scholarly journals Conflict Dynamics between Two Neighbours: Looking Beyond Federalism

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-42
Author(s):  
Takele Bekele Bayu
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Resource Scarcity ◽  
Linguistic Community ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Territorial Expansion ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Competing Interests ◽  
Ethnic Tension ◽  
External Forces

Ethiopia is a multicultural and multilingual country. The Oromo and Somali communities are found in the same linguistic community, that is, the Cushitic language. Historically, Somalis and Oromo have a long tradition of co-existence and strong socio-cultural interactions, as well as antagonistic relationships and intermittent conflicts. Traditionally, the major sources of conflict between the two communities were competition over scarce resources, territorial expansion, livestock raids and counter raids, kidnapping for marriage purposes and the revenge tradition. However, this time the conflict took a different nature, form and bigger scale causing devastation never seen in the history of communal conflict in the country. The study has utilised primary and secondary data collection and employed narration and content analysis to realise the objective of the paper. The findings of this study reveal that the causes of the Oromo–Somali conflict are complex and dynamic. This urges the need to carry out a deeper investigation beyond the federal arrangement. Thus, fundamental and triggering factors including the involvement of internal and external forces, the collapse of social norms and prevalence of moral anarchism, socio-economic issues, competing interests among public and military officials, poor leadership and governance system, competing interests over resources, aspects of local cultural institutions in regulating inter-ethnic relationships are identified in fuelling ethnic conflict in the studied area. Since the conflict in the region is much more complex than the dominant narrative of resource scarcity and ethnic politicisation, open democratic dialogue, genuine consultation and negotiation at a different level with various interest groups, stakeholders and community representatives, militant groups operating in the area is of paramount importance to ease the increasing ethnic tension and political crisis in order to build sustainable peace in the region.

scholarly journals Market factors related to hospitals’ patient satisfaction ratings

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abby Swanson Kazley ◽  
Eric W. Ford ◽  
Mark Diana ◽  
Nir Menachemi
Keyword(s):  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Pay For Performance ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
New Era ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Patient Protection ◽  
Market Factors ◽  
External Forces ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Improve Patient

Patient satisfaction is an important dimension of care that has been linked to improved clinical outcomes and increased compliance as well as organizational success. The passage of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act included rules that incentivize hospitals to improve patient satisfaction by offering increased reimbursements. In this analysis, three data sets are used to retrospectively examine the relationship between environmental market factors and patient satisfaction. We find that per capita income within the hospital’s catchment area, competition, metro status, and availability of general and specialty practitioners are significantly associated with hospitals’ patient satisfaction levels. In a new era of pay-for-performance and increased competition for scarce resources, hospitals must closely monitor and respond to external forces. One strategy for overcoming a turbulent external environment may be to focus on patient satisfaction.

scholarly journals Clan hierarchy as the basis of the “tulip revolution” in Kyrgyzstan

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-171
Author(s):  
S. A. Voronin ◽  
E. A. Bakina
Keyword(s):  
Political Competition ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Protest Movements ◽  
Coup D'etat ◽  
The North ◽  
External Forces ◽  
Political Groups ◽  
North And South

In 2005, the so-called Tulip Revolution took place in Kyrgyzstan. In terms of form and content, the events that took place in Kyrgyzstan fully fit into the concept of protest movements (velvet, melon, jasmine and other revolutions) that unfolded at the end of the 20th and beginning of the 21st centuries. The start to such “revolutions” aimed at changing the regime was given in 1953, when the Prime Minister of Iran Mossadyk was removed from power during the coup d’etat, which was supervised by the CIA. An analysis of the events in Kyrgyzstan showed that behind the coup that led to the overthrow of President Askar Akayev, there were external forces coordinating their efforts in accordance with the methodological recommendations of the American technologist of political coups Gene Sharpe. However, external actions, for all their significance, did not become the main cause of the Tulip Revolution, but acted only as a catalyst. Over the centuries, in Kyrgyzstan there has been a complex of internal contradictions between various political groups, which became the detonator of a political cataclysm in 2005. One of the most significant internal causes of the political crisis of 2005 was the clan rivalry of the North and South in the struggle for power. The clan hierarchy has been the foundation of the political systems of Central Asia for centuries; Kyrgyzstan was no exception. The article is devoted to the consideration of the mechanism of the clan hierarchy, the analysis of political competition between the North and the South, the role and importance of clans during the 2005 coup.

Performance Evaluation of Local Body of Pokhara Metropolitan City

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-55
Author(s):  
Girdhari Dahal
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Public Affairs ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Local Elections ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Metropolitan City ◽  
Generating Capacity

Local governments are the closest unit of government to the people at grass root levels. The principal objective of this paper is to evaluate the performance of the local government of Pokhara Metropolitan City that lies in Kaski district, Nepal. This paper describes and analyzes the performance of the newly formed local government. It is based on the source of primary data from fieldwork with ground theory and secondary data- journal articles, books, Constitution of Nepal, 2015, act, rule, and regulations. The election of local government was held in Nepal in 2017, after 20 years. It is expected to bring political stability as well as peace and prosperity in Nepal. Nepal has been restructured as a federal democratic republic nation with federal, provinces and local government units- for sharing of power among the three tiers of government. Following the local elections, Pokhara Metropolitan City has already ratified more than six dozen laws (rules and regulations) for effective day to day service delivery to the local people. With grievances and grudges, the Nepalese people are experiencing the governance system of local bodies but the notion of people’s participation is more rhetoric. Also, financial capacity-both expenditure capacity and revenue generating capacity has severely limited the operational efficiency of local government. Moreover, transparency in public affairs has not been fully achieved yet.

scholarly journals Triage and Treatment Tools for Use in a Scarce Resources-Crisis Standards of Care Setting After a Nuclear Detonation

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (S1) ◽  
pp. S111-S121 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Norman Coleman ◽  
David M. Weinstock ◽  
Rocco Casagrande ◽  
John L. Hick ◽  
Judith L. Bader ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Care Setting ◽  
Expectant Management ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Resource Scarcity ◽  
Standards Of Care ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Physical Infrastructure ◽  
Expected Outcome ◽  
New Research

ABSTRACTBased on background information in this special issue of the journal, possible triage recommendations for the first 4 days following a nuclear detonation, when response resources will be limited, are provided. The series includes: modeling for physical infrastructure damage; severity and number of injuries; expected outcome of triage to immediate, delayed, or expectant management; resources required for treating injuries of varying severity; and how resource scarcity (particularly medical personnel) worsens outcome. Four key underlying considerations are: 1.) resource adequacy will vary greatly across the response areas by time and location; 2.) to achieve fairness in resource allocation, a common triage approach is important; 3.) at some times and locations, it will be necessary to change from “conventional” to “contingency” or “crisis” standards of medical care (with a resulting change in triage approach from treating the “sickest first” to treating those “most likely to survive” first); and 4.) clinical reassessment and repeat triage are critical, as resource scarcity worsens or improves. Changing triage order and conserving and allocating resources for both lifesaving and palliative care can maintain fairness, support symptomatic care, and save more lives. Included in this article are printable triage cards that reflect our recommendations. These are not formal guidelines. With new research, data, and discussion, these recommendations will undoubtedly evolve.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2011;5:S111-S121)

scholarly journals PRODUCT INNOVATION IN SMALL COMPANIES: MANAGING RESOURCE SCARCITY THROUGH FINANCIAL BOOTSTRAPPING

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (02) ◽  
pp. 1750020 ◽  
Author(s):  
LARS LÖFQVIST
Keyword(s):  
Product Innovation ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Multiple Case Study ◽  
Resource Scarcity ◽  
Small Companies ◽  
Functional Categories ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Multiple Case ◽  
Main Factor

Researchers have proposed that scarce resources are the main factor hindering product innovation in small companies. However, despite scarce resources, small companies do innovate, so the research question is: How do small companies manage resource scarcity in product innovation? To answer the research question a multiple case study of three small established companies and their product innovation was used, including interviews and observations over a period of five months. The small companies were found to use many different bootstrapping methods in combination within their product innovation. The methods can be classified into three different functional categories: bootstrapping methods for increasing resources, for using existing resources more efficiently, and those for securing a fast payback on resources put into product innovation. Due to their resource scarcity, the studied companies also favoured an innovation strategy only involving new products done with known technology and targeting existing markets. This strategy seems to avoid unsuccessful innovation but at the same time exclude technologically radical innovation.

scholarly journals Green Entrepreneurship Development Strategy Based On Local Characteristic To Support Eco-Tourism Continuous

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 257
Author(s):  
Soenarto, Rahmawati, Anastasia Riani Suprapti, Rum Handayani, Putu Sudira
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Local Characteristic ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Entrepreneurship Development ◽  
Green Entrepreneurship ◽  
Green Entrepreneur

The development of ecotourism can not be separated from the empowerment of local communities and small and medium enterprises (SMEs). The purpose of this research is to develop ecotourism development and planning model, especially the relationship between ecotourism and sustainable community development through green entrepreneurship development strategy by highlighting local uniqueness as the main weapon to enhance the attractiveness of ecotourism destination in NTB Province. Results of primary and secondary data collection have obtained SWOT picture which is useful to make the draft of village tourism policy in lombok NTB. Green Village based tourism entreprenuership and local wisdom to enhance tourist attraction to Lombok NTB: Output, governance system of green entrepreneur development and Tourism Village in NTB province, consisting of (a) Policy of developing green entrepreneur and tourism village for ecotourism destination development (b) Action Plan green entrepreneur and green product (c) Planning Indicators and (d) Monitoring and evaluation system.

scholarly journals Elite Collusion and African Governance System: A Critique of Democracy and Development in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Abdulhamid Ozohu-Suleiman ◽  
Shehu Mustapha Liberty
Keyword(s):  
Common Good ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Ruling Elite ◽  
System A ◽  
Governance Institutions ◽  
Interpretative Approach ◽  
The Masses

Following the commencement of the third wave democratization in Africa, scholarly preoccupation shifted, or at least began to shift away from the over flogged discourse on colonial antecedents and authoritarian rule among others, as explanations for governance failure in the continent. Thus, the prevailing liberal political conditions now offer a new perspective to articulate the development problematic in emergent democracies of Africa. This paper seeks to examine how the negative outcomes generated by this governance system have made development the casualty of the democratization process in Nigeria. It advances the thesis of elite collusion to provide insights into the causes of governance failure in Nigeria. The paper argues that the hegemonic interest of the ruling elite remains the predominant factor that narrowly defines public policy. By means of interpretative approach the paper reviewed secondary data from extant literature and development reports that are Germaine to the subject matter of the study. It established that much of the development deficit is the predictable consequence of the disconnect between the common good and state policy/institutional action. This disconnect is exacerbated by a political environment that is overwhelmed by self-seeking and unpatriotic ruling elite. The paper concludes that; democracy, though, a necessary condition for good governance and sustainable development, requires an ideologically driven party politics to reconstruct the prevalent governance system. A number of recommendations are made among which are; an urgent need to build strong governance institutions that are rule bound (re-bureaucratization) in order to neutralize elite collusion, and a realignment of the democratization process to embrace the variant of social democracy – an option that prioritizes the participation of the masses in the development process.

scholarly journals Locus and Focus of Third Sector in Development of Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. p4
Author(s):  
Gopal Khadka
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Third Sector ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
District Level ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Governmental Organization ◽  
Balanced Development ◽  
Development Partner ◽  
The Status ◽  
State And Market

After state and market, NGO regards as third sector in the field of development. NGO produce positive impact on all dimension in marginalized society of developing country like Nepal. To assess the status of non-governmental organization of Nepal in provincial and district level and to identify their prospects and challenges, this article is prepared as the title “locus and focus of third sector in development of Nepal”. It is mainly based on the secondary data of social welfare council, Nepal. Information regarding objectives was collected through various search engines by simple literature review. The status of I/NGO is found unequal at provincial and district level in Nepal. Bagmati province is in top-most position in terms of number of NGO followed by province-2 and province-1. Karnali province is lowest position in terms of number of NGO followed by Sudur Paschim province and Gandaki province. Federalism requires balance development in intra-province and inter-provinces. Being a vehicle of foreign donors to channel their help to the marginalized communities, I/NGO must play effective roles to solve the problem of people neglected by state and market. The joint efforts of all development partners including I/NGO are mandatory to meet financial sustainability and balanced development in Nepal. The governance system transformed from unitary to federal structure in Nepal. Local, provincial, and federal level governments are facing huge resource gaps to perform their roles and responsibilities. The role and responsibility of development partner including I/NGO are vital to fulfilling these gaps. Easy registration process and weak monitoring system of government as well as lack of transparency in I/NGO are the notable issues to address without delay. To meet national commitment “Prosperous Nepal, Happy Nepali” and to fulfill the target of sustainable development goals, joint efforts of all sector like state, market ,I/NGO, cooperative , private sector, international community are mandatory with the visionary and coordinating leadership of federal government of Nepal.

scholarly journals Public Attitudes Toward Allocating Scarce Resources During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wesley Buckwalter ◽  
Andrew Peterson
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Resource Scarcity ◽  
Ethical Principles ◽  
People Of Color ◽  
Resource Reallocation ◽  
Initial Allocation ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Social Usefulness

The general public is subject to triage policies that allocate scarce lifesaving resources during the COVID-19 pandemic, one of the worst public health emergencies in the past 100 years. However, public attitudes toward ethical principles underlying triage policies used during this pandemic are not well understood. Three experiments (preregistered; online samples; N = 1,868; U.S. residents) assessed attitudes toward ethical principles underlying triage policies. The experiments evaluated assessments of utilitarian, egalitarian, prioritarian, and social usefulness principles in conditions arising during the COVID-19 pandemic, involving resource scarcity, resource reallocation, and bias in resource allocation toward at-risk groups, such as the elderly or people of color. We found that participants agreed with utilitarian and prioritarian principles for allocating scarce resources during initial allocation and disagreed with egalitarian and social usefulness principles. However, support for these principles did not extend to resource reallocation between existing patients. Lastly, participants did not agree with utilitarian principles when they disadvantaged at-risk groups, such as people of color and people with disabilities. Abandoning utilitarian principles that disadvantaged people of color in favor of equitable allocation resulted in significantly more agreement with triage policy. Understanding these attitudes can contribute to developing triage policies, increase trust in health systems, and assist them in achieving their goals of patient care during the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Malaysia: State and Society Measures in Safety and Security Against COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-194
Author(s):  
Atika Shafinaz Nazri ◽  
Kartini Aboo Talib @ Khalid ◽  
Zaliha Harun ◽  
Ahmad Nidzammuddin Sulaiman
Keyword(s):  
Economic Recession ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
The Political ◽  
National Security Council ◽  
Government Sector ◽  
State And Society ◽  
The Government ◽  
Ruling Party

COVID-19 pandemic is now a global crisis, with the number of known cases climbing daily and millions of people stranded at home. As countries toil to preserve the lives of their people, economies are grinding to a halt. At that dismal time, Malaysia is going through a vast political crisis with a new leader, and several states have new governments. In this vein, the present study aims at shedding how Malaysian responses to the COVID-19 pandemic? This study adopted a qualitative approach by using the secondary data collected from the journal, the official website of the government sector, NGOs, authorized bodies, and newspapers. Our finding shows although Malaysia had COVID-19 during the political crisis, a new ruling party is competent to manage the issue accordingly with the Ministry of Health and the National Security Council plays a vital role in the management of the pandemic. The government has taken various kinds of measures to ensure the pandemic to be reduced, and economic recession could be minimizing that benefit Malaysian and non-citizenship notably to vulnerable with the amalgamate by numerous NGOs.

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