Neuropsychiatric Symptoms of Alzheimer’s Disease in Down Syndrome and Its Impact on Caregiver Distress

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Luciana Mascarenhas Fonseca ◽  
Guilherme Prado Mattar ◽  
Glenda Guerra Haddad ◽  
Burduli Ekaterina ◽  
Sterling M. McPherson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Caregiver Distress ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Inventory ◽  
Point Increase ◽  
Behavior Disturbances ◽  
Behavior Disturbance ◽  
Prodromal Dementia

Background: Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) are non-cognitive manifestations common to dementia and other medical conditions, with important consequences for the patient, caregivers, and society. Studies investigating NPS in individuals with Down syndrome (DS) and dementia are scarce. Objective: Characterize NPS and caregiver distress among adults with DS using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). Methods: We evaluated 92 individuals with DS (≥30 years of age), divided by clinical diagnosis: stable cognition, prodromal dementia, and AD. Diagnosis was determined by a psychiatrist using the Cambridge Examination for Mental Disorders of Older People with Down’s Syndrome and Others with Intellectual Disabilities (CAMDEX-DS). NPS and caregiver distress were evaluated by an independent psychiatrist using the NPI, and participants underwent a neuropsychological assessment with Cambridge Cognitive Examination (CAMCOG-DS). Results: Symptom severity differed between-groups for delusion, agitation, apathy, aberrant motor behavior, nighttime behavior disturbance, and total NPI scores, with NPS total score being found to be a predictor of AD in comparison to stable cognition (OR for one-point increase in the NPI = 1.342, p = 0.012). Agitation, apathy, nighttime behavior disturbances, and total NPI were associated with CAMCOG-DS, and 62% of caregivers of individuals with AD reported severe distress related to NPS. Caregiver distress was most impacted by symptoms of apathy followed by nighttime behavior, appetite/eating abnormalities, anxiety, irritability, disinhibition, and depression (R2 = 0.627, F(15,76) = 8.510, p < 0.001). Conclusion: NPS are frequent and severe in individuals with DS and AD, contributing to caregiver distress. NPS in DS must be considered of critical relevance demanding management and treatment. Further studies are warranted to understand the biological underpinnings of such symptoms.

scholarly journals The association between caregiver distress and individual neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 286-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annibal Truzzi ◽  
Letice Valente ◽  
Eliasz Engelhardt ◽  
Jerson Laks
Keyword(s):  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Caregiver Distress ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Inventory ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Distress Scale

ABSTRACT Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) of dementia constitute one of the most related factors to caregiver burden and patients' early institutionalization. Few studies in Brazil have examined which symptoms are associated with higher levels of caregiver distress. Objective: To evaluate the caregiver distress related to individual NPS in familial caregivers of patients with dementia. We also examined which caregiver and patient factors predict caregiver distress associated with NPS. Methods: One hundred and fifty-nine familial caregiver and dementia outpatient dyads were included. The majority of the patients had a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (66.7%). Caregivers were assessed with a sociodemographic questionnaire, Beck Anxiety and Depression Inventories, and the Neuropsychiatric Inventory - Distress Scale. Patients were submitted to the Mini-Mental State Examination, Functional Activities Questionnaire, and the Neuropsychiatric Inventory. Spearman's rank correlation was used to assess the relationships between the continuous variables. Multiple linear regression analyses with backward stepping were performed to assess the ability of caregiver and patient characteristics to predict levels of caregiver distress associated with NPS. Results: Apathy (M=1.9; SD=1.8), agitation (M=1.3; SD=1.8), and aberrant motor behavior (AMB) (M=1.2; SD=1.7) were the most distressful NPS. The frequency/severity of NPS was the strongest factor associated with caregiver distress (rho=0.72; p<0.05). Conclusion: The early recognition and management of apathy, agitation and AMB in dementia patients by family members and health professionals may lead to better care and quality of life for both patients and caregivers.

scholarly journals The impact of lockdown during SARS-CoV-2 outbreak on behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 825-833
Author(s):  
Arianna Manini ◽  
Michela Brambilla ◽  
Laura Maggiore ◽  
Simone Pomati ◽  
Leonardo Pantoni
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Caregiver Distress ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Inventory ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Behavioral And Psychological Symptoms

Abstract Background During Covid-19 pandemic, the Italian government adopted restrictive limitations and declared a national lockdown on March 9, which lasted until May 4 and produced dramatic consequences on people’s lives. The aim of our study was to assess the impact of prolonged lockdown on behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). Methods Between April 30 and June 8, 2020, we interviewed with a telephone-based questionnaire the caregivers of the community-dwelling patients with dementia who had their follow-up visit scheduled from March 9 to May 15 and canceled due to lockdown. Among the information collected, patients’ BPSDs were assessed by the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). Non-parametric tests to compare differences between NPI scores over time and logistic regression models to explore the impact of different factors on BPSD worsening were performed. Results A total of 109 visits were canceled and 94/109 caregivers completed the interview. Apathy, irritability, agitation and aggression, and depression were the most common neuropsychiatric symptoms experienced by patients both at baseline and during Covid-19 pandemic. Changes in total NPI and caregiver distress scores between baseline and during lockdown, although statistically significant, were overall modest. The logistic regression model failed to determine predictors of BPSD worsening during lockdown. Conclusion This is one of the first studies to investigate the presence of BPSD during SARS-CoV-2 outbreak and related nationwide lockdown, showing only slight, likely not clinically relevant, differences in BPSD burden, concerning mostly agitation and aggression, anxiety, apathy and indifference, and irritability.

Correlation of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Dementia with Brain Perfusion: A 99mTc-SPECT-HMPAO Study with Brodmann Areas Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Varvara Valotassiou ◽  
Nikolaos Sifakis ◽  
Chara Tzavara ◽  
Evi Lykou ◽  
Niki Tsinia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Partial Correlation ◽  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Lewy Body Dementia ◽  
Brain Perfusion ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Inventory ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Brodmann Areas

Background: Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPSs) are common in dementia. Their evaluation is based on Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). Neuroimaging studies have tried to elucidate the underlying neural circuits either in isolated NPSs or in specific forms of dementia. Objective: : The objective of this study is to evaluate the correlation of NPS in the NPI with Brodmann areas (BAs) perfusion, for revealing BAs involved in the pathogenesis of NPSs in dementia of various etiologies. Method: We studied 201 patients (82 with Alzheimer's disease, 75 with Frontotemporal dementia, 27 with Corticobasal Syndrome, 17 with Parkinson Disease/Lewy Body Dementia). Exploratory factor analysis was carried out to evaluate underlying groups of BAs, and Principal Component analysis was chosen as extraction method using Varimax rotation. Partial correlation coefficients were computed to explore the association of factors obtained from analysis and NPI items controlling for age, educational yeas, and ACE-R. Results: We found 6 BAs Factors(F); F1 (BAs 8,9,10,11,24,32,44,45,46,47, bilaterally), F2 (Bas 4,5,6,7,23,31, bilaterally), F3 (BAs 19,21,22,37,39,40, bilaterally), F4 (BAs 20,28,36,38, bilaterally), F5 (BAs 25, bilaterally) and F6 (BAs 17,18, bilaterally). Significant and negative correlation was found between NPI1 (delusions) and F3,F6, NPI2 (hallucinations) and F6, NPI7 (apathy) and F1,F4,F5, NPI3 (agitation) - NPI10 (aberrant motor behavior) - NPI12 (eating disorders) and F1. We did not find any significant correlation for NPI4,5,6,8,9,11 (depression, anxiety, euphoria, disinhibition, irritability, sleep disorders, respectively). Conclusion: Several NPSs share the same BAs among different types of dementia, while the manifestation of the rest may be attributed to different neural networks. These findings may have an impact on patients’ treatment.

scholarly journals Association of caregiver demographic variables with neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease patients for distress on the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI)

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cláudia Godinho ◽  
Analuiza Camozzato ◽  
Renata Kochhann ◽  
Márcia Lorena Fagundes Chaves
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Behavioral Symptoms ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Inventory ◽  
Distress Level

Abstract Behavioral symptoms are frequently observed in Alzheimer's disease patients and are associated to higher distress for patients and caregivers, early institutionalization, worst prognosis and increased care. Objectives: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the frequency of neuropsychiatric symptoms in a sample of Alzheimer's disease patients and to analyze association between caregiver demographic characteristics and patient symptoms. Methods: Sixty Alzheimer's disease patients (NINCDS-ADRDA) and their caregivers were consecutively included in the investigation by the Dementia Outpatient clinic of Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. The Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) was applied to evaluate behavioral symptoms and their impact upon caregivers. Age, sex, educational attainment, relationship to the patient, and time as caregiver were obtained from all caregivers. Results: Apathy was the symptom responsible for the highest distress level, followed by agitation and aggression. A significant correlation between total severity NPI and distress NPI was observed. None of the caregiver demographic data showed association to distress. The most frequent symptoms were apathy and aberrant motor behavior. Patients' relatives also considered apathy as the most severe symptom, followed by depression and agitation. Conclusions: Apathy was the most frequent and severe neuropsychiatric symptom. No relationship between caregiver demographic characteristics and distress was observed.

Neuropsychiatric symptoms in Parkinson’s disease: association with caregiver distress and disease severity

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 733-739
Author(s):  
Wan-Chen Tsai ◽  
Hui-Chen Lin ◽  
Chiung-Chih Chang ◽  
Wen-Neng Chang ◽  
Chih-Cheng Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Caregiver Distress ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Inventory ◽  
Distress Scale

ABSTRACTObjectives:The condition of caregivers is important to the quality of care received by people with Parkinson’s disease (PD), especially at the late disease stages. This study addresses the distress placed on caregivers by participants’ neuropsychiatric symptoms at different stages of PD in TaiwanMethods:This prospective study enrolled 108 people with PD. All participants were examined with the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI), and Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scale. Caregiver distress was measured using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Caregiver Distress Scale (NPI-D). Statistical analysis was used to explore the PD-related factors that contribute to caregiver distress.Results:The mean follow-up interval in the 108 PD participants were 24.0 ± 10.2 months with no participant lost to follow-up due to death. NPI-distress (the sum of NPI caregiver distress scale across the 12 domains of the NPI) was positively correlated with NPI-sum (the total score across the 12 domains of the NPI) (r = 0.787, p < 0.001), CDR (r = 0.403, p < 0.001), UPRDS (r = 0.276, p = 0.004), and disease duration (r = 0.246, p = 0.002), but negatively correlated with CASI (r = −0.237, p = 0.043) and MMSE (r = −0.281, p < 0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that only NPI-sum and disease duration were independently correlated with NPI-distress.Conclusion:The disease duration and NPI-sum are independent predictors of caregiver distress in Taiwanese populations with PD. Early detection and reduction of neuropsychiatric symptoms in people with PD can help decrease caregiver distress.

scholarly journals Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Patients with Dementia Associated with Increased Psychological Distress in Caregivers During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Wyllians Vendramini Borelli ◽  
Marina Coutinho Augustin ◽  
Paola Bell Felix de Oliveira ◽  
Lorenzo Casagrande Reggiani ◽  
Renato Gorga Bandeira-de-Mello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Caregiver Distress ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Inventory ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Dementia Patients ◽  
The Social

Background: The social isolation imposed by COVID-19 pandemic can have a major impact on the mental health of dementia patients and their caregivers. Objective: We aim to evaluate the neurological decline of patients with dementia and the caregivers’ burden during the pandemic. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study. Caregivers of dementia patients following in the outpatient clinic were included. A structured telephone interview composed of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI-Q), Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI), Beck Depression (BDI) and Anxiety (BAI) Inventories to address cognitive, behavioral, and functional changes associated with social distancing during the Sars-Cov-2 outbreak. Patients were divided in two groups according to caregivers’ report: with perceived Altered Cognition (AC) and Stable Cognition (SC). Results: A total of 58 patients (median age: 57 years [21–87], 58.6%females) and caregivers (median age: 76.5 years [55–89], 79.3%females) were included. Cognitive decline was shown by most patients (53.4%), as well as behavioral symptoms (48.3%), especially apathy/depression (24.1%), and functional decline (34.5%). The AC group (n = 31) presented increased behavioral (67.7%versus 25.9%, p = 0.002) and functional (61.3%versus 3.7%, p <  0.001) changes when compared to the SC group. In the AC group, ZBI, BDI, NPI-Q caregiver distress, and NPI-Q patient’s severity of symptoms scores were worse than the SC group (p <  0.005 for all). Conclusion: Patients’ neuropsychiatric worsening and caregiver burden were frequent during the pandemic. Worsening of cognition was associated with increased caregivers’ psychological distress.

scholarly journals Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Primary Progressive Aphasia and Apraxia of Speech

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 228-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarun D. Singh ◽  
Joseph R. Duffy ◽  
Edythe A. Strand ◽  
Mary M. Machulda ◽  
Jennifer L. Whitwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Duration ◽  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Primary Progressive Aphasia ◽  
Behavioral Symptoms ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Inventory ◽  
Progressive Aphasia ◽  
Primary Progressive ◽  
Distinguishing Features

Aim: To conduct a prospective analysis of the neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) across the three categories of primary progressive aphasia (PPA) and progressive apraxia of speech (PAOS), compare the prevalence and nature of the symptoms, and look at which symptoms could be helpful to better differentiate these PPA and PAOS categories. Methods: A total of 106 consecutive patients with a diagnosis of semantic variant (n = 13), logopenic variant (n = 37), agrammatic variant (n = 15) or PAOS (n = 41) were included in this prospective study. The NPS were measured by the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire. Results: There were 65 patients with PPA and 41 with PAOS diagnosis. The most distinguishing features between the two groups were anxiety, apathy, aberrant motor behavior and appetite, while among the subtypes of PPA they were disinhibition and appetite changes. PPA and PAOS patients initially exhibited depression, but with increased disease duration, PAOS patients showed apathy (55.5%) while PPA patients showed disinhibition (28.6%) and aberrant motor behavior (14.3%). Conclusion: Mood symptoms like anxiety and appetite changes are more likely to be present at initial stages of PPA, whereas behavioral symptoms like aberrant motor behavior and apathy are likely to occur early in PAOS. The NPS seem to evolve with the progression of the disease in both PPA and PAOS.

scholarly journals Association of brain amyloidosis with the incidence and frequency of neuropsychiatric symptoms in ADNI: a multisite observational cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. e031947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naira Goukasian ◽  
Kristy S. Hwang ◽  
Tamineh Romero ◽  
Jonathan Grotts ◽  
Triet M. Do ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Amyloid Pet ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Inventory ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Survival Analyses ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Amyloid Pathology

ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between amyloid burden and frequency of existing and incidence of new neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in elderly with and without cognitive decline.Methods275 cognitively normal controls (NC), 100 subjective memory complaint (SMC), 559 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 143 Alzheimer’s disease dementia subjects from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative received (18F)-florbetapir positron emission tomography (PET) scans. Yearly neuropsychiatric inventory (Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI)/NPI-Questionnaire) data were collected from the study partners at each visit. Mean standard uptake volume ratios (SUVR) normalised to whole cerebellum were obtained. Positive amyloid PET scan was defined as mean SUVR ≥1.17. Fisher’s exact test was used to compare frequency and incidence between amyloid positive and amyloid negative subjects. Survival analyses were used to estimate of neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) between amyloid positive and amyloid negative subjects. Survival analyses were used to estimate hazard ratios for developing the most common NPS by amyloid status.ResultsNo differences in NPS frequency were seen between amyloid positive and amyloid negative NC, SMC, MCI or dementia groups. MCI subjects with amyloid pathology however tended to have greater frequency x severity (FxS) of anxiety, hallucinations, delusions, apathy, disinhibition, irritability, aberrant motor behavior, and appetite, but not agitation, depression, night-time disturbances, or elation. MCI subjects with amyloid pathology were at greater risk for developing apathy, anxiety and agitation over time. Baseline presence of agitation and apathy and new onset agitation, irritability and apathy predicted faster conversion to dementia among MCI subjects.ConclusionsAmyloid pathology is associated with greater rate of development of new NPS in MCI. Anxiety and delusions are significant predictors of amyloid pathology. Agitation, irritability and apathy are significant predictors for conversion from MCI to dementia.

How Well Do Caregivers Detect Depression and Anxiety in Patients With Parkinson Disease?

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 227-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhong Jie Kua ◽  
Nancy A. Pachana ◽  
Gerard J. Byrne ◽  
John D. O’Sullivan ◽  
Rodney Marsh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Parkinson Disease ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Caregiver Distress ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Inventory ◽  
Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview ◽  
Caregiver Report ◽  
Level Of Agreement

Depression and anxiety are prevalent in Parkinson disease (PD) yet underrecognized in clinical practice. Caregiver reports are frequently utilized to aid in the assessment of neuropsychiatric symptoms but little is known about caregivers’ ability to recognize them in patients with PD. This study sought to examine the accuracy of caregiver reports. Eighty patient–caregiver dyads were involved. Accuracy of caregiver recognition was assessed by examining the level of agreement between caregiver ratings on the Neuropsychiatric Inventory and patients’ diagnosis of depression and anxiety on the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI)-Plus. The agreement between caregiver report and MINI-Plus diagnosis was low for both depression (6.3%) and anxiety (17.5%). The presence of depression was overreported, while anxiety was largely underestimated by caregivers. Caregiver distress significantly predicted inaccurate caregiver identification of depression ( R2 = .51, P < .001) and anxiety ( R2 = .08, P < .05). Results indicate that caregivers may be poor at recognizing depression and anxiety in patients with PD. Utilization of caregiver report should take into account potential biases that affect caregiver judgment.

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