scholarly journals ESTIMATED PROPORTION AND FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS IN CHILDREN UNDER FIVE IN ISLAMABAD PAKISTAN

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-99
Author(s):  
Nadia Jabeen ◽  
Shahzad Ali Khan ◽  
Zubia Qureshi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Occupation Number ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children

Background: Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) is an important cause of mortality and morbidity in children, especially in under-fives, it is necessary to explore its risk factors for better health of children. Methods: This study was a cross sectional study, conducted in the Federal Government Polyclinic Dispensary of G- 7/3-4, Islamabad on 104 under five children, from April 2016 to June 2016. All the children from 0-59 years of age, irrespective of sex visiting dispensary were included in the study. Structured questionnaire used to collect the data. Frequencies and proportions were calculated as descriptive part of the analysis while Qui/Fisher Exact test was done as inferential analysis by using SPSS. Results: Out of 104 under five children ARI was found in 34 (32.7%). It was more in male children 23 (37.1) compared to female 11 (26.2%). A significant association was found between ARI and child's birthplace, their history of low birth weight, breast-feeding history, vaccination status, mothers education, mother's occupation, number of family members, smoking in fathers, ventilation condition of home, kitchen type, and knowledge of mothers regarding ARI signs and symptoms. Conclusion: The present study found that ARI is prevalent in under five children of the studied area. Results suggested that there is need to enhance the knowledge of mothers regarding ARI risk factors, its signs and symptoms, prevention and treatment.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF ACUTE DIARRHEAL DISEASES AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS AMONG UNDER FIVE CHILDREN IN AN URBAN SLUM OF MUMBAI

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 690-694
Author(s):  
Swapnil Bele ◽  
◽  
S.R. Suryawanshi ◽  
Shailesh Palve ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Family Type ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Child Deaths ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Introduction: Diarrhoea is one of the single most common causes of death among children under age five worldwide. Diarrheal disorders in childhood account for a large proportion (18%) of childhood deaths, with an estimated 1.5 million deaths per year globally, making it the second most common cause of child deaths worldwide1.So the study was undertaken in order to study the prevalence and associated risk factors causing diarrhoea in urban slum of Metropolitan city. Methods- A cross sectional study was done from January 2012 to December 2012 in Cheetah Camp area. Toal 478 under five children were selected and the parent/guardian of the child was interviewed using pre-designed, semi-structured and pre-tested questionnaires. Results and Conclusion-The prevalence of diarrhoea in children under 5 years during past 2 weeks was 17.8%. Diarrheal episodes in the past 2 weeks was significantly associated with education of mother, socioeconomic status of family, type of family, source of water supply, housefly nuisance in home, child hand-washing before meals, mother hand-washing before meals and immunization status.

scholarly journals Enteropathogens in Under-Five Children with Diarrhea in Health Facilities of Debre Berhan Town, North Shoa, Ethiopia

1970 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tizazu Zenebe Zelelie ◽  
Demissew Shenkute Gebreyes ◽  
Alemnesh Tesema Tilahun ◽  
Hillary A. Craddock ◽  
Nigus Zegeye Gishen
Keyword(s):  
Acute Diarrhea ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Debre Berhan

BACKGROUND: Diarrheal disease is a major cause of mortality and morbidity for under-five children in Ethiopia. The purpose of this study was to investigate the behavioral and socioeconomic risk factors, etiology, and drug susceptibility of bacteria isolated from under-five children with acute diarrhea who were treated at Debre Berhan Referral Hospital or Health Center in Ethiopia.METHODS: A health facility based cross-sectional study design was used to investigate enteropathogens from 163 under-five children with acute diarrhea. After obtaining written consent from parents or guardians, data were collected using a standardized questionnaire. Freshly passed stool samples were collected for microbiological tests for bacteria and parasites. The chi-square test was used for assessing the relationships of variables.RESULTS: Enteropathogens were detected among 55.8% (91/163) participants. There was a 46%(75/163) bacterial culture positivity rate and a 9.8%(16/163) prevalence of parasites. The isolated enteropathogens were Escherchia coli, Klebsiella specie, Proteus species, Salmonella species, Shigella species, Enterobacter species, Giardia lamblia, Enteameba histolytica, Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and Hymnoleps nana. Level of antimicrobial resistance of bacterial isolates ranged from 0 to 87.2%. Poor hand washing and poor cleaning of feeding utensils showed significant association with the presence of enteropathogens.CONCLUSION: Bacterial enteropathogens with drug resistance were observed in this study. Continuous health education and promotion about diarrheal disease for mothers/caretakers and regular surveillance of entropathogenes are recommended to reduce under-five mortality. 

scholarly journals Evaluation of Risk Factors Associated with Rotaviral Diarrhoea among Under Five Children in Sylhet Region of Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
Farjana Binte Habib ◽  
Mohammed Mirazur Rahman ◽  
Md Moynul Haque ◽  
Probhat Ranjan Dey ◽  
Premananda Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Bottle Feeding ◽  
Watery Diarrhoea ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Under Five Children

Retrovirus is the major cause of acute severe diarrhea in under five children and contributing 10,000 to 27000 deaths each year in Bangladesh. This cross-sectional study was designed to determine the risk factors associated with Rotaviral among under five children admitted in the Department of Paediatrics, Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College Hospital, Sylhet and was carried out in the Department of Microbiology during the period from 1st January to 31st December, 2018. Total 184 under five children with acute watery diarrhoea were enrolled in this study by convenient sampling. Stool samples were obtained and assayed for rotavirus antigens by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Rotaviral antigen was found positive in 86 cases.The Rotavirus infection was found highest in age group of 7 to 12 months (50.56%) and in male (59.30%) children. It was found significantly higher in patients from lower socio-economic condition (64.00%), those who were from rural area (48.75%) and children who were not exclusively breastfed (83.87%). Bottle feeding, lower educational level of mother and overweight of children may serve as predisposing factors of rotavirus disease in these children. Bangladesh Med J. 2019 May; 48 (2): 32-37

scholarly journals Baseline Assessment of Risk Factors of Presumptive Tuberculosis among under Five Children Living with an Index Client under Treatment in Mbale District, Eastern Uganda

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Rosemary Tumusiime ◽  
Charles Mukasa ◽  
Agatha K Kisakya-Maria ◽  
Irene Mildred Neumbe ◽  
Jerome Odyeny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Baseline Assessment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Eastern Uganda

Background and Aims: Children in contact with adults having pulmonary Tuberculosis (TB) are vulnerable to TB infection and hence contact tracing and screening is important for early detection of infection. However, there are few contacts traced and the prevalence and risk factors for transmission are not well studied. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of infection and risk factors associated with TB transmission among under five children in household contact with adult pulmonary TB patients. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out in three health facilities with a high TB burden in Mbale District, Eastern Uganda involving all under five household contacts of adults with pulmonary tuberculosis recorded in the TB register from October 2018 to March 2019 and still on treatment. Structured questionnaires were administered to the index clients to obtain their demographic and clinical data about TB, HIV as well as information on the children. Children were screened using the intensive case finding forms to identify presumptive cases. Results: The total number of index TB Clients line listed were 70. Number of clients traced was 38, 21 (%) of whom had children under five years and a total of 33 children were identified. The number of presumptive cases was 9/33 (27.27%). 77.8% of the presumptive cases were living in poorly ventilated houses. Conclusion: The study identified children with presumptive TB and various risk factors for TB transmission. Intensive contact tracing can therefore help reduce TB transmission within the communities. It is recommended to undertake studies aiming at improving contact tracing and strategies to eliminate the risk factors to TB transmission.

scholarly journals A study of vaccination delay among under-five attendees at an immunisation clinic in a rural area of Goa

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1628
Author(s):  
Elvira Noronha ◽  
Hemangini K. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Training Centre ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Study Participants

Background: Vaccination has effectively shown to reduce mortality and morbidity due to vaccine-preventable diseases. However, these diseases are still responsible for majority of childhood deaths worldwide especially in the developing countries. It should be realized that with hesitance or delaying vaccinations, the period that the child at risk increases. Hence, the following study was conducted.Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out among 251 under-five immunization clinic attendees at an immunization clinic conducted at the Rural Health and Training Centre in Goa for a period of two months. Parents of the under-five children were interviewed and vaccination dates were obtained from health cards and vaccination delay was assessed.Results: Out of the total 251 study participants, 43.4% were males and 56.6% were females; 36.7% belonged to <2 years of age whereas 63.3% belonged to >2 years of age group. The education of the mothers and fathers of under five children, upto secondary education was 50.6% and 55.4% respectively and 31.5% of the study participants belonged to high socio-economic status. It was observed that 31% of the study participants (n=78) had a vaccination delay whereas 69% (n=173) of them were vaccinated on time. The reasons for delay in vaccination included unawareness, forgetfulness, sickness and migration. A statistically significant association was found between age, working status, socio-economic status and vaccination delay (p<0.05).Conclusions: Strategies must be evolved to educate the parents in the study area to have greater awareness regarding the immunization programmes. 

scholarly journals Socio-demographic, environmental and behavioural factors of the prevalence of diarrhea among children age under-five years in Rural Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melkamu Molla Ferede
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Birth Order ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Older Mothers ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Behavioural Risk Factors

Abstract Background: Diarrhea is one of the major contributors to deaths for under age five children in Ethiopia. Studies conducted in different countries showed that rural children are highly affected by diarrhea than urban children [11, 26, 27]. Thus, the purpose of this study was to identify the socio-demographic, environmental and behavioural risk factors of the prevalence of diarrhea among children age under five years in Rural Ethiopia.Methods: Data for the study was drawn from the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey. A total of 8,041 under-five children were included in the study. Bivariate and multivariable binary logistic regression were employed for the analysis of the data to assess the relationships between the prevalence of diarrhea and socio-demographic, environmental and behavioural risk factors among under five children. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 23. Results: The multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that younger mothers’ children and child’s age 6-11 months (AOR: 3.5; 95% CI: 2.58-4.87), 12-23 months (AOR: 3.1; 95% CI: 2.33-4.04) and 24-35 months (AOR: 1.7; 95% CI: 1.26-2.34) were significantly associated with diarrhea. The two week prevalence of diarrhea was also significantly associated with male children (AOR: 1.3; 95% CI: 1.05-1.58), Children in rural Afar and Gambela regions, households who shared toilet facilities with other households (AOR: 1.4; 95% CI: 1.09-1.77), higher birth order number and households with 3 or more under-five children interacted with older mothers (AOR: 4.7; 95% CI: 1.64-13.45). Conclusion: The prevalence of diarrhea among under-five children was strongly associated with younger mothers, child’s age between 6-35 months, male children, children in rural part of Afar and Gambela regions, children with higher birth order numbers, those who shared toilet facility with other households and households with 3 or more number of under-five children interacted with older mothers/primary caregivers. Thus, in order to reduce childhood diarrhea, I suggest that child’s health care programs and other efforts in Ethiopia should give special attention to those categories of children who had highly affected by diarrhea.

scholarly journals Socio-demographic and Morbidity Pattern among Under-Five Children in Rural Areas of Adilabad District of Telangana, India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Devidas ◽  
Jagatabandhu Mohapatra ◽  
Parthsarathi Dehury ◽  
Ranjit Kumar Dehury
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children

Introduction: The health and well-being among children is an important parameter for the measurement of the progress of a nation, which is also most precious asset in the community for socio-economic development in long run. It is not wise to neglect the health rights of the children in the process of nation building. The under-five children are the most vulnerable group in a society in which there is lack of guarantee for adequate nutrition and social protection. The lack of essential health services ultimately leads to childhood diseases like diarrhoea, respiratory infections, and measles in various parts of India. Aim: To understand the socio-demographic and morbidity pattern among the children of under five years in a district of Telangana state, India. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken by interviewing mothers with the help of a predesigned and pretested questionnaire to understand the morbidity pattern of children under five years in the rural areas of Adilabad district, Telangana, India. The study was conducted in March 2015 in 30 villages. The study assessed various determinates of morbidity by applying scientific principles. The sample size was calculated as 210. The data was analysed by using MS Excel spread sheet and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software to understand the morbidity pattern. Descriptive statistical tests were done to find out the results. Results: The result confirms that 154 (73.33%) of the children under five years have several forms of morbidities. The most common morbidity was Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) (25.71%), which is followed by worm infestation (8.09%), diarrhoea (20%), fever (7.61%), scabies (7.61%), asthma (2.3%) and seizure (fits) (1.9%) in last three months from the data collection. All these diseases are prevalent in rural areas of high concern due to the impeding morbidity and mortality. Conclusion: The ARI and diarrhoea were found to be the cause of concern among under-five children, which dominate the morbidity pattern. The factors responsible with such precarious situation were deeply entrenched conditions like illiteracy, poor socio-economic conditions, poor environmental sanitation, and increased birth order among the population.

scholarly journals Respiratory symptoms and associated risk factors among under-five children in Northwest Ethiopia: community based cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zewudu Andualem ◽  
Asefa Adimasu Taddese ◽  
Zelalem Nigussie Azene ◽  
Jember Azanaw ◽  
Henok Dagne
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Introduction: Acute respiratory infections are still a major public health problem resulting in morbidity and mortality among under-five children. This study aims to assess the extent of respiratory symptoms and associated risk factors among under-five children in Gondar city, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out from February to June 2019. From 792 study participants, data were collected via face to face interviews by using a semi-structured pre-tested questionnaire. Data were entered in Epi Info version 7 then exported to Stata 14.00 for analysis. Binary (Bivariable and Multivariable) logistic regression analysis was used to test the association of explanatory and outcome variables. Variables with p<0.05 were considered as significantly associated with the outcome variable.Results: The prevalence of respiratory symptoms among under-five children was 37.5% at [95% (CI: 34.3-41)]. Uterine irritability during pregnancy [AOR = 1.89 at 95% CI: (1.11-3.23)], physical exercise during pregnancy [AOR = 0.60 at 95% CI: (0.41-0.89)], using wood and coal for heating [AOR = 2.42 at 95% CI: (1.65-3.53)], cockroaches infestation [AOR = 1.95 at 95% CI: (1.36 – 2.90)], presence of new carpets [AOR = 2.38 at 95% CI: (1.33-4.29)], damp stain [AOR = 2.45 at 95% CI: (1.02-2.69)], opening windows during cooking [AOR = 0.58 at 95% CI: (0.36 - 0 .93)], living less than 100 m heavy traffic [AOR = 1.94 at 95% CI: (1.16-3.27)], and living less than 100 m (unpaved roads/streets) [AOR= 2.89 at 95% CI: (1.89-4.55)] were significantly associated with respiratory symptoms.Conclusion: The prevalence of respiratory symptoms among under-five children was relatively high in the study area. Personal and environmental characteristics influencing symptom occurrence were identified. Respiratory symptoms will be minimized by reducing exposure to indoor and outdoor air pollution and enhancing housing quality.

scholarly journals Demographic and clinical profile of children with severe acute malnutrition admitted in a tertiary care hospital in Mahbubnagar, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 300
Author(s):  
Archana Reddy D. ◽  
Lakshmi Aparnadevi V. V.
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Severe Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children

Background: All possible efforts are being made by the governments, and other agencies to reduce the burden of these problems of malnutrition and deaths associated with it but still it remains a challenge. Severe acute malnutrition continues to constitute an important risk for mortality and morbidity among the under five children. Objective of the study was to study the profile and risk factors of severe acute malnutrition of the under five children in a tertiary care hospital setting.Methods: Hospital based cross sectional study was carried out among 60 under five children with severe acute malnutrition who were admitted for difference causes in the Pediatric wards of SVS Medical College and Hospital, Mahabubnagar. A detailed history and physical examination were done. Anthropometric indices like weight, length/height, MUAC and weight for height were recorded and analysed using WHO growth charts.Results: Majority of the children with severe acute malnutrition were found in the age group of 1-2 years i.e. 48.3%. Males were more (69%) compared to females (31%) and this can be attributed to the hospital based cross sectional nature of the present study. Only 21.6% of the children were completely immunized for age. Majority of the children were found to have grade IV type of malnutrition i.e. 38.3%. Majority of the children presented with fever in 71.6% of the cases. Majority of the children had gastrointestinal related comorbidity in 54.6% of the cases.Conclusions: Incomplete immunization, low social class, inappropriate feeding practices in young age of <1 year are important risk factors of severe acute malnutrition.

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