Comparison of the protective effects of Scrophularia striata extract with vitamin E on cognitive function, anxiety and pain sensitivity in diazinon-exposed male rats

Introduction: Scrophularia striata is used in traditional medicine to treat various disorders and has neuroprotective effects. There are no studies about the effects of S. striata on cognitive functions in diazinon (DZN)- exposed rats. According to the results of previous studies, vitamin E (Vit. E) can also act as a protective agent against cognitive impairments. Therefore, the present study was designed to compare the effects of Vit. E and S. striata on DZN-induced behavioral impairments in male rats. Methods: Neuroprotective effects of S. striata (30mg/kg, 5 days/week for 8 weeks) and Vit. E (200mg/kg, 5 days/week for 8 weeks, IP) were assessed through changes in memory, anxiety-like behaviors and pain threshold following DZN exposure. Open field, shuttle box and hot plate were used to examine anxiety-like behaviors, passive avoidance learning and memory as well as pain sensitivity, respectively. Results: Our findings indicated that exposure to DZN caused a significant decrease in memory retention and an increase in anxiety-like behaviors. S. striata and Vit. E administration compensated memory and emotional impairments induced by DZN. As well as, S. striata alone decreased reaction time against thermal stimulus in the hot plate test. The findings of the present study also indicated that exposure to DZN significantly decreased body weight, while S. striata and Vit. E consumption restored it. Conclusion: Results of our study indicated the protective effects of S. striata consumption like Vit. E against DZN-induced disruptions in anxiety, cognitive function and body weight loss.

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Potential anti-toxic effect of d-ribose-l-cysteine supplement on the reproductive functions of male rats administered cyclophosphamide

Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1515/jbcpp-2020-0267 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Gabriel O. Oludare ◽

Gbenga O. Afolayan ◽

Ganbotei G. Semidara

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Single Dose ◽

Sperm Motility ◽

Sperm Count ◽

Male Rats ◽

Oxidative Enzymes ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Testosterone Levels ◽

Group I ◽

Antioxidant Defence System

Abstract Objectives This study aimed to access the protective effects of d-ribose-l-cysteine (DRLC) on cyclophosphamide (CPA) induced gonadal toxicity in male rats. Methods Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into six groups of eight rats each. Group I the control, received distilled water (10 ml/kg), Group II received a single dose of CPA 100 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally (i.p), Groups III and IV received a single dose of CPA at 100 mg/kg (i.p) and then were treated with DRLC at 200 mg/kg bodyweight (b.w) and 400 mg/kg b.w for 10 days, respectively. Rats in Groups V and VI received DRLC at 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w for 10 days, respectively. DRLC was administered orally. Results Results showed that CPA increased percentage of abnormal sperm cells and reduced body weight, sperm count, sperm motility, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone levels (p<0.05). CPA also induced oxidative stress as indicated by the increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content and reduced activities of the oxidative enzymes measured (p<0.05). Liver enzymes were elevated while the blood cells production was decreased in the rats administered CPA. DRLC supplementation enhanced the antioxidant defence system as indicated in the reduced MDA levels and increased activities of the antioxidant enzymes when compared with CPA (p<0.05). Bodyweight, sperm count, sperm motility, FSH, and testosterone levels were increased in the CPA + DRLC II group compared with CPA (p<0.05). Conclusions The results of this present study showed that DRLC has a potential protective effect on CPA-induced gonadotoxicity.

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Prophylactic effect of vitamin E against hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, haematological indices and histopathology induced by diazinon insecticide in mice

Current Zoology ◽

10.1093/czoolo/55.3.219 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 55 (3) ◽

pp. 219-226 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Nahla S. El-Shenawy ◽

Rasha A. Al-Eisa ◽

Fawzia El-Salmy ◽

Omema Salah

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Vitamin E ◽

Kidney Function ◽

Kidney Tissue ◽

The Body ◽

High Dose ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Histopathological Changes ◽

Liver And Kidney ◽

Haematological Indices

Abstract Considering that the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been implicated in the toxicity of various pesticides, this study was designed to study the ameliorative effect of Vitamin E (100 mg/kg body weight) on mice (25 - 30 mg) treated with diazinon (32.5 or 16.25 mg/kg body weight) organophosphate insecticide for 14 days. Subchronic DZN exposure and the protective effects of vitamins E (vitE) were evaluated for their effects on haematological indices, the enzymes concerning liver damage [plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotaransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatise (AIP), and some parameters of kidney function (urea and creatinine) in mice. Additionally, the histopathological changes in liver and kidney tissue were examined. The high dose of diazinon (DZNH) decreased the body weight significantly at the end of experiment. Additionally, the liver and kidney were examines for histopathological changes. The high dose of diazinon decreased body weight significantly. Moreover, there was a statistically significant decrease in haemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell (RBC) and hematocrit (Hct) in diazinon-treated mice compared to controls. This decrease was partially remedied in the diazinon-treated group that also received vitE. Damage in the liver and kidney tissues was also evident as elevated plasma ALT, AST, ALP, urea and creatinine. VitE partially counteracts the toxic effect of DZN and repairs tissue damage in the liver and kidney, especially when supplemented to 1/4 LD50 intoxicated animals. Histopathological changes in liver and kidney were observed only in 32.5 mg/kg DZN given group. These results suggest that the effects of DZN are dose dependent. No pathological findings were observed in vitE + DZN treated groups. According to the present study, we conclude that vitE can reduce the detrimental impacts of diazinon on haematological indicies, as well as liver and kidney function.

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Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidative Effects of Sumatriptan Against Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Rat

ACTA MEDICA IRANICA ◽

10.18502/acta.v59i7.7020 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mohammad Sheibani ◽

Hedyeh Faghir-Ghanesefat ◽

Yaser Azizi ◽

Tahmineh Mokhtari ◽

Hasan Yousefi‐Manesh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Body Weight ◽

Mortality Rate ◽

Cardiac Tissue ◽

The Body ◽

Male Rats ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Cardiac Damage ◽

Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽

Antioxidative Effects

The clinical use of doxorubicin as a potent chemotherapeutic agent is limited due to its dose-dependent cardiotoxicity. Oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways have a pivotal role in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Sumatriptan, a 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)1B/1D agonist that is mainly used to relieve migraine pain, has suggested exerting protective effects in numerous pathological conditions through antiinflammatory properties. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of sumatriptan on doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity and the contribution of anti-inflammation and antioxidative responses. Cardiotoxicity was induced by the administration of doxorubicin three times a week (2.5 mg/kg i.p) for two consecutive weeks on male rats. The animals were divided into four groups, including Control, Sumatriptan (0.1 mg/kg) received group, doxorubicin received group, and Doxorubicin+Sumatriptan (0.1 mg/kg) received group. Sumatriptan was administered 30 min before every injection of doxorubicin. On the last day of the second week, the body weight, mortality rate, electrocardiogram (ECG) and histopathological changes, cardiac inotropic study, and biochemical factors were evaluated. The loss of body weight, mortality rate, ECG parameters, reduction of papillary muscle contractility force as well as histopathological scores following administration of doxorubicin indicated severe cardiac damage. However, treatment with sumatriptan inhibited the functional and structural impairment induced by doxorubicin. In addition, sumatriptan could significantly reduce cardiac tissue levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), which were increased in the doxorubicin-treated rats. This study illustrated the protective effects of sumatriptan on decreasing doxorubicin-induced cardiac toxicity and mortality rate in part through inhibition of inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways.

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Neuroprotective Effects of Magnesium L-threonate in a Hypoxic Zebrafish Model

10.21203/rs.2.19975/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Young Sung Kim ◽

Young Ju Won ◽

Byung Gun Lim ◽

Too Jae Min ◽

Yeon-Hwa Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Function ◽

Cerebral Infarction ◽

Cell Viability ◽

Excitatory Amino Acid ◽

Glutamate Transporter ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Triphenyltetrazolium Chloride ◽

Zebrafish Model ◽

Neuroprotective Effects ◽

The Brain

Abstract Background: Hypoxia inhibits the uptake of glutamate (a major neurotransmitter in the brain closely related to cognitive function) into brain cells, and the initial response of cells to cortical hypoxia depends on glutamate. Previous studies have suggested that magnesium may have protective effects against hypoxic injuries. In particular, magnesium L-threonate (MgT) may increase magnesium ion concentrations in the brain better than MgSO4 and improve cognitive function. Methods: We evaluated cell viability under hypoxic conditions in the MgT- and MgSO4-treated human SH-SY5Y neurons, in vivo behavior using the T-maze test following hypoxia in MgT-treated zebrafish, activity of brain mitochondrial dehydrogenase by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining, and protein expression of the excitatory amino acid transporter (EAAT) 4 glutamate transporter by western blotting. Results: Among the groups treated with hypoxia, cell viability significantly increased when pre-treated with 1 or 10 mM MgT (p = 0.009 and 0.026, respectively) Despite hypoxic insult, MgT-treated zebrafish showed preferences for the red compartment (p= 0.025 for distance and p= 0.007 for frequency of entries), suggesting memory preservation. TTC staining showed reduced cerebral infarction and preserved absorbance in the MgT-treated zebrafish brain after hypoxia (p=0.010 compared to the hypoxia group). In addition, western blot showed upregulation of EAAT4 protein in the MgT treated group. Conclusions: Pre-treatment with MgT attenuated cell death and cerebral infarction due to hypoxia and protected cognitive function in zebrafish. In addition, MgT appeared to modulate expression of the glutamate transporter, EAAT4.

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Neuroprotective Effects of Thymol, a Dietary Monoterpene Against Dopaminergic Neurodegeneration in Rotenone-Induced Rat Model of Parkinson’s Disease

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms20071538 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (7) ◽

pp. 1538 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Hayate Javed ◽

Sheikh Azimullah ◽

MF Meeran ◽

Suraiya Ansari ◽

Shreesh Ojha

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Body Weight ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Nigrostriatal System ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Neuroprotective Effects ◽

Dopaminergic Neurodegeneration

Parkinson’s disease (PD), a multifactorial movement disorder that involves progressive degeneration of the nigrostriatal system affecting the movement ability of the patient. Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation both are shown to be involved in the etiopathogenesis of PD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic potential of thymol, a dietary monoterpene phenol in rotenone (ROT)-induced neurodegeneration in rats that precisely mimics PD in humans. Male Wistar rats were injected ROT at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg body weight for 4 weeks, to induce PD. Thymol was co-administered for 4 weeks at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight, 30 min prior to ROT injection. The markers of dopaminergic neurodegeneration, oxidative stress and inflammation were estimated using biochemical assays, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, western blotting and immunocytochemistry. ROT challenge increased the oxidative stress markers, inflammatory enzymes and cytokines as well as caused significant damage to nigrostriatal dopaminergic system of the brain. Thymol treatment in ROT challenged rats appears to significantly attenuate dopaminergic neuronal loss, oxidative stress and inflammation. The present study showed protective effects of thymol in ROT-induced neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration mediated by preservation of endogenous antioxidant defense networks and attenuation of inflammatory mediators including cytokines and enzymes.

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The Protective Effects of Indole-3-carbinol on Stomach Injury in Rats

Libyan Journal of Basic Sciences ◽

10.36811/ljbs.2021.110070 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 89-97

Author(s):

Eda M.A. Alshailabi

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Acetylsalicylic Acid ◽

Neutrophil Infiltration ◽

Male Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Antioxidant Action ◽

Mucosal Epithelium ◽

Group Control Group

The objective of this research was to analyze the protective effect of indole-3-carbinol against the stomach injury induced by acetylsalicylic acid. Male rats were randomly divided into eight groups of six animals in each group. Control group, OMP group, I3C group, OMP+I3C group, AA group, AA+OMP group, AA+I3C group, and AA+OMP+I3C group. The control rats were received distilled water and the experimental rats were received AA at a dose of 500 mg/kg body weight, OMP at a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight, and I3C at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight either alone or in combination with each other, orally for seven consecutive days. Results of the present study showed ulcer protection in indole-3-cabinol treated rats was confirmed by histoarchitecture, which was comprised of the reduced size of ulcer crater and restoration of mucosal epithelium. Thus, reduced neutrophil infiltration, antiapoptotic and antioxidant action have a pivotal role in the gastroprotective effect of indole-3-carbinol. Keywords: Histopathological; Stomach; Acetylsalicylic acid; Indole-3-carbinol; Rats

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Protective effects of curcumin on antioxidant status, body weight gain, and reproductive parameters in male rats exposed to subchronic 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin

Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry ◽

10.1080/02772248.2013.829061 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 95 (6) ◽

pp. 1019-1029 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Funda Gülcü Bulmuş ◽

Fatih Sakin ◽

Gaffari Türk ◽

Mustafa Sönmez ◽

Kadir Servi

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Antioxidant Status ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Male Rats ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Reproductive Parameters ◽

Tetrachlorodibenzo P Dioxin

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Protective Effects of Aqueous Extract ofLuehea divaricataagainst Behavioral and Oxidative Changes Induced by 3-Nitropropionic Acid in Rats

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2015/723431 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Aline Alves Courtes ◽

Letícia Priscila Arantes ◽

Rômulo Pillon Barcelos ◽

Ingrid Kich da Silva ◽

Aline Augusti Boligon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Locomotor Activity ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Male Rats ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Neuroprotective Effects ◽

Nitropropionic Acid ◽

3 Nitropropionic Acid

Huntington’s disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease. Accordingly, 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) has been found to effectively produce HD-like symptoms.Luehea divaricata(L. divaricata), popularly known in Brazil as “açoita-cavalo,” may act as a neuroprotective agentin vitroandin vivo. We evaluated the hypothesis that the aqueous extract ofL. divaricatacould prevent behavioral and oxidative alterations induced by 3-NP in rats. 25 adult Wistar male rats were divided into 5 groups: (1) control, (2)L. divaricata(1000 mg/kg), (3) 3-NP, (4)L. divaricata(500 mg/kg) + 3-NP, and (5)L. divaricata(1000 mg/kg) + 3-NP. Groups 2, 4, and 5 receivedL. divaricatavia intragastric gavage daily for 10 days. Animals in groups 3, 4, and 5 received 20 mg/kg 3-NP daily from days 8–10. At day 10, parameters of locomotor activity and biochemical evaluations were performed. Indeed, rats treated with 3-NP showed decreased locomotor activity compared to controls. Additionally, 3-NP increased levels of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation and decreased ratio of GSH/GSSG and acetylcholinesterase activity in cortex and/or striatum. Our results suggest that rats pretreated withL. divaricataprior to 3-NP treatment showed neuroprotective effects when compared to 3-NP treated controls, which may be due to its antioxidant properties.

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Renoprotective Effects of Origanum majorana Methanolic L and Carvacrol on Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Kidney Injury in Male Rats

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2020/9785932 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Izadpanah Gheitasi ◽

Arsalan Azizi ◽

Navid Omidifar ◽

Amir Hossein Doustimotlagh

Keyword(s):

Vitamin E ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Ischemia Reperfusion ◽

Kidney Injury ◽

Protein Carbonyl ◽

Male Rats ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Antioxidant Parameters ◽

Origanum Majorana

Background. The most important cause of acute renal failure in normal kidneys is ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. The aim of the current study was to investigate the protective effects of Origanum majorana (OM) methanolic extract, carvacrol, and vitamin E on I/R-induced kidney injury in male rats. Material and Method. Thirty Wistar male rats were randomly allocated into 5 groups; sham, I/R, I/R + OM (300 mg/kg), I/R + carvacrol (75 mg/kg), and I/R + vitamin E (100 mg/kg). Renal function markers, oxidant-antioxidant parameters, and histopathological examination were evaluated. Results. It was exhibited that the urea, creatinine, protein carbonyl, glomerular filtration rate, total thiol, ferric reducing antioxidant power, and histopathological changes markedly reversed in the treatment groups with OM or carvacrol in comparison to the I/R merely group. Conclusion. We conclude that OM extract or its ingredient, carvacrol, exerts renoprotective impacts in I/R-induced kidney injury possibly by scavenging free radicals and increasing antioxidant power.

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