scholarly journals KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE OF LADY HEALTH VISITORS REGARDING CERVICAL CANCER IN PUBLIC SECTOR MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH CENTERS IN LAHORE, PAKISTAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 186-191
Author(s):  
Noreen Zafar ◽  
Anam Zahira ◽  
Moeen Ud din ◽  
Iffat Naz ◽  
Anwar Choudhary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Speculum Examination ◽  
Gynecological Examination

Background: Globally cancer has grown as public health issue in developing and developed countries, especially swiftly spreading in low income areas because there are inadequate means for prevention, diagnosis and treatment. Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional research study was conducted from 11th December to 31st, 2016. There are total 52 centers in Lahore are working to provide the basic MCH health services in the community headed by Lady Heath Visitors. Hence; all Lady Heath Visitors were selected to participate in the study and were interviewed at their center by a trained research associate. Results: All respondents had basic knowledge about cervical cancer. 96.1% respondents were aware about speculums used in gynecology examination, and rests were not aware. 94.2% were familiar with indication of cervical cancer, 92.3% were aware about indication for doing a speculum examination and 82.7% told that they were able to diagnose cervical cancer in routine gynecological examination and same percentage reported that they had been taught how to do speculum examination. Conclusion: Majority of staff had insufficient knowledge regarding cervical cancer prevalence, treatment and prevention. Practices of the health providers were not up to minimum standard of any basic health services.

scholarly journals Women’s knowledge and attitude towards cervical cancer preventive measures and associated factors In South Gondar Zone, Amhara Region, North Central Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yilkal Tafere ◽  
Tezera Jemere ◽  
Tsion Desalegn ◽  
Addisu Melak
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Cervical Cancer Prevention ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Women's Knowledge ◽  
Women’S Knowledge ◽  
South Gondar

Abstract Background Cervical cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among women in Ethiopia, often due to late disease diagnosis. Early prevention of cancer has been shown to be the most effective measure against the disease. Scientific evidences indicate that lack of awareness towards cervical cancer is a barrier to prevention strategies. Therefore, the aim of the current research was to assess women’s knowledge and attitudes towards cervical cancer preventions in South Gondar zone. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out in South Gondar zone, Ethiopia. The study sample comprised 844 women ≥ 18 years of age. Participants were selected using systematic sampling technique. Binary and multivariable logistic models were used to assess predictors of women’s knowledge and attitude towards cervical cancer. Results About 66 % of the women had heard about cervical cancer. Regarding the main source of information of respondents, 75.4 % were heard from health professionals. Sixty two point 4 % of women knew at least one preventive measure and 82.6 % of participants knew at least one symptom or sign. Among study participants, 25 and 64 % had good knowledge, and favorable attitude towards cervical cancer prevention measures, respectively. Being reside in rural (AOR = 0.21, 95 %CI; 0.18, 0.34), not attending formal education (AOR = 0.50, 95 % CI: 0.3, 0.75), low income (AOR = 0.57, 95 % CI: 0.43, 0.81) and having < 4 children ((AOR = 0.8, 95 % CI: 0.60–0.86) were negatively associated with knowledge toward cervical cancer prevention measures. Conclusions This study found the majority of the respondents had poor knowledge about cervical cancer prevention measures. The majority of the study participants had favorable attitudes regarding cervical cancer prevention. Living in rural areas, not attending formal education low income and having less than four children was negatively associated with respondents’ knowledge towards cervical cancer prevention measures. There is needed to scale up cervical cancer prevention measures and services .Further studies are needed using strong study design.

Adherence to Cervical Cancer Screening in Korean American Immigrant Women: Identifying Malleable Variables for Intervention Development

2020 ◽  
pp. 104365962091469
Author(s):  
Hee Yun Lee ◽  
Y. Joon Choi ◽  
Jihee Shin ◽  
Young Ji Yoon ◽  
Soonok An
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Pap Test ◽  
Intervention Development ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Korean American ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pap Tests ◽  
Study Results

Introduction. Despite Korean American women having a high incidence rate of cervical cancer, many are unaware of the significance of Pap test. The purpose of this research was to examine the rates of Pap test receipt and factors associated with the uptake. Method. The study was guided by Andersen’s Model of Health Service Use and used a cross-sectional research design. A sample of 230 women residing in metro-Atlanta, Georgia, participated in this study. Results. Slightly more than half (55.7%) had lifetime Pap tests while less than half (45.7%) had it within the last 3 years. Binary logistic regression indicated that marital status, monthly income, and annual checkups were significantly correlated with receiving Pap tests. Discussion. Special attention is needed for women who are unmarried and have low income to increase Pap test receipt. Suggested intervention programs include better communication strategies, extended Medicare coverage, and outreach programs within Korean American community.

scholarly journals Analyzing State Autism Private Insurance Mandates for Allied Health Services: A Pilot Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 218-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan D. Douglas ◽  
Teal W. Benevides ◽  
Henry Carretta
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Allied Health ◽  
Private Insurance ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Insurance Mandates ◽  
Full Analysis ◽  
Response State

Due to the prevalence, severity, and costs associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), it has become a public health issue. In response, state governments have adopted ASD-specific private insurance mandates requiring coverage of ASD screening, diagnosis, and treatment. Despite rapid uptake of these laws, differences exist in the type and levels of coverage, especially for allied health services including occupational therapy. We piloted a structured legal research methodology to code ASD insurance mandates that impact allied health service provisions. State private insurance mandates were obtained from WestlawNext. A coding methodology was piloted on 14 states and included variables for age and service limits, treatments covered, and medical necessity. Coding methods were feasible and highly reliable among raters. Ten of 12 states had a coverage mandate, many with specific provisions for allied health providers. A full analysis of all 50 states is warranted to identify provisions affecting allied health providers serving individuals with ASD.

scholarly journals Barriers to the use of health services among deaf and hard of hearing adults in Greece: a Cross-Sectional Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dialechti Tsimpida ◽  
Daphne Kaitelidou ◽  
Petros Galanis
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Sign Language ◽  
Hard Of Hearing ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Minority Population ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Use Of Health Services

Rationale, Aims and Objectives: To explore the issues related to the use of health services by deaf and hard of hearing adults in Greece.Method: The study population consisted of 140 adults with hearing loss (86 deaf and 54 hard of hearing). We gathered information about sociodemographic characteristics, use of health services characteristics, satisfaction from health providers and complaints during the use of health services.Results: A considerable percentage of the participants did not make appropriate use of healthcare services, as they made avoidable visits to emergency departments even for minor, short-term conditions (p=0.002) or used to just wait for the symptoms to pass in an illness occurrence (p=0.06). They also experienced major difficulties as part of the health visit (p=0.01) and the quality of communication with health providers (p=0.002). The absence of assistive technology, along with the lack of low availability of Sign Language interpreters, were important barriers for those that communicate in Sign Language. Regarding the engagement with healthcare providers, there were high rates of dissatisfaction from doctors, nurses and receptionists related to issues during the use of health services.Conclusions: Our results underscore the fact that deaf and hard of hearing persons constitute a minority population that experience major barriers during the use of health services and considerable difficulties in the healthcare provider-patient relationship. In light of these findings, a special effort must be made to ensure that deaf and hard of hearing individuals receive appropriate, ethical and person-centered healthcare.

scholarly journals Nutrition-related Knowledge and Behaviour and Financial Difficulties during the COVID-19 Quarantine in Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
Noha M. Almoraie ◽  
Mahitab A. Hanbazaza ◽  
Najlaa M. Aljefree ◽  
Israa M. Shatwan
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
High Income ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Financial Difficulties

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a severe global public health issue. Evaluating clinical readiness during a pandemic requires substantial awareness of public knowledge and the ability to predict behaviour when working with a highly pathogenic virus. Objective: This study examined nutrition-related knowledge and behaviours and financial difficulties related to COVID-19 among adults in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 968 participants via an online questionnaire focusing on demographics, nutrition-related knowledge regarding COVID-19, nutrition-related behaviours, and financial difficulties under COVID-19 quarantine. Results: Female participants showed higher scores in knowledge (3.15 ± 0.87) and nutrition-related behaviour (5.49 ± 1.2) during COVID-19. Those aged 40 to 49 years had the highest knowledge score, while older participants (>50) showed more adherence to positive nutrition-related behaviour (P < 0.0001 for both). Higher education indicated higher knowledge scores (3.4 2 ± 0.86; P = 0.001) but not behaviour scores. High-income participants had the highest knowledge score (3.29 ± 0.96; P = 0.001), while middle income participants had the highest behaviour scores (5.52 ± 1.23; P = 0.01). Low-income participants faced more difficulties with food source availability, compared to high-income participants. Conclusion: This study’s results help in providing guidelines for planning and designing health education programmes for vulnerable groups.

scholarly journals Living in the Southern Hemisphere: Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in Amazonian Riverine Populations

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 3630
Author(s):  
Gabriela P. Arrifano ◽  
Jacqueline I. Alvarez-Leite ◽  
Barbarella M. Macchi ◽  
Núbia F. S. S. Campos ◽  
Marcus Augusto-Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Vulnerable Populations ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Atherogenic Dyslipidemia ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Low Hdl

The metabolic syndrome (MetS) epidemic is a global challenge. Although developing countries (including Brazil, India, and South Africa) present a higher proportion of deaths by cardiovascular diseases than developed countries, most of our knowledge is from these developed countries. Amazonian riverine populations (ARP), as well as other vulnerable populations of the Southern Hemisphere, share low-income and traditional practices, among other features. This large cross-sectional study of ARP (n = 818) shows high prevalence of hypertension (51%) and obesity (23%). MetS was diagnosed in 38% of participants (especially in women and 60–69 years-old individuals) without the influence of ancestry. Only 7–8% of adults had no cardio-metabolic abnormalities related to MetS. Atherogenic dyslipidemia (low HDL-cholesterol) was generally observed, including in individuals without MetS. Still, slight differences were detected between settings with a clear predominance of hypertension in Tucuruí. Hypotheses on possible genetic influence and factors (nutrition transition and environmental pollutants -mercury) are proposed for future studies. Moreover, a roadmap to MetS progression based on the most prevalent components is provided for the development of tailored interventions in the Amazon (initially, individuals would present low HDL-cholesterol levels, later progressing to increased blood pressure characterizing hypertension, and ultimately reaching MetS with obesity). Our alarming results support the need to improve our knowledge on these vulnerable populations.

scholarly journals The COVID-19 vaccination experience in Bangladesh: Findings from a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 205873842110656
Author(s):  
Md. Rabiul Islam ◽  
Moynul Hasan ◽  
Waheeda Nasreen ◽  
Md. Ismail Tushar ◽  
Mohiuddin Ahmed Bhuiyan
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Mass Immunization

Objectives Vaccination rollout against COVID-19 has started in developed countries in early December 2020. Mass immunization for poor or low-income countries is quite challenging before 2023. Being a lower–middle-income country, Bangladesh has begun a nationwide COVID-19 vaccination drive in early February 2021. Here, we aimed to assess the opinions, experiences, and adverse events of the COVID-19 vaccination in Bangladesh. Methods We conducted this online cross-sectional study from 10 February 2021, to 10 March 2021, in Bangladesh. A self-reported semi-structured survey questionnaire was used using Google forms. We recorded demographics, disease history, medication records, opinions and experiences of vaccination, and associated adverse events symptoms. Results We observed leading comorbid diseases were hypertension (25.9%), diabetes (21.1%), heart diseases (9.3%), and asthma (8.7%). The most frequently reported adverse events were injection site pain (34.3%), fever (32.6%), headache (20.2%), fatigue (16.6%), and cold feeling (15.4%). The chances of having adverse events were significantly higher in males than females ( p = 0.039). However, 36.4% of respondents reported no adverse events. Adverse events usually appeared after 12 h and went way within 48 h of vaccination. Besides, 85.5% were happy with the overall vaccination management, while 88.0% of the respondents recommended the COVID-19 vaccine for others for early immunization. Conclusion According to the present findings, reported adverse events after the doses of Covishield in Bangladesh were non-serious and temporary. In Bangladesh, the early vaccination against COVID-19 was possible due to its prudent vaccine deal, previous mass vaccination experience, and vaccine diplomacy.

scholarly journals Evidence for Transmission of Taenia solium Taeniasis/Cysticercosis in a Rural Area of Northern Rwanda

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucrecia Acosta Soto ◽  
Lucy Anne Parker ◽  
María José Irisarri-Gutiérrez ◽  
Javier Arturo Bustos ◽  
Yesenia Castillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hygiene Measures

Cysticercosis is a parasitic infection caused by the metacestode larval stage (cysticercus) of Taenia solium. In humans, cysticercosis may infect the central nervous system and cause neurocysticercosis, which is responsible for over 50,000 deaths per year worldwide and is the major cause of preventable epilepsy cases, especially in low-income countries. Cysticercosis infection is endemic in many less developed countries where poor hygiene conditions and free-range pig management favor their transmission. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 680 children from a rural primary school in Gakenke district (Northern province of Rwanda). Stool samples were collected from participants and analyzed using the Kato-Katz method (KK), formol-ether concentration (FEC), and/or copro-antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (CoAg-ELISA) to detect taeniasis. Blood samples were collected and analyzed using enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB) and antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Ag-ELISA) to detect human cysticercosis. The overall proportion of taeniasis positivity was 0.3% (2/680), and both cases were also confirmed by CoAg-ELISA. A total of 13.3% (76/572) of the children studied were positive to cysticercosis (T. solium-specific serum antibodies detected by EITB), of whom 38.0% (27/71) had viable cysticercus (T. solium antigens by Ag-ELISA). This study provides evidence of the highest cysticercosis prevalence reported in Rwanda in children to date. Systematic investigations into porcine and human cysticercosis as well as health education and hygiene measures for T. solium control are needed in Gakenke district.

scholarly journals Childhood Sanitation Practices and Incidence of Diarrhea in Slum Communities With Implications for Community-Based Education in Less Developed Countries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akpovire B Oduaran ◽  
Okechukwu Stephen Chukwudeh
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Less Developed Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Community Based Education ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Slum Dwellers

Abstract Background Diarrhoea is a major cause of mortality among under-five children, especially in less developed countries. Previous studies on childhood diarrhoea have largely focused on biomedical methods with little attention given to community-based approach to reduce the prevalence of the disease in the slums, classified in literature among areas of high diarrhoea incidence. The key question is does childhood sanitation practices influence the incidence of diarrhea? This study, was therefore, designed to examine the association between childhood sanitation practices and incidence of diarrhea using community-based approach.Methods The value beliefs and planned behavior theories were adopted as framework, while cross-sectional survey was use to elicit data from 900 mothers of under-five children who had lived in the study locations for at least 12 months preceding the research and 10 In-depth interviews was conducted.Results There was a positive significant association between defecating with unimproved toilet facilities (χ2=42.167, p<0.05), cleaning buttocks with inappropriate materials (χ2=4.274, p<0.05), disposing faeces around household environments (χ2=10.542, p<0.05), and childhood diarrhea. The odds was higher among children whose mothers had no education (OR=1.560), widow (OR=5.542), poor (OR=1.556), and children that defecates with unhygienic toilet facilities (OR=7.806).Conclusion Community perceptions interact with poverty to influence unhygienic toilet practices in the slums. This has negative health implications on the lives of low-income and vulnerable slum dwellers. Thus, community-based education on improved sanitary practices is necessary to reduce diarrhoea prevalence.

scholarly journals Study on knowledge and practice of screening for cervical cancer among women from rural communities in central Kerala, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 4165
Author(s):  
Megha Jayaprakash ◽  
Georgy Joy Eralil ◽  
Rajany Jose ◽  
Radha K. R. ◽  
Vijilakshmi A. G. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pap Screening ◽  
Pap Smear Screening

Background: Early detection of cervical cancer is possible with Pap smear tests. The proportion of women who undergo Pap smear testing ranges from 68% to 84% in developed countries as compared to India where the rates range from 2.6% to 6.9% among women in communities. This study is to assess the knowledge of women about cervical cancer, its screening, role of doctor and source of information.Methods: Cross-sectional study – observational study of Women attending gynecology camps/op clinics held in rural areas of Ernakulam and Thrissur who are between 25 and 65 years of age Non-random sampling with Sequential inclusion of the women who met the study criteria. A questionnaire devised collecting Basic sociodemographic profile like age, parity, educational qualification, Questions to assess knowledge about symptoms of cervical cancer Questions to assess the knowledge about cervical cancer screening and prevention doctor as Source of knowledge from the subjects. Correct response for questions carried score of 1 mark. So, the maximum was 6 and minimum was 0. The knowledge was graded as: <2 being poor knowledge; 2-5 being satisfactory knowledge and ≥5 being good knowledge.Results: 32.9% of women identified discharge per vaginum as the most common symptom. When 50.9% thought multiparity was a risk factor 30% identified early sexual activity. 2.3% women knew that pas smear screening has to be done repeatedly. 8.3% of participants already had screening done. Only 8.3%of doctors advised pap screening during their consultations. Uptake of pap smear after awareness program was 100%.Conclusions: Awareness classes are needed for increasing the coverage for pap smear screening. The women should be educated about cervical cancer, its screening methods and the facilities available for screening in the hospitals. An Information Leaflet has to be provided to these women in the local language. Training programs should be conducted for general practitioners and gynecologists to conduct awareness classes for the public and also to motivate women to undergo screening at every possible opportunity.

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