scholarly journals Production of liquid and granulated organic fertilizers from poultry farm wastes

2020 ◽  
pp. 61-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. D. Buzetti ◽  
M. V. Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Waste Processing ◽  
Poultry Farm ◽  
Poultry Waste ◽  
Processing Waste ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
The Cost

Relevance. The work shows the need for processing waste from poultry farms into organic fertilizers. The main aspects of poultry waste processing are considered. The scheme for obtaining high-efficiency granular and liquid organic fertilizers from waste from poultry farms is described and shown. Expected results from the implementation of the developed technology are considered.Results. The technology of waste processing allows you to get both solid granular and liquid organic fertilizers. At the same time, the energy efficiency ofwasteprocessingisincreased, the cost of themainproductsofpoultryfarms is reduced, and the environmental risk of waste entering the environment is minimized.

scholarly journals Development of a technology for producing organic fertilizers based on catalytic processes

2021 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 92-99
Author(s):  
Ye.B. Nikitin ◽  
◽  
T.I. Uryumtseva ◽  
B.A. Sharov ◽  
O.A. Slatvinskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Poultry Waste ◽  
Sodium Humate ◽  
Bird Droppings ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

The article is devoted to the development of a technology for obtaining organic fertilizers from poultry waste based on biocatalytic processes. Currently, many poultry farms have become sources of environmental pollution, thereby causing serious environmental problems and economic and social damage. The problem of reliable protection of the natural environment from pollution by bird droppings is currently relevant. In the area of operation of large poultry farms, air pollution by microorganisms, dust, foul-smelling organic compounds, which are decomposition products of organic waste, as well as nitrogen, sulfur, and carbon oxides, is possible. Bird droppings contain acids, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, heavy metals. The content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium changes dramatically depending on the quantity and quality of the feed. Humic substances isolated from brown coal have a sufficiently high sorption activity and are used as cheap sorbents for solving a number of environmental problems in industry. These studies are aimed at minimizing the main disadvantage of the anaerobic digestion process, the low reaction rate, which leads to the need to create large-volume bioreactors. On the basis of the research carried out, a technology has been developed for obtaining organic fertilizers from poultry waste by the method of anaerobic fermentation of chicken manure with humidity at a temperature of 27 °C - 50 °C with the addition of sodium humate. The resulting fertilizer is intended for use in agricultural production, horticulture, floriculture, forestry, municipalities, in household plots in order to increase the yield and quality of crop production. For the developed technology, an application has been submitted for obtaining a Patent for the invention of the Republic of Kazakhstan «Method for producing organic fertilizers» (priority No. 2021-22818, dated July 13, 2021). The invention allows to significantly reduce the time of fermentation, to enrich the product with organic and mineral products contained in sodium humate, to convert the salts of heavy metals into an insoluble state, to improve the environmental friendliness of the method.

scholarly journals New perspectives of biogas use

2021 ◽  
Vol 262 ◽  
pp. 01017
Author(s):  
Lyubov Zazykina ◽  
Valentin Gusev
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Secondary Production ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Poultry Waste ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
The Past ◽  
Economic Decisions ◽  
Poultry Farms

The article is a comparison of existing facilities for processing poultry waste into bio energy. Currently, poultry farms have difficulties selling their secondary production, because only some of them have land plots. Thus, according to the statistics, the use of organic fertilizers in Russia decreased by seven times over the past 20 years, and now only 0.9–1.3 tons of waste are used per 1 ha of sowing. Meanwhile, poultry population has not decreased, so this waste is not disposed properly. The most crucial task for modern managers is to neutralize and rational use waste, making recycling at the poultry farms. This problem can be solved only by taking into account social and economical consequences, when making economic decisions. Consequently, such a method of decision-making could improve the farms’ competitiveness will be enhanced by using secondary production (particularly poultry waste) as biogas.

scholarly journals Processing of poultry farm waste by microbial conversion

2020 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 04004
Author(s):  
Irina Zanina ◽  
Eugenia Kostromina ◽  
Natalia Stuzhenko ◽  
Yuri Chertov
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Waste Processing ◽  
Poultry Farm ◽  
Microbial Conversion ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Experimental Laboratory ◽  
Anaerobic Bioconversion ◽  
Selection Of

The article presents the results of an analysis of modern research in the field of organic waste processing. To solve the problem, anaerobic bioconversion method was chosen. The data of experimental laboratory experiments on the selection of a consortium of microorganisms’ methanizing waste from poultry farms with maximum efficiency are presented.

scholarly journals The Use of Heat Exhaust Ventilation in Poultry Farms

2018 ◽  
pp. 72-75
Author(s):  
Aleksey Sklyar ◽  
Viktor Minaev ◽  
Valery Mokhov ◽  
Margarita Postnova
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Aerodynamic Drag ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Excessive Pressure ◽  
Poultry House ◽  
Exhaust Ventilation ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Axial Fans ◽  
The Cost

Modern poultry farming is associated with emissions of a significant amount of heat into the atmosphere and from the position of the Kyoto Protocol. The same time, energy is a significant component in the cost of eggs, poultry meat, and all food products from them. The original design of recuperative heat exchangers to minimize aerodynamic drag allowing exhaust air to remove axial fans on the inflow in this case are inevitable radial fans, taking into account the use of the heater. In addition to heat recovery, this vent structure can work both at vacuum and at excessive pressure in the poultry house, for example, in the starting period for broilers. The heat exchanger of the proposed design was tested in the pilot poultry house of OS ‘Cherepovets broiler’, where the installation showed high efficiency by a third to reduce the annual heat consumption compared to other poultry farms located in a similar climatic zone.

Drying and heating of scrap metal at steelmaking: industrial safety, economics, ecology

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (12) ◽  
pp. 1353-1258
Author(s):  
V. A. Spirin ◽  
V. E. Nikol’skii ◽  
D. V. Vokhmintsev ◽  
A. A. Moiseev ◽  
P. G. Smirnov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Scrap Metal ◽  
Industrial Safety ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Metal Charge ◽  
Basic Task ◽  
Scrap Heating ◽  
Winter Time

At steel production based on scrap metal utilization, the scrap heating before charging into a melting facility is an important way of energy efficiency increase and ecological parameters improving. In winter time scrap metal charging with ice inclusions into a metal melt can result in a considerable damage of equipment and even accidents. Therefore, scrap preliminary drying is necessary to provide industrial safety. It was shown, that in countries with warm and low-snow climate with no risk of scrap metal icing up during its transportation and storing in the open air, the basic task being solved at the scrap drying is an increase of energy efficiency of steelmaking. InRussiathe scrap metal drying first of all provides the safety of the process and next - energy saving. Existing technologies of scrap metal drying and heating considered, as well as advantages and drawbacks of technical solutions used at Russian steel plants. In winter time during scrap metal heating at conveyers (Consteel process) hot gases penetrate not effectively into its mass, the heat is not enough for evaporation of wetness in the metal charge. At scrap heating by the furnace gases, a problem of dioxines emissions elimination arises. Application of shaft heaters results in high efficiency of scrap heating. However, under conditions of Russian winter the upper scrap layers are not always heated higher 0 °С and after getting into a furnace bath the upper scrap layers cause periodical vapor explosions. The shaft heaters create optimal conditions for dioxines formation, which emit into atmosphere. It was shown, that accounting Russian economic and nature conditions, the metal charge drying and heating in modified charging buckets by the heat of burnt natural gas or other additional fuel is optimal. The proposed technical solution enables to burnt off organic impurities ecologically safely, to melt down ice, to evaporate the wetness in the scrap as well as to heat the charge as enough as the charging logistics enables it. The method was implemented at several Russian steel plants. Technical and economical indices of scrap metal drying in buckets under conditions of EAF-based shop, containing two furnaces ДСП-100, presented.

Analysis of energy efficiency of polder of pumping stations in a Slavsk district of the Kaliningrad region

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Yuriy Spirin ◽  
Vladimir Puntusov
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Drainage Rate ◽  
Pumping Stations ◽  
Kaliningrad Region ◽  
Pumping Equipment ◽  
Excess Power ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Domestic Power

In the Kaliningrad region there are about 70 % of all polder lands in Russia. On these lands with high potential fertility, it is advisable to intensive agriculture. The area for the average moisture year is an area with excessive moisture, which indicates the need to maintain the rate of drainage on agricultural land. Many different factors play a role in ensuring the drainage rate, one of which is pumping stations and pumping equipment installed on them. An important parameter in the use of pump-power equipment is energy consumption, since in this industry it is a considerable expense item. Improving the energy efficiency of pumping stations on polders is a pressing issue today. At the majority of polder pumping stations, domestic power pumping equipment is installed with excess power and head of 4–8 meters, and a new one is selected based on the maximum possible head in a given place. In the Kaliningrad region, the energy efficiency of polder pumping equipment has never been analyzed. In this paper, a statistical processing of the geodesic pressure of water at the polder pumping stations of the Slavsk region for 2000–2002 was carried out. On the basis of these data and data on the hydraulic characteristics of pressure pipelines, the calculated water pressures were determined for the rational selection of pumping equipment. The calculation of the economic efficiency of pumps with optimal power compared with pumps of excess capacity. The results of the study can serve as a justification for the transition to the pumping equipment with less power and pressure, which will lead to a decrease in the cost of money for electricity.

scholarly journals Optical spin-symmetry breaking for high-efficiency directional helicity-multiplexed metaholograms

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ashar Naveed ◽  
Muhammad Afnan Ansari ◽  
Inki Kim ◽  
Trevon Badloe ◽  
Joohoon Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Spin Symmetry ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Dielectric Materials ◽  
Additional Degree ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative ◽  
Spin Orbit Interactions ◽  
Smart Mobile ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Hydrogenated Amorphous

AbstractHelicity-multiplexed metasurfaces based on symmetric spin–orbit interactions (SOIs) have practical limits because they cannot provide central-symmetric holographic imaging. Asymmetric SOIs can effectively address such limitations, with several exciting applications in various fields ranging from asymmetric data inscription in communications to dual side displays in smart mobile devices. Low-loss dielectric materials provide an excellent platform for realizing such exotic phenomena efficiently. In this paper, we demonstrate an asymmetric SOI-dependent transmission-type metasurface in the visible domain using hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) nanoresonators. The proposed design approach is equipped with an additional degree of freedom in designing bi-directional helicity-multiplexed metasurfaces by breaking the conventional limit imposed by the symmetric SOI in half employment of metasurfaces for one circular handedness. Two on-axis, distinct wavefronts are produced with high transmission efficiencies, demonstrating the concept of asymmetric wavefront generation in two antiparallel directions. Additionally, the CMOS compatibility of a-Si:H makes it a cost-effective alternative to gallium nitride (GaN) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) for visible light. The cost-effective fabrication and simplicity of the proposed design technique provide an excellent candidate for high-efficiency, multifunctional, and chip-integrated demonstration of various phenomena.

A Determinant Elimination Method for Bottleneck Assignment and Generalized Assignment Problems

2012 ◽  
Vol 239-240 ◽  
pp. 1522-1527
Author(s):  
Wen Bo Wu ◽  
Yu Fu Jia ◽  
Hong Xing Sun
Keyword(s):  
Computational Complexity ◽  
Optimization Algorithm ◽  
Assignment Problem ◽  
Numerical Experiments ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Assignment Problems ◽  
Generalized Assignment ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Time And Space Complexity

The bottleneck assignment (BA) and the generalized assignment (GA) problems and their exact solutions are explored in this paper. Firstly, a determinant elimination (DE) method is proposed based on the discussion of the time and space complexity of the enumeration method for both BA and GA problems. The optimization algorithm to the pre-assignment problem is then discussed and the adjusting and transformation to the cost matrix is adopted to reduce the computational complexity of the DE method. Finally, a synthesis method for both BA and GA problems is presented. The numerical experiments are carried out and the results indicate that the proposed method is feasible and of high efficiency.

Contour Extraction of Cerebrovascular Based on Maximum Optimization Cost

2011 ◽  
Vol 204-210 ◽  
pp. 1415-1418
Author(s):  
De Jiang Zhang ◽  
Na Na Dong ◽  
Xiao Mei Lin
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Programming ◽  
Blood Vessel ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Differential Method ◽  
Cost Curve ◽  
Contour Extraction ◽  
Target Image ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Conventional Algorithm

By studying the conventional algorithm of contour extraction, a new method of contour extraction in blood vessel of brain is proposed based on the MOC maximum optimization cost. First of all, the theory computes the gray differential of the image by conventional differential method to build the cost space. Then, by using dynamic programming theory, the maximum optimization cost curve in the space is extracted to serve as the specific cerebrovascular profile. The experiments show that this method ensures high efficiency in extracting cerebrovascular contour and a high accuracy in positioning cerebrovascular contour, and it diminishes the target image ambiguity caused by noise to improve the anti-interference ability of Contour extraction.

High-Efficiency Cut Blasting with Shell Radial Shaped Charge in Laboratory-Scale Blasting

2015 ◽  
Vol 1094 ◽  
pp. 445-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Chen ◽  
Hong Hao Ma ◽  
Zhao Wu Shen ◽  
De Bao Wang
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Circular Tube ◽  
Rock Breaking ◽  
Shaped Charge ◽  
Axial Line ◽  
Rock Excavation ◽  
Crack Network ◽  
Utilization Ratio ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Ideal

Due to the inefficiency problem of the cut blasting in rock excavation and rock breaking, a shell radial shaped charge device was proposed based of the ideal of ‘cutting to slotting’ and it was validated through experiments. For this device, the shell materials are used to be shaped materials and multiple shaped ring is designed on the circular tube. It can not only reduce charge quantity but also raise the utilization ratio of explosive energy. After explosion, multiple radial shaped charge jets can be formed along the axial line in sequence and then the surrounding rock mass would be cracked. The crack network will be formed along with the further extension of the fraction under the action of quasi static loading of detonation gas. The shell radial shaped charge device was tested through the cut blasting model experiment. Experimental results show that the utilization ratio of blasting hole nearly approaches 98% with this device. The blasting efficiency and cyclical footage can be improved effectively and the cost of drifting can also be reduced.

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