scholarly journals Comparative analysis of innovation performance of European Union countries

Notitia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Ivan Novak
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Innovation Performance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Innovation Capacity ◽  
New Eu Members ◽  
Country Specific

This paper aims to examine the innovation performance of 28 European Union countries. Hypothesis of the paper states there is a significant difference of innovation performance between the old and the new EU members. Furthermore, the role of SMEs regarding innovation capacity may not be the same across EU. Using K-means clustering results indicated Germany, Ireland, France, Luxemburg and Austria as the most innovative countries and Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia as the least innovative countries. Czech Republic, Croatia, Cyprus, Denmark, Finland, Greece, Italy, Lithuania, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovenia, Sweden, United Kingdom and Spain were found to have a medium level of innovation performance. Furthermore, United Kingdom surpassed the average innovation level of the cluster for the small sized enterprises. Croatia was below the average level of the cluster regardless of the size of the enterprise. Romania was the outlier with the least innovation. In order to facilitate more innovation these findings may be valuable in creating more country specific recommendations for entrepreneurial policy.

scholarly journals A Framework to Assess Fiscal Vulnerability: Empirical Evidence for European Union Countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 2482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreea Stoian ◽  
Laura Obreja Brașoveanu ◽  
Iulian Brașoveanu ◽  
Bogdan Dumitrescu
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Sovereign Debt ◽  
Debt Crisis ◽  
First Year ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Budget Balance ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
One Year ◽  
Fiscal Distress

Following the financial crisis of 2007 and the sovereign debt crisis in 2010 that affected the soundness and reduced the strength of public finance in European countries, there has been a growing interest in developing methodologies to the help assess and signal the vulnerability of fiscal policy. Therefore, the aim of this study is to develop a new framework (V-L-D) to assess fiscal vulnerability. V-L-D represents a new methodology on the measurement of fiscal vulnerability that relies on the assumption that vulnerability can occur even during calm times. In comparison with previous methodologies that studied fiscal vulnerability around crisis and fiscal distress times, our framework investigates fiscal vulnerability near fiscal adjustments episodes. Our methodology relies on two distinct indicators: one showing the vulnerabilities indicated by the level of the cyclically adjusted budget balance and distance-to-stability, and one showing the vulnerabilities pointed out through the changes of the cyclically adjusted budget balance and public debt. V-L-D is able to classify fiscal vulnerability into five distinct categories having scores from 0 (no fiscal vulnerability) to 4 (extreme fiscal vulnerability). Using annual data ranging over 1990–2013 for 28 European Union countries, we evidenced 310 episodes of fiscal vulnerability, out of which 128 episodes of low vulnerability, 94 of moderate, 62 of strong, and 26 of extreme fiscal vulnerability. We also found that over 2004–2013, Greece, Portugal, Romania, United Kingdom, Ireland, Spain, and Slovenia were the most fiscally vulnerable countries in the Union. United Kingdom and Greece went through the longest episodes of fiscal vulnerability, counting 12 and 11 consecutive years, respectively. We tested our framework’s effectiveness against the Excessive Deficit Procedure. We found that the overall performance is good: V-L-D assessed moderate fiscal vulnerability during the procedure, strong fiscal vulnerability in the first year when procedure was initiated, and extreme vulnerability one year before the initiation.

scholarly journals CORRUPTION, CAPITAL ABUNDANCE AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: EVIDENCE FROM THE EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vlatka Bilas ◽  
Mile Bošnjak ◽  
Sanja Franc
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this paper is to establish and clarify the relationship between corruption level and development among European Union countries. Out of the estimated model in this paper one can conclude that the level of corruption can explain capital abundance differences among European Union countries. Also, explanatory power of corruption is higher in explaining economic development than in explaining capital abundance, meaning stronger relationship between corruption level and economic development than between corruption level and capital abundance. There is no doubt that reducing corruption would be beneficial for all countries. Since corruption is a wrongdoing, the rule of law enforcement is of utmost importance. However, root causes of corruption, namely the institutional and social environment: recruiting civil servants on a merit basis, salaries in public sector competitive to the ones in private sector, the role of international institutions in the fight against corruption, and some other corruption characteristics are very important to analyze in order to find effective ways to fight corruption. Further research should go into this direction.

EMISSION EFFICIENCY OF EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES

2018 ◽  
Vol XX (6) ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
Edyta Gajos ◽  
Sylwia Małażewska ◽  
Konrad Prandecki
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Emission Efficiency ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Emission Volume

The aim of the study was to compare the total greenhouse gas emissions in the European Union countries and their emission efficiency. Emission efficiency was calculated as the ratio of emission volume and value to gross value added generated by the economy of a given country (size of the economy). The necessary statistical data was obtained from Eurostat. It was found that in 2015 most of greenhouse gases were emitted by: Germany, United Kingdom, Poland, France and Italy. At the same time, France and the United Kingdom were characterized by one of the best emission efficiency in the European Union, Germany and Italy obtained average results, while Poland was in the group of countries with the lowest emission efficiency. Therefore, it can be concluded, that the volume of emissions is significantly affected by the size of the economy. Some large emitters have economies based on relatively “clean” technologies and thus their potential to further reduction is not very high. The reverse is true for some low-emission countries, such as Estonia and Bulgaria. This indicates the need for a more comprehensive look at the problem of reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

scholarly journals The Endogeneity Of Association Agreements And Their Impact On Trade For Eastern Countries: Empirical Evidence For Romania

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Rault ◽  
Ana Maria Sova ◽  
Robert Sova
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Free Trade Agreements ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
Economic Literature ◽  
Association Agreement ◽  
European Union Countries

The main goal of regionalization is the creation of free trade areas and the guarantee for countries to accede to a widened market. Many studies dealing with the effects of regional free trade agreements on trade flows already exist in economic literature and the increase of regional agreements among nations has recently stressed the key role of regionalization. However, the effects of agreements on trade have not yet been clearly determined in those studies. Our research in this paper aims at reassessing the genuine role of associations. For this matter, we particularly study the association of Romania with European Union countries. Our econometric analysis based on qualitative choice models highlights in particular why European countries chose to conclude an association agreement with Romania, and stresses the fact that European Union countries select endogenously the conclusion of association agreements. We also find a 29% positive impact of the association agreement on Romanian export performances.

scholarly journals European identity of Scotland in the context of Brexit

2020 ◽  
pp. 157-177
Author(s):  
Mikhail Grabevnik
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
National Identity ◽  
European Identity ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Soft Or ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Key Factor

The withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union focused the issue of cleavage of British statehood by European criteria. According to the results of sociological surveys and polls, the distribution of preferences of Brexit is correlated with the national identification matrix. Most Scots and Irish of United Kingdom support remaining the membership in the European Union, while the most English defend soft or hard Brexit. However, the depth of such cleavage underlines the uncertainty in the preferences of citizens who identify as British in general. In the context of the United Kingdom's withdrawal from the European Union, the question of the European identity of Scots was also underlines by Scotland's regional political actors. This article is aimed to the analysis of the dynamics of the European identity of the Scottish community in 2016–2020 under Brexit conditions. The author concludes that the share of Scots with European identities increased after 2016, and Brexit was a key factor in the dynamics. At the same time, the actualization of European identity among the Scottish community is connected with the pragmatic strategy of the Scottish community and regional political actors to neutralize the negative economic and social effects of Brexit and plays an instrumental role in the national and European political arenas. The article starts with an excursion to the issues of national identity in the modern United Kingdom in the studies of Western and Russian authors. Then, based on an analysis of sociological data, the question of the European identity of Scots was raised, as well as the role of the national identity of United Kingdom citizens in the issue of membership in the European Union. At the end of the article, author proposes the description of the position and strategy of the Scottish community on the issue of Brexit.

scholarly journals THE ADVERTISING MARKET OF EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES – THE EVOLUTION IN RECENT YEARS

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Catalina Timiras
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
New Member States ◽  
Strong Link ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
New Eu Members ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Total Market

This paper seeks to highlight how the EU advertising market has evolved in recent years, as well as the link between the macroeconomic outcomes of the analyzed countries and the size of this market. According to the analyzed statistical data provided by Eurostat in recent years for which we have data, the advertising market (assessed by the Turnover or gross premiums written indicator) registered an upward trend in the EU, with the old EU members accounting about 90% of the total market, and the new member states just over 10%. The number of market operators also increased, with about 75% of them operating at the level of the old EU members. The size of the advertising markets at the level of the analyzed countries is closely linked to the recorded macroeconomic outcomes, with a direct and strong link between the gross premiums written and the Gross domestic product. The link has been studied both across EU countries and separately for the two categories of old states (EU - 15) and new EU members.

scholarly journals Electronic Management and its Role in Improving Administrative Work in Public Schools in Al Buraimi and Al Dhahirah, Sultanate of Oman: الإدارة الإلكترونية ودورها في تحسين العمل الإداري في المدارس الحكومية بمحافظتي البريمي والظاهرة في سلطنة عُمان

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (26) ◽  
pp. 26-1
Author(s):  
Zaid Khamis Ali Al-karusi, Abdulmajid Mohammed Aldaba, Mohd Zaid Khamis Ali Al-karusi, Abdulmajid Mohammed Aldaba, Mohd
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
School Principals ◽  
Average Level ◽  
Sultanate Of Oman ◽  
Government Schools ◽  
Administrative Work ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Medium Level

  The study aimed to find out the role of electronic management in improving administrative work in government schools in Buraimi Region and Al Dhahirah Region in Oman based on principals and their deputies' perspectives. The descriptive analytical design was used to analyse the data and answer the questions of the study. Researchers developed a questionnaire consisting of (55) items which were divided into two parts: availability of electronic management requirements, and administrative work. The sample consisted of (111) school principals and their deputies. The outcomes showed that the degree of availability of requirements for the application of electronic in public schools in both regions was on the average (medium) level (3.28 out of 5). More specifically, the outcomes revealed that the availability of materialistic requirements has got (3.55) which is considered 'high'. |Second, human and technical requirements have got (3.36); and thirdly, rules and regulations have got (3.16). Finally, the financial requirements have got an average level of (2.98). The outcomes have also shown that the electronic management has a role in improving administrative work with an average level (4.01) which is considered high. In terms of the fields in this part, the organization has got the highest average (4.11); planning has got an average of (4.01); supervision has got an average of (3.98); directions have got an average of (3.97); and finally, the decision-making has got an average of (3.94). In addition, the findings indicated that there is no statistically significant difference between the average responses of the study sample about the role of electronic management in improving administrative work due to the 'years of experience' variable. The study recommended allocating an appropriate budget for public schools in Oman to provide the necessary requirements (computers) and maintenance to apply electronic management effectively.

scholarly journals BREXIT AS A MANIFESTATION OF THE CRISIS OF LIBERAL DEMOCRACY IN THE UNITED KINGDOM

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Liberal Democracy ◽  
Political System ◽  
The Political ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The World ◽  
Populist Movements

The publication is devoted to the analysis of the UK exit from the European Union as a manifestation of the systemic crisis of the liberal democracy model. The causes and difficulties of this process are analyzed under the conditions of the failure of the political system to make political decisions. The problematic issues of liberal ideology and the model of liberal democracy were examined. The differences in the ideological convictions of the two founders of liberalism – Thomas Hobbes and John Locke, as well as the role of these differences in the modern functioning of liberal democracy in the United Kingdom. The role of globalization processes in the world in the context of the development and functioning of liberal democracy is analyzed. Some features of the course of globalization processes in the world are highlighted. The features of the existence of the European Union as an international supranational organization in the context of its influence on the functioning and stability of the political system of the United Kingdom are examined. The features of the functioning of the model of liberal democracy under conditions of strengthening the international way of making political, economic and legal decisions are emphasized. Particular attention is paid to the political motives of organizing of start of the process of the UK’s exit from the European Union, as well as the consequences of such a decision. In addition, the role of populist movements in this process, that have Euro-skeptical positions, has been established. The features of the functioning of populist movements are highlighted. The essence of the crisis of the model of liberal democracy in the United Kingdom is determined. The author analyzes the risks of the United Kingdom leaving the European Union in the context of a peace settlement of the conflict in Northern Ireland as one of the indicators of the crisis of the liberal political system. In conclusion is performed analysis of some results of the referendum on the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union.

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