A STUDY OF MORPHOLOGY AND GROSS ANOMALIES IN FULL-TERM PLACENTAE

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Pranay Kumar ◽  
Shaik Arshad Rajmohammad
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Fetal Development ◽  
Cerebellar Hypoplasia ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Pathologic Evaluation ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Gross Examination

Background: Placenta is an important connecting organ between the mother and fetus. It provides nutrition, gas exchange, waste removal, immune support, and endocrine functions. Since variations of the placenta result in effects on fetal development and neonatal survival it is the area of interest to be studied by anatomists, pathologists, and obstetricians. We in the current studied the placental morphology, variations, and abnormalities of the human placenta. Methods: The samples comprised of a collection of placentae in the Department of Anatomy of Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar. Samples were collected after delivery, placentae were mopped to remove any clotted blood, and then weighed with 10 cm of the umbilical cord. The specimen is fixed in 10% formalin immediately over 24-48 hours and then subjected to thorough gross examination. Results: Out of n=60 placentae studied the mean weight of the placenta was found to be highest at 38 weeks of gestation with a mean surface area of 964.46 cm2 and mean weight of 463.75 Kgs. N=49(81.67%) were normal maternal conditions and history of abortions and pre-eclampsia was in n=2 cases each and oligohydramnios in n=3 cases. Among the fetal abnormalities Anencephaly, Macrostomia, MS/TS/Cerebellar hypoplasia, and holoprosencephaly with single nostril was found in n=1(1.67%) cases each. Conclusion: Examination of the placenta performed in the delivery room provides information that may be important to the care of both mother and infant. The findings of this assessment should be documented in the delivery records. The placenta should be submitted for pathologic evaluation if an abnormality is detected. Keywords: Placenta, Morphological Variations, Anencephaly, oligohydramnios, Macrostomia.

scholarly journals Complications in Mandibular Midline Distraction

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 204-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Pieter de Gijt ◽  
Atilla Gül ◽  
Eppo B. Wolvius ◽  
Karel G.H. van der Wal ◽  
Maarten J. Koudstaal
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Mental Nerve ◽  
Safe Method ◽  
Congenital Deformities ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Sensory Disturbances ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
New Surgical Technique

Mandibular midline distraction (MMD) is a relatively new surgical technique for correction of transverse discrepancies of the mandible. This study assesses the amount and burden of complications in MMD. A retrospective cohort study was performed on patients who underwent MMD between 2002 and 2014. Patients with congenital deformities or a history of radiation therapy in the area of interest were excluded. Patient records were obtained and individually assessed for any complications. Complications were graded using the Clavien-Dindo classification system (CDS). Seventy-three patients were included of which 33 were males and 40 were females. The mean follow-up was 2.1 years. Twenty-nine patients had minor complications, grades I and II. Two patients had a grade IIIa and three patients had a grade IIIb complication. Common complications were pressure ulcers, dehiscence, and (transient) sensory disturbances of the mental nerve. This study shows that although MMD is a relatively safe method, complications can occur. Mostly the complications are mild, transient, and manageable without the need for any reoperation.

scholarly journals Outcome of Type 1 tympanoplasty: An experience at Biratnagar eye hospital in Eastern Nepal

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjeev Kumar Thakur ◽  
Sanjay Kumar Singh ◽  
Anwar Afaque ◽  
Nisha Ghimire
Keyword(s):  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Hearing Improvement ◽  
Hearing Outcome ◽  
Type 1 Tympanoplasty ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Graft Success

Background: The history of tympanoplasty is well over a century. Type 1 tympanoplasty is an established procedure worldwide with a variation in the outcome.Aims and Objectives: To analyze the outcome of Type 1 tympanoplasty surgeries in terms of graft success and hearing improvement done at the Ear Department of Biratnagar eye hospital in eastern Nepal and discuss the various factors that might have influenced it.Materials and Methods: Retrospective analysis of records of the cases that underwent Type 1 tympanoplasty from August 2013 to January 2015 was done. The factors analysed were age, gender, the side of the affected ear and the perforation size. Appropriate Statistical test was applied and the results were discussed.Results: A total of 151 cases of type 1 Tympanoplasty were analysed were females had higher frequency than males, with higher incidence at younger age. The mean age of successful cases was 28.53. Females had a better success rate in terms of graft success compared to males. Moderate size perforations had the best outcome of graft success and least were of small size perforations. Of all cases analyzed, hearing improvement was observed in maximum cases.Conclusion: There was no significant influence of age or gender on the hearing outcome. The difference of hearing improvement according to size of perforation was also not significant.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.7(2) 2015 55-60

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Brucellosis among General Population in Famenin City, Western Iran in 2016: The Famenin Brucellosis Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 749-756
Author(s):  
Fariba Keramat ◽  
Manoochehr Karami ◽  
Mohammad Yousef Alikhani ◽  
Saeid Bashirian ◽  
Abbas Moghimbeigi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Demographic Information ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Western Iran ◽  
History Of ◽  
Livestock Animal ◽  
The Mean

Background: Brucellosis is endemic in Iran with a higher level of endemicity in western areas, including the Hamadan province. This study aims to define the seroprevalence of brucellosis and it,s risk factors in general the population of Famenin, Hamadan province, in western Iran. Methods: This survey was conducted on 2367 participants in Famenin and its villages from September to November 2016. After receiving written consent from subjects, demographic information was obtained through questionnaires and 10cc blood samples were taken from the participants. Blood samples were sent to the Core facility of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences and were tested using Wright and 2ME kits (Pasteur Institute, Iran) for serological detection of brucellosis. The seroprevalence of brucellosis was reported as percentage with 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: Totally, 2367 individuals with the mean age (SD) of 34.6 (20.9) (range: 2 to 95) years were enrolled. Of these, 1060 (44.8%) were men and 1610 (68.0%) lived in rural areas. The seroprevalence of brucellosis according to the Wright titer (equal to or greater than 1:80) was 6.6% (95% CI: 5.62%, 7.66%). The corresponding prevalence based on 2ME titers (equal to or greater than 1:40) in subjects with positive Wright test was 37.2% (95% CI: 29.5%, 44.84%). We saw a significant association between the incidence of brucellosis and occupation (P < 0.001) and type of contact with livestock (P = 0.009) as two important risk factors. Conclusion: The seroprevalence of brucellosis in Famenin population was considerable. Contact with livestock, animal husbandry, farming and history of brucellosis were risk factors for brucellosis infection.

scholarly journals Comparative study of clinical profile of patients with stroke in diabetic and non-diabetic patients admitted to SIMS Shivamogga

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
P. Eshwarappa ◽  
R. A. Kumar Naveen ◽  
M. Rangantha ◽  
G. K. Kumar Ranjith
Keyword(s):  
Past History ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Diabetic Group ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Male Population ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean

Background: Diabetes mellitus is one of the major risk factor for stroke. Stroke in diabetic patients is different from stroke in non-diabetics in many aspects. This study was carried out to with the aim to compare the clinical profile of patients with diabetic non-diabetic stroke, and its outcome. The objective of the study was to compare the clinical profile of stroke in diabetics and non-diabetics.Methods: The present study is a prospective case control observational study, carried out at Shivamogga Institute of Medical Sciences, Shivamogga. 100 patients with stroke were enrolled (out of which 50 patients were diabetic or found to have diabetes during hospital stay, and 50 were non-diabetic stroke patients). Other risk factors, clinical presentation and the pattern of stroke were evaluated.Results: The mean age in diabetic stroke patients was 56±9.93. and in non-diabetic stroke patients was 59.92±13.26. Percentage of male population in both groups were higher. Stroke patients in both study groups presented with history of motor weakness as their most common presenting complaint. 69% of diabetic patients had past history of hypertension compared to 21% in non-diabetic group. The mean blood sugar on admission was higher in diabetic group (221.87±76.16) compared with in non-diabetic group (133.12±44.68). Diabetic patients had greater percentage of ischemic stroke (65%) as compared to non-diabetic patients (33%). Hemorrhages were less in diabetic stroke patients (35%) as compared to non-diabetics (67%).Conclusions: Stroke in diabetic patients has a specific clinical pattern and a poor prognosis, which emphasizes the need for early diagnosis and treatment of every case of diabetes.

Revisiting the Natural History of Chronic Scaphoid Nonunions: A Retrospective Study of 20 Cases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Terrence Jose Jerome
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Functional Outcome ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Scaphoid Nonunion ◽  
Proximal Pole ◽  
Degenerative Arthritis ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background The natural history of scaphoid nonunion is the development of degenerative arthritis. A lot of information is still unclear about this progression. The purpose of this study is to analyze patients with scaphoid nonunions who had not received any kind of treatment and to assess the functional outcome. Materials and Methods This is a retrospective study that analyzed the patients with chronic scaphoid nonunions between 2009 and 2019. None of the patients received any treatment. The age at the time of injury, examination, pattern of fracture, types of scaphoid nonunion, symptoms, and duration of nonunion were noted. Diagnosis was confirmed by radiographs, computed tomography (CT) scan, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Scapholunate and radiolunate angles were recorded. Pain score, modified mayo wrist score, grip strength, range of movement, and the functional outcome of these scaphoid nonunions were analyzed. A statistical correlation between the scaphoid nonunion presentations and the functional outcome was assessed. Results The mean age of the patients was 62 years (range: 35–82 years.). There were 17 male and 3 female patients. There were 9 waist and 11 proximal pole scaphoid nonunions. The mean duration of scaphoid nonunion was 34 years (range: 10–62 years). None of the patients had avascular necrosis (AVN) of the proximal scaphoid. The age at examination, gender, side of injury, fracture pattern (waist/proximal pole), fracture displacement ≤ 1 mm or > 1 mm, nonunion duration, and radiographic arthritic parameters had no significant impact on the functional outcome. Conclusions Untreated chronic scaphoid nonunion leads to the development of degenerative arthritis over a period of years, which is still unpredictable. Most of the patients become aware of the nonunion following a precedent injury or other reasons. Most of the patients have fair/good functional outcome despite reduced range of movements and grip strength. Many do not favor surgical intervention in the course of nonunion. Chronic nonunions open a lot of unanswered questions. Clinical relevance There have been numerous studies on the treatment aspects of scaphoid nonunion, with little knowledge about certain people with nonunion who did not have any kind of treatment. The demographics, clinical findings, and radiological parameters do confirm the progression of these nonunion to arthritis, but most of them had fair-to-good outcome throughout their life. It opens our thinking about the real need of treatment in such nonunions and raises numerous questions about the disease. Level of evidence This is a Level IV study.

Political psychology

2013 ◽  
Vol 154 (16) ◽  
pp. 619-626
Author(s):  
Mária Resch ◽  
Tamás Bella
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Political Psychology ◽  
Group Dynamics ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Cognitive Mapping ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Behavioural Patterns ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
History Of

In Hungary one can mostly find references to the psychological processes of politics in the writings of publicists, public opinion pollsters, philosophers, social psychologists, and political analysts. It would be still important if not only legal scientists focusing on political institutions or sociologist-politologists concentrating on social structures could analyse the psychological aspects of political processes; but one could also do so through the application of the methods of political psychology. The authors review the history of political psychology, its position vis-à-vis other fields of science and the essential interfaces through which this field of science, which is still to be discovered in Hungary, connects to other social sciences. As far as its methodology comprising psycho-biographical analyses, questionnaire-based queries, cognitive mapping of interviews and statements are concerned, it is identical with the psychiatric tools of medical sciences. In the next part of this paper, the focus is shifted to the essence and contents of political psychology. Group dynamics properties, voters’ attitudes, leaders’ personalities and the behavioural patterns demonstrated by them in different political situations, authoritativeness, games, and charisma are all essential components of political psychology, which mostly analyses psychological-psychiatric processes and also involves medical sciences by relying on cognitive and behavioural sciences. This paper describes political psychology, which is basically part of social sciences, still, being an interdisciplinary science, has several ties to medical sciences through psychological and psychiatric aspects. Orv. Hetil., 2013, 154, 619–626.

Prevalence of Self-Medication and Its Factors among University Students in Bandar Abbas City

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atefeh Mohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Delay In Diagnosis ◽  
Consumption Culture ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Bandar Abbas

Background: Self-medication can lead to the latency of the real severity of disease, delay in diagnosis, a complication of treatment, threatening side effects, and unexpected intoxication. The present research aimed to explore the prevalence of self-medication and its factors among students affiliated to Bandar Abbas universities in 2016. Materials and Methods: This Descriptive Analytic study was performed on 600 students affiliated to the universities in Bandar Abbas; Islamic Azad University, Payam-e-Noor University, and University of Medical Sciences. The sample was selected through a stratified sampling method, and the data were collected by a questionnaire comprised of two parts, demographic information (6 items), and risk factors of self-medication and self-medicated drugs (26 items). SPSS version 19 was used to analyze the data through the required tests. Result: The mean age of the students was 24.11±5.85 years. One hundred and ninety-one subjects (31.8%) were male, and 409 (68.2%) were female. The results revealed the prevalence of self-medication in the target population was 80.2%., the main reasons for self-medication were reported underestimating the disease 461(77.0%), previous experience of the disease 457(76.4%), repeated prescription 441(73.6%), and easy access to drug 423(70.6%). The most prevalent drugs self-medicated by students were acetaminophen, herbal medicines, antibiotics, other drugs, sedatives, and anti-acids, respectively. Conclusion: Considering the high prevalence of self-medication (80.2%) revealed in this research, there is a need for more attentive care for consistent education and drug consumption culture promotion. Specific approaches can help the provision of easy access to medical services in universities.

Religion, Race, and Sexuality

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica L. Mercado
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Practices ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
The North ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Race And Sexuality ◽  
Sex And Sexuality ◽  
American Experiment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Private Matter

The history of sexuality is a growing area of interest for scholars of religion and race in the North American context. That which is often regarded as a private matter—sex and sexuality—is in fact shaped by larger cultural, economic, political, and religious forces. To study the intersections of sexuality and race in American religious history, then, is to examine the role of belief, as well as formal religious institutions and their spokespeople, in circulating ideas about bodies, sex, marriage, family, morality, and immorality. If religious variety has been one way that scholars have understood the American experiment from the earliest colonial encounters to the present day, this chapter considers moments when sex and sexuality, and the religious thinking that passes judgments on sexual practices, has served to define or highlight racial difference in American history.

Elevation of pulse pressure in middle age is associated with the risk of dementia: data from a population-based cohort

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
D Kim ◽  
H Jung ◽  
P.S Yang ◽  
H.T Yu ◽  
T.H Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Pulse Pressure ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Entire Cohort ◽  
Incident Dementia ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Diagnosis Of Dementia ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Aims Pulse pressure (PP) is a well-known risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, the association between the PP and dementia is not well identified. This study aimed to determine the effect of PP on the risk of dementia development in different age subgroups using a longitudinal, population-based, and stroke-free cohort from the general population. Methods The association of PP with the development of incident dementia was assessed from January 1, 2005, to December 31, 2013, in 433,154 participants without a history of dementia or stroke from the Korea National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening cohort. The diagnosis of dementia was defined using the 10th revision of the International Classification of Disease codes. Results The mean age of the cohort was 55.7±9.2 years, 45.7% were women. Hypertension was 23.6%. The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure of the entire cohort were 125.9±16.6 and 78.4±10.7 mmHg, respectively. Mean PP was 47.5±10.9 mmHg. In the middle-age group (40 to 50 year-old), increasing of 10 mmHg of PP was associated with incident dementia after adjusting mean blood pressure and clinical variables with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.21 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.19–1.23, p&lt;0.001). The association was still significant even after censoring for stroke (HR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.08–1.22, p&lt;0.001). In the older population, elevation of PP was not associated with dementia development (HR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.95–1.01, p=0.247) Conclusion PP was associated with increased risk of dementia only in middle-aged population beyond that of mean arterial pressure. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

scholarly journals SAT0462 ASSESSMENT OF BONE MINERAL DENSITY IN INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1188.1-1188
Author(s):  
C. Daldoul ◽  
N. El Amri ◽  
K. Baccouche ◽  
H. Zeglaoui ◽  
E. Bouajina
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Femoral Site ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
The Mean

Background:Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), is considered as a risk factor of low bone mineral density (BMD). In fact, the prevalence of osteoporosis ranges from 17% to 41% in IBD patients. The possible contributing factors may include malabsorption, glucocorticoid treatment and coexisting comorbiditiesObjectives:The purpose of our work was to determine the frequency and the determinants of osteoporosis in patients with IBD and to assess whether there is a difference in BMD status between UC and CD.Methods:This is a retrospective study, over a period of 5 years (from January 2014 to December 2018) and including patients followed for IBD who had a measurement of BMD by DEXA. Clinical, anthropometric and densitometric data (BMD at the femoral and vertebral site) were recorded. The WHO criteria for the definition of osteoporosis and osteopenia were applied.Results:One hundred and five patients were collected; among them 45 were men and 60 were women. The average age was 45.89 years old. The average body mass index (BMI) was 25.81 kg/m2 [16.44-44.15]. CD and UC were diagnosed in respectively 57.1% and 42.9%. A personal history of fragility fracture was noted in 4.8%. Hypothyroidism was associated in one case. Early menopause was recorded in 7.6%. 46.8% patients were treated with corticosteroids. The mean BMD at the vertebral site was 1.023 g/cm3 [0.569-1.489 g/cm3]. Mean BMD at the femoral site was 0.920g/cm3 [0.553-1.286g / cm3]. The mean T-score at the femoral site and the vertebral site were -1.04 SD and -1.27 SD, respectively. Osteoporosis was found in 25.7% and osteopenia in 37.1%. Osteoporosis among CD and UC patients was found in respectively 63% and 37%. The age of the osteoporotic patients was significantly higher compared to those who were not osteoporotic (52.23 vs 43.67 years, p = 0.01). We found a significantly higher percentage of osteoporosis among men compared to women (35.6% vs 18.3%, p=0.046). The BMI was significantly lower in the osteoporotic patients (23.87 vs 26.48 kg/m2, p=0.035) and we found a significant correlation between BMI and BMD at the femoral site (p=0.01). No increase in the frequency of osteoporosis was noted in patients treated with corticosteroids (27.9% vs 21.6%, p=0.479). Comparing the UC and CD patients, no difference was found in baseline characteristics, use of steroids or history of fracture. No statistically significant difference was found between UC and CD patients for osteoporosis(p=0.478), BMD at the femoral site (p=0.529) and at the vertebral site (p=0.568).Conclusion:Osteoporosis was found in 25.7% of IBD patients without any difference between CD and UC. This decline does not seem to be related to the treatment with corticosteroids but rather to the disease itself. Hence the interest of an early screening of this silent disease.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document