scholarly journals The development of the foundations of source criticism as a scientific discipline at the Imperial Novorossiya University

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 284-299
Author(s):  
Irena Grebtsova ◽  
Maryna Kovalska
Keyword(s):  
Great Influence ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Source Criticism ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Source Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Main Components

The article is devoted to the study of the development of the source criticism’s knowledge in the Imperial Novorossiya University which was founded in the second half of the XIX century in Odesa. Grounding on a large complex of general scientific methods, and a historical method and source criticism, the authors identified the stages of the formation of source criticism in the process of teaching historical disciplines at the university, what they based on an analysis of the teaching activities of professors and associate professors of the Faculty of History and Philology. In the article, the development of the foundations of source criticism is considered as a complex process, which in Western European and Russian science was the result of the development of the theory and practice of everyday dialogue between scientists and historical sources. This process had a great influence on the advancement of a historical education in university, which was one of the important factors in the formation of source studies as a scientific discipline. The history of individual scientific disciplines cannot be understood outside the context of the development of science altogether, therefore the authors paid attention to the change of scientific paradigms in the period under the study. It is noted that reforms in the field of education and the development of European historical knowledge have become the main components of the formation of historians, who, with their scientific activities at the theoretical and practical levels, contributed to the development of the special historical disciplines. The article reveals a gradual increase in the number of courses taught at the historical department of the Faculty of History and Philology, in which teachers used the opportunity to teach students to work with various types and kinds of sources. The authors examine the contribution of the historians of Odesa in the XIX – early XX century in the process of institutionalization of historical disciplines, in the formation of a complex of special historical disciplines, which resulted in the actualization of their scientific works in subsequent years. As a result of the study, the authors came to the conclusion that the professors of the departments of general and Russian history, with their teaching and scientific activities, laid the foundations of source criticism as a special scientific discipline, raising theoretical problems in their lecture courses, and at the training workshops, teaching students how to work with sources in practical terms.

scholarly journals Mahbub Djunaidi, Seniman Politik Nahdlatul Ulama (1960-1987)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-174
Author(s):  
Farhan Nugraha ◽  
Muhammad Fakhruddin ◽  
Humaidi Humaidi
Keyword(s):  
Political History ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Democracy ◽  
Source Criticism ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Organizational Experiences ◽  
Political Activist ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nahdlatul Ulama ◽  
The Ideal

Abstrak: Nahdlatul Ulama merupakan salah satu organisasi Islam terbesar di Indonesia. Organisasi ini lahir tentu dari para tokoh-tokoh besar yang menggawanginya, salah satunya Mahbud Djunaidi. Kemampuan politiknya diperoleh dari berbagai pengalaman organisasi dan kemampuan dalam kepenulisan. Adapun permasalahan yang diangkat dalam penelitian ini yaitu bagaimana riwayat politik Mahbub Djunaidi sebagai aktivis politik Nahdlatul Ulama pada tahun 1960-1987. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguraikan perjalanan politik Mahbub Djunaidi (1960-1987). Berdasarkan permasalahan dan tujuan penelitian tersebut, maka metode yang digunakan adalah metode historis yang terdiri dari tahap heuristik, kritik sumber, interpretasi dan historiografi. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Mahbub Djunaidi memiliki konsep khittah plus. Demokrasi politik ala Mahbub Djunaidi adalah cita-cita demokrasi yang diperjuangkan melalui garis politik.Kata Kunci: Mahbub Djunaidi, Demokrasi Politik, Nahdlatul Ulama.Abstract: Nahdlatul Ulama is one of the largest Islamic organizations in Indonesia. This organization was born of course from the big figures who oversee it, one of them Mahbud Djunaidi. His political abilities are obtained from various organizational experiences and abilities in writing. The problem raised in this research is how the political history of Mahbub Djunaidi as a political activist of Nahdlatul Ulama in 1960-1987. Based on these problems, this study aims to describe the political journey of Mahbub Djunaidi (1960-1987). Based on the problems and objectives of the research, the method used is the historical method which consists of heuristics, source criticism, interpretation and historiography stages. The results of the study show that Mahbub Djunaidi has the concept of khittah plus. Political democracy in the style of Mahbub Djunaidi is the ideal of democracy which is fought for through political lines. Keywords: Mahbub Djunaidi, Political Democracy, Nahdlatul Ulama.

scholarly journals “Strokes to the portrait”: the senior member of the Moscow City Duma N. P. Vishnyakov (1844–1927) on his contemporaries and himself (based on the materials of the personal archive)

2021 ◽  
pp. 76-83
Author(s):  
Natalia Sergeevna Bylova
Keyword(s):  
Historical Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Archival Studies ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Everyday Activity ◽  
Senior Member ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Moscow City ◽  
Source Studies ◽  
History Of

This article examines the informative capabilities of the body of materials from the personal archive of N. P. Vishnyakov for reconstructing the history of the senior member of the Moscow City Duma. Leaning on the historiography dedicated to the work with personal archive collections, as well as determining lacunas in the scientific literature, assessment is given to composition of the fund with emphasis on one of the varieties of sources stored therein – “Reminiscences of the Duma”, internal and external criticism of these materials. The example of N. P. Vishnyakov's “Reminiscences of the Duma” demonstrated the experience of development of the methods of archival studies, source studies, historiographical and specific-historical approaches towards examination of personal and family archives. Work with the body of materials from personal archive collections allows introducing the new historical sources into the scientific discourse. Based on the substantive analysis of the texts that comprise the source base of the article, the author attempts to reconstruct the everyday activity of the Moscow Duma, which draws interest of the historians in the context of sociopolitical history, as well as micro-historical analysis. The sources of N. P. Vishnyakov's personal archive bear the imprint of ego-documents, which allow reconstructing the actions “behind the scene” through the prism of personal relations and contracts of the founder, as well as direct participants of the historical process, including the figure of N. P. Vishnyakov.

scholarly journals Everyday Life of White–Guard Omsk in the Lens of American Camera (1919): Revisiting Attribution of a Little–Known Source

2019 ◽  
pp. 357-374
Author(s):  
Maksim M. Stelmak ◽  
◽  
Dmitry I. Petin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Video Sequence ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
American Military ◽  
Detailed Explanation ◽  
Provincial City ◽  
Source Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Military Mission

In 2000s there appeared in the Internet video materials on the Civil War in Russia made by military journalists of the Allied Intervention. Most noteworthy of these is a newsreel made by the American military mission in January–February 1919. Of particular interest is it part shot in Omsk. Although it is of great informative value, the researchers have overlooked this historical newsreel; its analysis and scientific attribution have not been made. The authors have rectified this by conducting a study involving various historical sources, scientific literature and memoirs. The study has resulted in the description of buildings and places on the film in accordance with its video sequence. It also provides a detailed explanation on agencies housed in the buildings in 1919, when Admiral A. V. Kolchak’s government was in power, and on their current holders. Attribution of the American newsreel, which captured Omsk in 1919, allows to reconstruct daily life of this provincial city and once-upon-a-time capital of anti-Bolshevik Russia. The analysis highlights subjects that were of most interest to the American allies. The reel shows different sides of everyday life in White Omsk, of the Supreme ruler and of the refugees. At the same time, it provides some specific, yet important to historians, details of Omsk urbanism of a hundred years ago. Visual sources are rarely used by researchers of the Civil War. Thus, the publication is of immediate interest to military historians studying the Civil War and Allied Intervention, as well as experts in the history of Siberia, source studies, and history of everyday life.

Habits of Thought and Judgement: E. A. Freeman on Historical Methods

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herman Paul
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Philosophy Of History ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Source Criticism ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Methods

Why did E. A. Freeman’s The Methods of Historical Study (1886) meet with mostly negative responses from late 19th-century American and Continental European historians? This essay argues that while Freeman adopted the language of ‘historical methods’ that was becoming customary in the 1880s, he did not understand the term to refer to techniques of source criticism, as many of his contemporaries did, but to a comparative method firmly rooted in Thomas Arnold’s unity of history doctrine. Confusingly, then, Freeman’s method promoted a philosophy of history of the kind that, by the 1880s, was increasingly rejected in the name of historical method. It is not without irony, therefore, that The Methods of Historical Study was sometimes mistaken for a methodology manual like Ernst Bernheim’s Lehrbuch der historischen Methode (1889) and as such found wanting by historians interested in the newest techniques of source criticism.

scholarly journals The Development of Tarutung Into a City

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 2676-2685
Author(s):  
Pertiwih Siahaan ◽  
Budi Agustono
Keyword(s):  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Cultural Elements ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Military Administration ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Village ◽  
The City

This article discusses the history of the formation of the city of Tarutung. This article answers the problem of how the city of Tarutung developed after the arrival of Western colonialism in the form of religion, military, administration and economy which encouraged the development of Tarutung City. This study uses the historical method through four stages: heuristics (collection of historical sources); verification (source criticism); interpretation (historical analysis and interpretation); and historiography (writing history). Sources as historical data obtained from a number of documents and literature from the colonial to post-colonial period. This study found that the existing Tarutung city was formed into a traditional city which was used as a trading center from a durian tree that grew in the middle of the village with the Batak Toba socio-culture that was implemented before the arrival of Western colonialism. The arrival and colonial influence made the identity of Tarutung City begin to develop both in terms of social, economic, and cultural aspects while maintaining the traditional cultural elements that still exist.

In Memoriam of Yaroslav Sokolov

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 824-840
Author(s):  
V.B. Ivashkevich
Keyword(s):  
Recent Decade ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Data Generation ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Accounting Data ◽  
Deep Appreciation ◽  
History Of ◽  
In Memoriam ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Relationship Of

Subject. The article discusses the totality of theoretical, methodological and practical issues of accounting data generation and use as viewed in proceedings by Ya.V. Sokolov. I also contemplate on his contribution to the theory of accounting over time and at present, raising the significance of accountancy in the accounting community. Objectives. The study sorts key aspects and results of Sokolov's proceedings, as a renowned personality in the Russian and international practices of accounting. I find and analyze conceptual approaches to implementing Sokolov's ideas and recommendations, trying to fit them into the digital economy. In this article, we owe a deep appreciation and respect to Ya.V. Sokolov and his contribution to the evolution of accountancy in Russia. Methods. The article refers to the main publications of Ya.V. Sokolov in the Russian and foreign editions. I also cite recollections, articles and essays on him, personal impression he left during multiple meetings in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Kazan, Krasnodar, Kiyv, Zhytomyr, Paris and Sevilla. Results. People usually understand the significance of something or someone when they are no longer here. This idea has never been so true as it has been for the recent decade without Ya.V. Sokolov by our side. Ya.V. Sokolov was a wonderful person who was so important for the Russian science and practice of accounting. He was an excellent teacher, intellectually gifted person and a genuine native of St. Petersburg. What makes his work so valuable is that he preserved and unfolded traditions and culture of accounting in Russia, raised the respect to the profession, scholars and renowned accountants of the past and present time. Sokolov's proceedings were the first to reveal the undeniable relationship of accounting and philosophy, macro- and microeconomics, theory of systems, law, sociology and psychology. He was a trailblazer who treated the management accounting as a mandatory constituent of business management. Conclusions and Relevance. I share the opinion of many professionals saying that Yaroslav Sokolov is the most prominent accountant that worked in Russia at the end of 20th through the beginning of the 21st centuries. The theory and practice of accounting would not have been what they are now in Russia, if not him. The article may prove useful to those who are interested in the history of accounting in Russia, current issues and strategies for the improvement.

scholarly journals “Killed in An Explosion in the House of the Supreme Ruler”: Concerning the Analysis of Death Records of the Officers of the Admiral A. V. Kolchak’s Convoy, August 27, 1919

2021 ◽  
pp. 725-740
Author(s):  
Dmitrii I. Petin ◽  
◽  
Maksim M. Stelmak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Service Category ◽  
Vital Records ◽  
Source Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
First Time

The study is devoted to the analysis of a group of unknown sources from the Historical Archive of the Omsk Region (fond of the Omsk Spiritual Consistory) that are being introduced into scientific use for the first time. These documents are associated with a tragic incident that resulted in the death of seven lower ranks, who provided security for Admiral A. V. Kolchak in Omsk. The contemporaries’ memoirs have served as an auxiliary source in the study. The relevance of this work is justified by contradictions in modern historiographic discussion regarding the cause of the explosion in the vicinity of the private residence of the Supreme Ruler in Omsk on August 25, 1919, as well as by great interest of the national scientific community in his person. Anthropological approach, principle of consistency, historical-systemic and comparative-historical method have served as methodological basis for the study. This theoretical totality suggests two points. First, consideration of the identified vital records as a natural consequence of the work of the Institute of the Russian Orthodox Church; second, critical comparative analysis of the new data and previous developments in historiography. The identified records have made it possible to establish the exact number of servicemen who died as a result of the tragedy, as well as their names, belonging to the service category of the lower ranks of the White Army, date of death, place and date of the funeral service and burial. The authors point out that the analyzed sources are also of key importance for studying the last days of the Omsk poet Yuri (Peter Ivanovich) Sopov, one of the victims of the explosion. In the conclusion, the thesis is emphasized of the need for basic and contextual use of vital records as a valuable documentary source on the past for conducting research on various aspects of the history of the Civil War. This publication may be of interest to specialists in source studies, researchers of the Civil War in the East of Russia, state security agencies of the anti-Bolshevik authorities, biography of Admiral A. V. Kolchak, local Omsk history.

scholarly journals Theoretical Aspects of Studying Ethnography as a Scientific Discipline

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 312-316
Author(s):  
D. Kholmatova
Keyword(s):  
Great Influence ◽  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Lexical Composition ◽  
Political Economic

This article considers theoretical aspects of studying ethnography as a scientific discipline. The aim of the article is to consider linguistic analysis of ethnographic terminology (on materials of Russian and Uzbek languages). The author of the article considers that the vocabulary of the people is connected with the history of the country, with the events taking place at all stages of political, economic and cultural development of the state. A great influence on the development of vocabulary of one culture on the other is the borrowing of words, which occurs in the course of the development of any of the areas in the state. The lexical composition of the language accepts all cultural contacts and replenishes its vocabulary, which results in the creation of ethnographic terminology. Composition of linguistic analysis of this terminology is one of the most interesting goals in studying borrowed words and their role in lexico-semantic system of Russian and Uzbek languages.

scholarly journals The role of pedagogical historiography in forming pedagogical knowledge

2008 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-273
Author(s):  
Natasa Vujisic-Zivkovic
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Social History ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
History Of Education ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Pedagogical Knowledge ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
History Of ◽  
Research And Education

This paper discuses the role of pedagogical historiography in forming pedagogical knowledge, both from the aspect of history and from the aspect of the present status of this discipline. Our aim is to observe the problems of pedagogical historiography, as a scientific and teaching discipline, in the context of forming of pedagogical knowledge. The process of transformation of heuristic function of the history of pedagogy is analyzed - from the traditional approach which emphasizes its role in forming pedagogical culture to the orientation of historical research and education in pedagogy towards theoretical and professional knowledge. The development of history of pedagogy as a scientific discipline is mostly observed through three phases: the first, focused on research of the development of pedagogical ideas and/or school system, lasted until the 1960s, when it was replaced by social history of education, while today it is mostly spoken about the 'cultural history of education'. The evolution of pedagogical historiography is also followed by the changes in its relation towards theory and practice of education, which is especially dealt with in this paper. In the conditions of radical changes in epistemology of social sciences and university reform, pedagogical historiography faces the question of its own relevance.

scholarly journals History of the Tendency of the People of Basra to the Osman Empire

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 350
Author(s):  
Ashraf Azimi Shooshtari
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
War Of Attrition ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Issues ◽  
The City

The history of the tendency of the people of Basra to the Ottoman Empire and the situation of Basra and the people of Basra and their beliefs, from the time of the founding of the city of Basra to the Battle of Jamal, is one of the important historical issues that no one has addressed so far. The purpose of this issue is to provide a general understanding of the Ottoman thought and beliefs and the people of Basra. This study seeks to answer the question of how and when the people of Basra became Ottoman. The present article has been written in a descriptive historical method, using historical sources with the method of collecting library information. The Ottomans were originally a political sect that, after the assassination of the Ottomans under the pretext of bloodshed, waged a war of attrition around Basra led by Talha, Zubair and Aisha. According to historians, most of the people of Basra broke their allegiance to Imam Ali (as) and collaborated with him. The Ottoman ideology, which was hidden from most of the people of Basra before the Battle of Jamal, emerged after that. As a result, the majority of the people of Basra turned to the Ottoman Empire from the time of the Camel War, which is the finding of this article.

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