Online Sexual Victimization among Middle School Students: Prevalence and Association with Online Risk Behaviors

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
C. Longobardi ◽  
M.A. Fabris ◽  
L.E. Prino ◽  
M. Settanni
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Sexual Coercion ◽  
Sexual Victimization ◽  
Early Adolescents ◽  
Sexual Content ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Online Risk

In Europe, 82% of minors use a social network (SN). Although SNs offer opportunities for social interaction, they also involve some risks, such as online sexual victimization (OSV). As many as 39% of teenagers are estimated to be at risk of OSV. The literature suggests that risky online behaviors, such as sexting, indiscriminate expansion of SNs, and intimate and face-to-face relationships with strangers met online, can increase the risk of OSV among adolescents. The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of OSV and related risk factors in a sample of early adolescents. A cross-sectional study was conducted based on 310 Italian adolescents (12–14 years old) who completed the Juvenile Online Victimization Questionnaire (JOV-Q). Sixty percent of the sample reported at least one form of OSV, with males more at risk than females. Age, gender, and online risk behaviors are predictors of different kinds of OSV. In the whole sample, the most frequent kind of OSV was unwanted exposure to sexual content, followed by sexual pressure, online grooming, and sexual coercion. Sexting and indiscriminate expansion of one’s network increase the likelihood of having been the target of at least 1 OSV in the past year. Early adolescents can face a higher risk of OSV than adolescents, based on known percentages. The study of the prevalence and risk factors in this age group therefore deserves specific attention in order to design programs to prevent and combat OSV.

The Contribution of Level of Cognitive Complexity and Pubertal Timing to Behavioral Risk in Young Adolescents

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 528-533
Author(s):  
Donald P. Orr ◽  
Gary M. Ingersoll
Keyword(s):  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Cognitive Complexity ◽  
Pubertal Timing ◽  
Health Risk Behaviors ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Young Adolescents ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional

Purpose. To determine the unique contributions of cognitive complexity and pubertal timing to participation in behavioral risk (substance use, sexual activity, school and legal problems) among young adolescents. Design. Cross-sectional with cohort replication. Methods. Two cohorts of middle school students in grades eight and nine in a midwestern school district completed a self-report questionnaire in 1987 and 1989. Measures of behavioral and emotional risk, cognitive complexity and pubertal timing relative to peers were included. Results. Complete data were available for 817 and 796 students in each cohort year. Gender, race, level of cognitive complexity and pubertal timing each contributed significantly to the variance in behavioral risk independent of chronological age (P < .0001). Boys, whites, those at lower levels of cognitive complexity and those who began pubertal maturation earlier than peers, were at significantly greater risk. Adolescents who demonstrated higher levels of cognitive complexity and those who began puberty later compared to peers participated in a smaller array of risk behaviors, independent of chronological age. Implications. Pediatricians should consider adolescents at lower levels of cognitive complexity (concrete thinking) and those who begin puberty earlier at greater risk for participation in health risk behaviors. Preventive health counseling tailored to the needs of this group may be most beneficial.

scholarly journals Drug use and risk factors among secondary students

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 246-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lourdes Jordán Jinez ◽  
José Roberto Molina de Souza ◽  
Sandra Cristina Pillon
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Secondary Students ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Family Conflicts ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Experimental Use

Adolescence is a phase of exposure to several risk behaviors, especially the experimental use of drugs and its associated problems. The study aims to identify risk factors and drug use among secondary students in Comonfort, Guanajuato, Mexico. This is a cross-sectional study, using a version of the Drug User Screening Inventory (DUSI) adapted from Portuguese to Spanish. The sample was composed of 695 (42.9%) students, 52.8% women. Drug use was present in 20.3%, predominantly alcohol and tobacco. Risk factors are related to the male gender, older than 13 years, second and third grades, living with relatives, poor relationships, curiosity, family conflicts, peer pressure and solidarity. CONCLUSION: alcohol and tobacco are the most used drugs and are associated to curiosity and peer pressure.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE, INTENSITY AND RISK FACTORS OF SOIL TRANSMITTED HELMINTHS INFECTIONS AMONG ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN NGIS VILLAGE, KARANGASEM DISTRICT, BALI

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Sang Ayu Arta Suryantari
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Elementary School ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Single Infection ◽  
P Value ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Soil Transmitted Helminths

Soil Transmitted Helminths (STH) infections is one of health issues in Indonesia that has environment and social basis. It is classified as neglected disease. The Indonesian government already has eradication program, but it is not supported by evaluation and monitoring program. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence and relation of each risk factors related to STH infections in elementary school in Ngis village, Karangasem regency, Bali. The study was done by analytical description using cross sectional study. Samples were selected from population based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Primary data about suspected risk factors were collected using questionnaire. Diagnosis was established using Kato-Katz modification method. Data was analyzed using chi-square with confidence interval 95% or p value ≤0.05 categorized as significant. 138 students enrolled in this study, the median age is 9 (6-13) years. The prevalence of STH infections is 10.1% with 78.6% is single infection of Trichuris trichiura and 21.4% mixed infections. The proportion of STH infections in males is higher than female but it is statistically insignificant. STH infections have significant relationship with some risk factors such as not washing hand after defecation, not washing hand after playing with soil, barefoot, not cutting nails and consuming anti-helminthic routinely. The highest risk factor of STH infections in Ngis village is not having available and proper latrine. (OR=33.9; 95%CI=5.749-199.769). The prevalence of STH infection is quite high with mild to moderate intensity and risk factors namely low hygiene and limited latrines. The implementation of monitoring and evaluation can be an effort to control risk factors and stop the STH transmission chain.

scholarly journals Perception of risk factors for cancer in the ABC population

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 757-761
Author(s):  
Karine Corcione Turke ◽  
Juliana Seidler Canonaco ◽  
Thiago Artioli ◽  
Aline Hernandez Marquez Sarafyan ◽  
Erika Toshie Aoki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Risk Awareness ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cancer Risk Factors ◽  
Qualitative Variables ◽  
Cancer Risk Awareness

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE To evaluate the knowledge about risk factors for cancer in patients treated at the ABC Medical School (FMABC). METHODS Cross-sectional observational study conducted in 2019. The American Cancer Institute’s Cancer Risk Awareness Survey questionnaire was used with 29 cancer risk factors, 14 of which were proven to cause cancer and 15 without consensus or scientific evidence of causality with cancer but that are often reminded by most of the population. Qualitative variables were described by frequency and percentage, and quantitative variables by mean and standard deviation or median and range depending on normality, assessed by the Shapiro-Wilk test. The study was conducted in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration for Research and approved by the Research Ethics Committee. RESULTS 191 patients were included. Median age 54 (20 to 90), 64% female. 35.6% reported current or previous smoking. 3.1% consumed alcohol more than 5 drinks/week. 56% reported sedentary lifestyle. 44% had at least 1 case of cancer in relatives up to 2nd degree. The average of correct answers in the analyzed population was 12.83 ± 3.06. A weak positive correlation was observed between income and number of cases (rho = 0.177, p = 0.02). No relationship was observed between the number of correct answers and level of education, age, sex, marital status, race or patients with a positive family history for cancer. CONCLUSION The knowledge about risk factors for cancer in the ABC population is low, which may contribute to the adoption of risk behaviors for the disease.

scholarly journals A cross sectional study to estimate prevalence of obesity and its risk factors in adolescent school children in Western Maharashtra, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 3072
Author(s):  
Jagannath S. Shete ◽  
Anjali V. Wagh
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
School Children ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Junk Food ◽  
Age Group ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Estimate Prevalence

Background: There is an increase in prevalence of childhood obesity and its chronic health effects especially in developing countries like India in last 2-3 decades. This study is small effort to know prevalence and risk factors causing obesity. Aim of the study was to estimate prevalence of obesity and its risk factors in school students of age group 11 to 16 years.Methods: About 207 adolescent school children from selected school were enrolled in the study. Research tool comprised of questions about demographic characteristics, daily physical activity, frequency of having junk food intake etc. Height and weight were measured on calibrated scales. For statistical analysis MS Excel and SPSS 16 were used.Results: Among participants 58.9% were boys. 66.7% students were in the 13 to 14 years of age group. As per body mass index, 46.9% children were underweight and 8.7% were obese. 77.3% participants were eating junk food more than once in a week.Conclusions: Health education on dietary habits and physical activity is needed for adolescent children to prevent development of obesity and complications related to it.

Mental Health Literacy in Iranian Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1551-1556
Author(s):  
Arezoo . ◽  
Behbood . ◽  
Alireza . ◽  
Salehi . ◽  
Hossein . ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
At Risk ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
Mental Health Literacy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Illiteracy

Background: Mental health literacy (MHL) is a relatively ignored determinant of community mental health in Iran, in which its level and determinants should be addressed. Aim: To investigate MHL and its components among Iranian adolescents. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted. After multistage cluster random sampling, 500 high school students were enrolled. Previously validated Persian version of theMHL Scale (MHLS) was used for data collection. In addition, data on socio-demographic variables were also collected. Adolescents with an MHL score of less than 60% of the achievable score were considered as at-risk of mental health illiteracy. Relevant statistical analyses were used to determine the MHL level and its association with sociodemographic variables. Results: Overall prevalence of being at-risk of mental health illiteracy was estimated at 71.5 % (95% CI: 67.1, 75.6). Prevalence of being at-risk of stigmatization, inadequate self-help knowledge, and information seeking was 91.2 (95% CI: 88.3, 93.7), 60.3 (95% CI: 59.8, 60.8), and 36.6 (95% CI: 36.1, 37.1), respectively. Having religious beliefs was associated with the stigmatization component (adjusted OR= 2.66, 95% CI: 1.27-5.59). Conclusions: Prevalence of being at-risk of mental health illiteracy is high among Iranian adolescents. Mental disorders are highly stigmatized in Iran. Keywords: Mental Health Literacy, Health Literacy, Adolescent, Iran, Mental Disorder

Hawaii's Healthy Start Program of Home Visiting for At-Risk Families: Evaluation of Family Identification, Family Engagement, and Service Delivery

PEDIATRICS ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 105 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 250-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Duggan ◽  
Amy Windham ◽  
Elizabeth McFarlane ◽  
Loretta Fuddy ◽  
LCSW, MPH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Early Identification ◽  
Home Visiting ◽  
Family Engagement ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Family Characteristics ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthy Start Program

Objective. To describe family identification, family engagement, and service delivery in a statewide home visiting program for at-risk families of newborns. Setting. Six target communities of Hawaii's Healthy Start Program (HSP), which incorporates 1) early identification of at-risk families of newborns via population-based screening and assessment, and 2) paraprofessionalhome visiting to improve family functioning, promote child health and development, and prevent child maltreatment. Design. Cross-sectional study: describes early identification process and family characteristics associated with initial enrollment. Longitudinal study: describes home visiting process and characteristics associated with continued participation. Subjects. Cross-sectional study: civilian births in 6 communities (n = 6553). Longitudinal study: at-risk families in the intervention group of a randomized trial of the HSP (n = 373). Measures. Process: completeness and timeliness of early identification and home visiting activities; family characteristics: sociodemographics, child abuse risk factors, infant biologic risk. Results. Early identification staff determined risk status for 84% of target families. Families with higher risk scores, young mothers with limited schooling, and families with infants at biologic risk were more likely to enroll in home visiting. Half of those who enrolled were active at 1 year with an average of 22 visits. Families where the father had multiple risk factors and where the mother was substance abusing were more likely to have ≥12 visits; mothers who were unilaterally violent toward the father were less likely. Most families were linked with a medical home; linkage rates for other community resources varied widely by type of service. Half of families overall, but ≥80% of those active at 1 year, received core home visiting services. Performance varied by program site. Conclusions. It is challenging to engage and retain at-risk families in home visiting. Service monitoring must be an integral part of operations.

scholarly journals Analyzing Awareness on Risk Factors, Barriers and Prevention of Cervical Cancer among Pairs of Nepali High School Students and Their Mothers

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (22) ◽  
pp. 4382
Author(s):  
Kritika Poudel ◽  
Naomi Sumi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High School ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cancer Education ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Screening Practice

Providing information on increased cancer risks associated with certain behaviors might encourage adolescents to initiate protective behaviors. This study firstly determined the knowledge of risk factors and prevention of cervical cancer. Secondly, it checked an association between mothers’ screening practice and student’s knowledge. A descriptive, cross sectional study was conducted among 253 pairs of high school students and their mothers. Knowledge on cervical cancer was significantly lower among students and mothers. While cancer screening tests, maintenance of hygiene were considered as major preventive measures for cervical cancer, human papilloma vaccine was the least considered preventive measure. Students who were female, attended discussions on cancer and had a healthy diet had better awareness of cancer. Mothers of female students had better knowledge about cervical cancer than mothers of male students. Less perceived susceptibility and lack of knowledge were major obstacles among mothers, limiting cervical cancer screening to 15%. Although association between knowledge of students and screening practice of mothers was not clear, it was observed that cancer communication increased awareness of cervical cancer in both groups. Our findings showed a strong need for school-based cancer education program to address the issues of human papillomavirus vaccinations, cervical cancer risk and screening.

scholarly journals Meningococcal carriage in Norwegian teenagers: strain characterisation and assessment of risk factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. V. Watle ◽  
D. A. Caugant ◽  
G. Tunheim ◽  
T. Bekkevold ◽  
I. Laake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Invasive Potential ◽  
School Students ◽  
Carriage Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Strain Characterisation ◽  
Swedish Snus

Abstract Teenagers have a higher risk of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) than the general population. This cross-sectional study aimed to characterise strains of Neisseria meningitidis circulating among Norwegian teenagers and to assess risk factors for meningococcal carriage. Oropharyngeal swabs were collected from secondary-school students in southeastern Norway in 2018–2019. Meningococcal isolates were characterised using whole genome sequencing. Risk factors for meningococcal carriage were assessed from questionnaire data. Samples were obtained from 2296 12–24-year-olds (majority 13–19-year-olds). N. meningitidis was identified in 167 (7.3%) individuals. The highest carriage rate was found among 18-year-olds (16.4%). Most carriage isolates were capsule null (40.1%) or genogroup Y (33.5%). Clonal complexes cc23 (35.9%) and cc198 (32.3%) dominated and 38.9% of carriage strains were similar to invasive strains currently causing IMD in Norway. Use of Swedish snus (smokeless tobacco) (OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.07–2.27), kissing >two persons/month (OR 2.76, 95% CI 1.49–5.10) and partying >10 times/3months (OR 3.50, 95% CI 1.45–8.48) were associated with carriage, while age, cigarette smoking, sharing of drinking bottles and meningococcal vaccination were not. The high meningococcal carriage rate among 18-year-olds is probably due to risk-related behaviour. Use of Swedish snus is possibly a new risk factor for meningococcal carriage. Almost 40% of circulating carriage strains have invasive potential.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and young Italians: results of a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Lia ◽  
B Dorelli ◽  
M Marte ◽  
M Chiappetta ◽  
A Faticoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Young People ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background At the end of 2019, a novel pneumonia-causing Coronavirus called Sars-CoV-2 was first identified in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. It subsequently spread throughout China and elsewhere, becoming a global health emergency. In February 2020, WHO designated the disease COVID-19, which stands for Coronavirus disease 2019. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on the perception of young Italians and to assess their knowledge and attitudes about the disease. Methods An online survey was conducted on 3rd-4th-5th February 2020 with the collaboration of “Skuola.net”, an important Italian Website for students. Young people had the opportunity to participate in the survey by answering an ad hoc questionnaire created to investigate knowledge and attitudes about the new Coronavirus, using a link published on the homepage. Results 5234 responses were received of which 3262 were females and 1972 were males, aged from 11 to 30. 82,4% were students (50,4% high school students) while 17,6% did not attend school or university. Regarding knowledge, 80% of the participants knew that the infection occurs through droplets from infected people; 63% knew that symptoms can appear up to 14 days after exposure; 80% knew that a vaccine has not yet been discovered. Regarding attitudes, 36% admitted that their attitude towards Chinese tourists has significantly worsened; 26% did not buy from Chinese run stores and 24% avoided Chinese restaurants. Conclusions Although most of the participants seem correctly informed about COVID-19, young Italians are at risk of assuming irrational behavior due to psychosis. Key messages The global emergency of COVID-19 needs adequate information to avoid the spread of dangerous psychoses. Young people, usual users of social networks as a means of information, are more at risk of being influenced by fake news and adopting wrong behaviors.

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