونقصان الوزن 5%. مدة الاصابة بداء السكري من النوع الاول كانت محددا هاما لمؤشرات النمو(الطول والوزن). لاتوجد اختلافات ذات دلالة احصائية في مؤشرات النمو(الوزن, الطول, ومؤشر كتلة الجسم) بين الذكور والاناث المصابين بداء السكري من النوع الاول.  الاستنتاج: كانت ذروة العمر عند التشخيص أقل من 5 سنوات، وكانت نسبة الجنس متساوية، والوزن والطول كانوا تقريبا اقل مما يفترض ان يكون صحي. الكلمات الافتتاحية: داء السكري من النوع الاول, والاطفال, والنمو.

scholarly journals 63. Prognosis of COVID-19 Patients with Diabetic Ketoacidosis with or Without Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S163-S163
Author(s):  
Kok Hoe Chan ◽  
Divya Thimmareddygari ◽  
Amr Ramahi ◽  
Liana Atallah ◽  
Jihad Slim
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Male To Female

Abstract Background One of the risk factors for poor outcome with SARS-CoV-2 infection is diabetes mellitus; diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) are the most serious complications of diabetes mellitus. We aimed to explore the clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients presenting with isolated DKA or combined DKA/HHS to our institution. Methods A retrospective, hospital based observation case series was performed on patients with SARS-CoV-2 admitted to Intensive Care Unit between 03/20/20 and 04/20/20. Inclusion criteria were: 1) Blood Glucose &gt;250mg/dL; 2) Serum bicarbonate &lt; 18 mmol/L; 3) Anion Gap &gt;10; 4) serum pH &lt; 7.3; 4) ketonemia or ketonuria; and 5) positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR. Hyperosmolality, on the other hand, was defined as an effective/calculated plasma osmolality &gt;304 mOsm/kg. Results A total of 87 patients with COVID-19 were admitted to the ICU during the study period, 12 of them had either isolated DKA or DKA/HHS. Baseline demographics, lab values and outcome are summarized in Table 1. Six of the patients had isolated DKA and six had combined DKA and HHS. The median age for the patient was 49.5 years old (range from 19 to 62 years old). The male to female ratio was 5:1. Of the 12 patients, 10 patients (83%) had a history of DM, nine were type 2 and only one type 1; two patients were newly diagnosed DM, presenting as DKA, presumptively precipitated by COVID-19. Five patients (42%) had a BMI &gt;30 kg/m2. As for ethnicity; seven were Hispanic (59%), four African American (33%), and one Caucasian (8%). Patients with combined DKA/HHS, higher BMI, higher HbA1c, severe acidosis tended to have higher mortality. The striking feature was that isolated DKA or combined DKA/HHS was the initial presentation for COVID-19 for most of the cases. Table 1: Demographic characteristic, inflammatory markers and outcome. Conclusion Our observational retrospective case series reinforces the need to watch for new onset DM and monitor blood sugar closely in those with known diabetes mellitus during SARS-CoV-2 infection, in order to avoid such serious complications as DKA and HHS. Disclosures Jihad Slim, MD, Abbvie (Speaker’s Bureau)Gilead (Speaker’s Bureau)Jansen (Speaker’s Bureau)Merck (Speaker’s Bureau)ViiV (Speaker’s Bureau)

Group structure in wood bison: nutritional and reproductive determinants

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (7) ◽  
pp. 1367-1371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr E. Komers ◽  
François Messier ◽  
Cormack C. Gates
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Selection ◽  
Group Structure ◽  
Dilution Effect ◽  
Foraging Strategies ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Wood Bison ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Mixed Groups ◽  
Male To Female

Sexual segregation in ungulates has been documented for many species including bison. However, male and female bison do not differ in their pattern of habitat selection. In the present study we observed that a fraction of bison groups did not have young (<2 years) despite the presence of males and females. The male to female ratio in these groups was 2.4. We call them adult groups, in contrast to mixed groups, where young were present and the male to female ratio was 0.4. The proportion of cows with young (mothers) in a group was negatively correlated with the male to female ratio, suggesting that mothers associated more often with other cows than with bulls. Before the rut, cows without young (non-mothers) spent less time feeding than either mothers or bulls. However, mothers and non-mothers did not differ in the number of steps per minute they took while grazing, and both types of cows stepped faster than bulls. We suggest that cows feed more selectively than bulls and that the differing foraging strategies result in temporal but not spatial segregation of the sexes. Possibly as a result of similar nutritional demands, mothers tended to aggregate, forming nursery groups. We suggest that the formation of nursery groups can also serve to protect calves through a dilution effect of predation. Whether mothers actually prefer to associate with other mothers remains to be investigated.

scholarly journals SUN-713 Prevalence of Renal Cysts in Patients with Carney Complex

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Crystal Dawn Chrysavgi Kamilaris ◽  
Athanasios Gkirgkinoudis ◽  
Christina Tatsi ◽  
Georgia Pitsava ◽  
Ninet Sinaii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Cysts ◽  
Carney Complex ◽  
Regulatory Subunit ◽  
Cyst Size ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Renal Imaging ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Male To Female

Abstract In the general population renal cysts appear most commonly in patients &gt;50 y and in men. Among published studies, the prevalence of renal cysts detected by MRI was 27%, detected by CT was 20-41%, and detected by US was 4-17% (Mensel, et al., 2018; Choi, et al., 2016). In these studies, the male to female ratio in patients with renal cysts ranged from 1.4:1 to 2.93:1. Carney complex (CNC) is an autosomal dominant multiple endocrine neoplasia and lentiginosis syndrome predominantly caused by aberrant cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA) signaling mostly (but not always) due to germline inactivating defects in PRKAR1A which encodes the regulatory subunit type 1α of PKA. In a small retrospective study, 5 of 9 subjects with CNC had renal cysts on MRI or CT (Ye, et al., 2017). This same study evaluated the development of renal cysts in kidney-specific Prkar1a knockout mice, where all mice developed a renal cystic phenotype. To determine the prevalence of renal cysts, we performed a retrospective cohort study of patients with CNC evaluated at our institution between 1984 and 2019 who underwent renal imaging with MRI, CT, and/or US. We hypothesized that CNC leads to renal formation of cysts in humans, with increased number of renal cysts and earlier age at detection. 117 patients with CNC (69 female [59%], 48 male [41%]) were evaluated with renal imaging (56% MRI, 41% CT, 3% US). Of these, 39 (33%) patients had renal cysts that were first detected on imaging between the ages of 13 and 58 y (mean age at diagnosis 37.1 ±12.7 y; 5 [13%] 12-19 y, 5 [13%] 20-29 y, 10 [26%] 30-39 y, 11 [28%] 40-49 y, and 8 [21%] 50-59 y). The mean number of cysts was 1.3 ±0.7, and mean dominant cyst size was 1.2 ±0.9 cm. Average creatinine at diagnosis was 0.8 ±0.2 mg/dl. Of the patients with renal cysts, 22 were female (56% of patients with renal cysts, 32% of females with CNC that underwent renal imaging) and 17 were male (44% of patients with renal cysts, 35% of males with CNC that underwent renal imaging). There was no difference in the prevalence of renal cysts between males and females (35% vs 32%, p=.70, for a 1.1:1 ratio). Age, number, and dominant cyst size were also not different between sexes (p=.51, p=.84, and p=.26, respectively). However, creatinine levels were higher in males (0.9 ±0.1 vs 0.7 ±0.1, p&lt;.001). All 39 patients with renal cysts had defects in PRKAR1A as compared to 73 of 78 (94%) patients with CNC that did not have renal cysts on imaging (p=.17). In conclusion, our data demonstrate that there is a high prevalence of renal cysts in patients with CNC with both males and females being affected equally, in contrast to the majority of previously reported population studies. They also suggest that renal cysts may develop in patients with CNC at a younger age. These results can be further validated by comparison to a cohort of healthy controls.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Colorectal Cancer in Jordan, From 2003 to 2012

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement 2) ◽  
pp. 32s-32s
Author(s):  
M. Alzaghal
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
Male To Female

Background: Colorectal cancer is an important public health problem. There are nearly one million new cases of colorectal cancer diagnosed world-wide each year and half a million deaths. Regionally it is the fourth most common cause of morbidity and mortality. Recent reports show that, in Jordan, it ranked the second among all new cancers in both males and females. Aim: To explore and identify the epidemiology of colorectal cancer in Jordan over the 10 years period 2003-2012 to provide update information regarding the likely future. Methods: This project was a descriptive study, cases were identified from Jordan cancer registry (JCR), all Jordanian cases diagnosed and registered in 2003-2012 were included, data on age, sex, primary site, morphology, grade and stage were collected and filtered, frequency by graphs and tables was demonstrated, SPSS software version 17 was used for analysis, and official approval to do the study was taken from the registry. Results: Total number of colorectal cancers in Jordan registered in JCR from 2003 to 2012 was 3299 cases among both genders, 1833 in males which accounted for (55.6%) and 1466 cases (44.4%) in females. In 2012, there were 567 (11.3%) of all newly diagnosed cases among Jordanians compared with 357 (10.3%) in 2003. Male to female ratio was (0.9:1) compared with (1.4:1) in 2003. The median age at diagnosis was 61 years for both genders in 2012, in 2003 it was (51). The overall age-standardized incidence rate (ASR) increased from 11/100,000 in 2003 to 16.3/100.000 in 2012. Conclusion: This study will provide health professionals researchers and policy makers with detailed information about colorectal cancer epidemiology through 2003-2012 and it demonstrate the magnitude of the problem, which will assist in planning and evaluation and to identify priorities, and this will provide a solid database for establishing screening programs for early detection.

Cardiovascular risk factors in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 699-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Han Zhang ◽  
Pin Li
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Diabetic Children

Abstract Objective Cardiovascular disease is a major complication among children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). This prospective study aimed at examining the presence of cardiovascular risk factors in children with T1DM. Methods We evaluated several cardiovascular risk factors, including atherosclerosis, artery intima-media thickness (IMT) and metabolic responses, in 175 children with T1DM, with 150 non-diabetic children as normal controls. Results The diabetic children had significantly higher carotid IMT (cIMT) and aortic IMT (aIMT), higher values for diastolic wall stress (DWS), incremental elastic modulus (IEM), and flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) than the controls. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-4 (IL4), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and leptin were significantly higher in T1DM patients. In T1DM children, the cIMT and aIMT were correlated with several risk factors, including age, weight, body mass index (BMI), duration of diabetes, waist/hip ratio, as well as levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides and apolipoprotein B (apoB). In addition to common risk factors, cIMT was also associated with systolic blood pressure (BP). Other risk factors, such as height, diastolic BP, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)/high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol ratio, apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1) and S-creatinine levels, were not all independent risk factors of cardiovascular disease in T1DM children. Conclusions T1DM is associated with early impairment of the common carotid and aortic artery structure and function, and the diabetic state may be the main risk factor for arterial wall stiffening and thickening.

scholarly journals Oral health knowledge and habits in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Crésio Alves ◽  
Márcia Brandão ◽  
Juliana Andion ◽  
Rafaela Menezes
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Oral Health Knowledge ◽  
Diabetic Children

This study evaluated the oral health knowledge and habits in Brazilian children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). A cross-sectional study was performed between November of 2005 and April of 2006 in a public health university hospital, interviewing 55 diabetic children and 55 non-diabetic control children with a semi-structured questionnaire. As much as 55% of the diabetic children and 35.5% of the non-diabetic children were males with mean age of 11.3 ± 3.7 years and 11.2 ± 3.8 years, respectively. The mean duration of the T1DM was of 4.5 ± 0.8 years. Almost half of the diabetic and non-diabetic children brushed their teeth three times a day. Dental floss was used once a day by 30.9% of diabetics and 18.0% of control subjects. A total of 27% of the diabetics vs. 54.5% of non-diabetics had gingival bleeding. The dentist was aware of the T1DM in 74.5% of the cases. As much as 63.8% of the diabetic subjects had been to the dentist within the previous 12 months. In conclusion, although the diabetic children seemed to have better oral health habits than the control children, there is a need for more information regarding oral hygiene and healthy habits.

scholarly journals Awareness of Diabetic Retinopathy among patients with Diabetes Mellitus in Ilorin, Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Olokoba L B ◽  
Mahmud O A ◽  
Adepoju F G ◽  
Olokoba A B
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
High Level ◽  
Male To Female

<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetic retinopathy is a major cause of blindness worldwide. The associated loss of productivity and quality of life of the patients with diabetic retinopathy will lead to additional socioeconomic burden. This study aims to determine the level of awareness of diabetic retinopathy among diabetic patients. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>This hospital-based cross sectional study, was carried out at the Diabetic and Ophthalmology clinics of University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria from November 2011 to July 2012. A total of 365<strong> </strong>patients had validated, semi-structured, and interviewer-administered questionnaires to obtain information on socio-demographic characteristics, clinical information and awareness of diabetic retinopathy. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 365 patients were enrolled, with age between 19 and 90 years, and a mean of 45.8 ±16.3 years. The male to female ratio was 1: 2.2. Ninety-nine respondents (27.1%) had no education. The majority (30.4%) had only primary education; 21.1% had tertiary; 14.5% had secondary while 6.8% had Quranic education. The mean duration of diabetes mellitus was 14.1 ±13.09 years. Of the 365 patients with diabetes mellitus, 279(76.4%) had heard that diabetes mellitus affects the eyes, while 86(23.6%) had not. Of those who had heard, 221(79.2%) heard it from health personnel, 45(16.1%) from radio/television, 25(9.0%) from internet, 23(8.2%) from books/newspapers, while 16(5.7%) heard from other sources.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There was a high level of awareness of diabetic retinopathy amongst the patients. However, the high level of awareness of the blinding complication of diabetes mellitus did not translate to a correspondingly high level of ocular examination for diabetic retinopathy.  <strong></strong></p>

scholarly journals The relationship between quality of self-monitoring and glycemic control in romanian children with type 1 diabetes mellitus

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-244
Author(s):  
Bogdan Timar ◽  
Viorel Șerban ◽  
Alina Lăcătușu ◽  
Laura Barna ◽  
Florentina Fiera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Good Glycemic Control ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Diabetic Children ◽  
Prevention Of Diabetes ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objectives: Optimal glycemic control is mandatory in diabetic children andadolescents for the prevention of diabetes complications, but it is difficult to beobtained due to a series of factors, including the limited availability of blood glucoseself-monitoring tests. The aim of our study was to investigate the relationshipbetween the number of daily self-monitoring tests and quality of glycemic control.Material and method: We enrolled 783 individuals previously diagnosed with Type 1Diabetes Mellitus and investigated the significance of differences in HbA1c valuesbetween groups with distinct number of blood glucose measurements at home foreach age group. Results: We found significant improvements of glycemic controlwith the increase in the number of daily tests, with some particularities among thegroups. Conclusions: Among other intrinsic and external factors, blood glucose selfmonitoringhas an important role in obtaining a good glycemic control.

Resistin and right ventricular function in children with recently diagnosed type-1 diabetes mellitus: a case control study

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed A. Al-Biltagi ◽  
Osama A. Tolba ◽  
Wegdan Mawlana ◽  
Abdallah Abd El Hamed ◽  
May Ghazy
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Right Ventricular ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Mitral Annulus ◽  
Resistin Level ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Diabetic Children

AbstractResistin is an adipocyte-derived signaling polypeptide described in adipose tissue, which acts as a metabolic link between inflammation and atherosclerosis. This study aimed to assess the relation between right ventricular (RV) function assessed by echocardiography and resistin levels in recently diagnosed type-1 diabetic children.The study was conducted as a prospective cohort study and it included 30 children with type-1 diabetes mellitus as a patient group and 30 healthy children matched for age and sex as controls. It evaluated RV functions by tissue Doppler imaging, speckle tracking imaging, and real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE), as well as assessing resistin serum level using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The left ventricle (LV) showed no significant difference between the two groups in E/A ratio across the mitral valve, ejection fraction, and S wave mitral annulus. However, it showed significant decrease in the E′/A′ wave of mitral annulus, impairment of LV myocardial performance index (MPI), and decrease in LV EF measured by RT3DE in diabetic patients compared to the control group. Significant differences in the mean value of tricuspid annular systolic excursion (TASE), pulmonary artery pressure, longitudinal systolic strain (RV LSS), MPI, and RV ejection fraction were observed between the studied groups. Yet, no significant differences in E/A ratio and S value were observed between the two groups. Significant positive correlation of resistin level with age of studied group and significant negative correlation of resistin with both TASE and RV LSS values were also observed.We confirmed the presence of subclinical RV systolic and diastolic dysfunction in type-1 diabetic children with positive correlation between resistin level and RV dysfunction among them.

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