scholarly journals Analysis of Cassava Peel Paste as An Electrolyte of Electrical Energy Source

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Amir Supriyanto
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Electric Current ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Electrical Characteristics ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Cassava Peel ◽  
Cu And Zn

The electrical characteristics of cassava peel can be detected by using a pair of electrodes, Cu and Zn. Measurement of electrical characteristics is done when the cassava peel is given a 5 watt LED load and when the load is removed. Cassava peel are used in two different ways: fermented and non-fermented. The electrolyte cell used consisted of 20 cells, assembled in three different types: 20 series, 10 series with 2 parallel, and 5 series with 4 parallel. The volume of each cell's paste is 200 ml. The measurement results show that the 20 series circuit produces the greatest electrical voltage, but the electric current is small and the resistance is large. While the series with 20 cells and 5 series with 4 parallel obtained maximum power. The cassava peel which were fermented for 72 hours can increase the electrical power generated from the three types of circuits.

scholarly journals Uji Kinerja Alat Penyangrai Kopi Tipe Silinder Menggunakan Band-Heater sebagai Pemanas

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 382-391
Author(s):  
Gamal Abdil Nasir ◽  
Syafriandi Syafriandi ◽  
Mustaqimah Mustaqimah
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Electric Current ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Coffee Consumption ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Heat Element

Abstrak. Konsumsi kopi di Indonesia mengalami kenaikan rata-rata sekitar 3 % setiap tahunnya. Meningkatnya nilai konsumsi kopi menjadi pendorong bagi pelaku pengolahan kopi untuk meningkatkan produksinya. Oleh karena itu penting untuk memiliki alat penyangrai yang dapat meningkatkan kualitas dan kuantitas produksi. Penelitian ini dilakukan pengujian mesin sangrai tipe silinder yang dilengkapi elemen panas (heater) sebagai pemanas dan diharapkan dapat mempercepat proses penyangraian dengan kadar air sangrai yang lebih seragam.Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui kinerja mesin sangrai kopi tipe silinder menggunakan elemen panas (heater) untuk penyangraian kopi robusta sebanyak 2 kg/penyangraian.Prosedur penelitian dimulai dengan persiapan alat, pengumpulan data dan analisa data. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode observasi. Pengamatan dan analisis data meliputi distribusi suhu, kadar air, kuat arus listrik, daya listrik dan kebutuhan energi listrik.Hasil penelitian menunjukan penyangraian dilakukan pada tingkat menengah (medium), nilai distribusi suhu yang dihasilkan berbeda, sesuai jumlah heater yang digunakan. Heater 7, suhu berkisar 70-85 °C dengan kadar air kopi sangrai 2.2 % sementara suhu sangrai 9 Heater, berada di 98.33-114 °C kadar air 1.37 % dengan tingkat kematangan yang relatif beragam. Daya listrik yang diperlukan untuk menjalankan semua elemen panas pada penyangraian dengan 7 heater yaitu 2160.56 watt dengan kuat arus yang diperlukan 9.95 ampere, daya listrik sangrai dengan 9 heater 2726.74 watt arus listrik yang dibutuhkan 12.71 ampere.Test the Performance of Coffee Roasters by Using a Heat Element as a Heat SourceAbstract. Coffee consumption in Indonesia has increased an average of around 3% every year. The increasing value of coffee consumption is driving the coffee processing industry to increase its production. Therefore it is important to have a roaster that can improve the quality and quantity of production. This research is carried out testing a cylindrical type roaster machine equipped with a heating element (heater) as a heater and is expected to accelerate the roasting process with a more uniform roasting water content.The purpose of this study was to determine the performance of a cylindrical type coffee roaster machine using a heat element (heater) for roasting robusta coffee of 2 kg / roasting. The research procedure begins with the preparation of tools, data collection and data analysis. Data collection is done by observation method. Data observations and analyzes include temperature distribution, water content, electric current strength, electric power and electrical energy requirements.The results showed that roasting was done at the medium level (medium), the resulting temperature distribution values were different, according to the number of heaters used. Heater 7, the temperature ranges from 70-85 ° C with 2.2% roasted coffee water content while the temperature of the roasted 9 Heater, is at 98.33-114 ° C the water content is 1.37% with a relatively diverse level of maturity. The electric power needed to run all the heat elements in roasting with 7 heaters is 2160.56 watts with the required strong current of 9.95 amperes, roasted electrical power with 9 heaters 2726.74 watts of electric current required 12.71 amperes.

scholarly journals PROSPEK PENGEMBANGAN ENERGI SURYA UNTUK KEBUTUHAN LISTRIK DI INDONESIA

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
Valdi Rizki Yandri
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Electrical Network ◽  
Tropical Area ◽  
Electrical Power Plant

Energy has important meaning in social and economics achievement to continously development and support to national economics activities. Energy consumption in Indonesia increases rapidly parallel with economics engagement and people growth. To supply energy requirement, renewable energy source should be developed. Renewable energy potency like solar energy hasn’t been used for big scale although Indonesia has big energy potency. Indonesia be included on tropical area which is exposed sun radiance almost year. It means solar energy has good prospects to be developed in Indonesia. Solar energy is one kind of energy which is gotten by converting sun calor energy to another type of energy. Solar energy can be used in form solar cell for electrical power plant. The utilization of solar cell can help people who lives on isolated area which is far from electrical network to use electrical energy.

A REVIEW OF THE POSSIBLE CONSEQUENCES OF AN ELECTRICAL SHOCK ON THE BODY AND ITS MEDICOLEGAL ASPECTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Indrajit Sanjiv Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Electric Current ◽  
Electric Shock ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Home Office ◽  
Electrical Shock ◽  
Medicolegal Aspects ◽  
Energy Flows ◽  
Shock Exposure

The electric current has always been a source of danger to man. The use of electricity in the home, office and factory has increased to such a tremendous extent that energized wires now form dangerous network at every turn.  An electric shock occurs when a person comes in to contact with an           electrical energy source. An electrical energy flows through a portion of the body causing a shock. Exposure to electrical energy may result in no injury at all or may result in devastating damage or death. In the present study compilation of electric current and its medicolegal aspects.

scholarly journals Heat Transfer Analysis in Heat Exchanger with Various Shifting Media

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Endri Rizki Anugrah ◽  
Remon Lapisa ◽  
Arwizet K ◽  
Ambiyar Ambiyar
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Heat Transfer Analysis ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Bottom Temperature ◽  
Excessive Heat ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
The Difference

Solar panels (photovoltaics) function to absorb sunlight exposure to be converted into electrical energy. But if the heat received over the sun, it will reduce the electrical power of the solar panels. Therefore, a heat transfer device is required to maintain the temperature of the solar panels always in the optimal condition to work. The measurement results show that the average temperature out of the panel (T1) is greater than in the panel (T2), the upper temperature of the tank (T5) is greater than the bottom temperature of the tank (T6), and the average temperature value in the tank (T4) is between the upper temperature of the tank (T5) and the bottom temperature of the tank (T6) of any variation of the sender's media. Meanwhile, the difference between the entry temperature (T2) and the exit temperature (T1) in the study indicates how well the medium of the conducter absorbs excessive heat. Then it can be concluded that the medium of coolant is the best conducter media to absorb and conduct heat because it has a difference out panel (T1) and in panel (T2 amounted to 6.522 °c from Air Aki soft-0.0375 ° C, and water ordinary 1.069 °c. Panel surya (Photovoltaic) berfungsi menyerap paparan cahaya matahari untuk diubah menjadi energi listrik. Namun jika panas matahari yang diterima berlebih, akan mengurangi daya listrik hasil panel surya tersebut. Maka dari itu diperlukan sebuah alat pemindah panas yang mampu menjaga suhu panel surya selalu didalam keadaan optimal untuk bekerja. Hasil pengukuran menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata suhu out panel (T1) lebih besar daripada in panel (T2), suhu atas tangki (T5) lebih besar daripada suhu bawah tangki (T6), dan nilai rata-rata suhu in tangki (T4) berada diantara suhu atas tangki (T5) dan suhu bawah tangki (T6) dari setiap variasi media penghantar. Sementara selisih dari suhu masuk (T2) dan suhu keluar (T1) pada penelitian mengindikasikan seberapa bagus media penghantar dalam menyerap panas yang berlebih. Maka dapat disimpulkan media penghantar coolant adalah media penghantar yang paling baik dalam menyerap dan menghantarkan panas karna memiliki selisih out panel (T1) dan in panel (T2 sebesar 6,522 °C daripada Air Aki Lunak sebesar –0,0375 °C, dan Air biasa 1,069 °C.  

Electrical Power Generation: Renewables—Solar and Wind

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Rez
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Power Generation ◽  
Renewable Energy Source ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Simple Test ◽  
Electrical Demand ◽  
Power Densities

Solar and wind power have low power densities. Large areas will be required to generate the electrical energy that we are using right now. These energy sources are intermittent, although sunshine is reasonably predictable in desert climates. Even in these ideal locations, fixed rooftop PV can only be used to meet a relatively small proportion of total electrical demand. Solar thermal with molten salt storage has a higher efficiency, and can better match electrical demands in these places. For wind turbines to generate their advertised or rated power, winds have to be blowing at about 12 m/sec (20 kt or 24 mph). In the United States, except in mountain passes and the Texas panhandle, this does not appear to happen very often. A simple test of whether a given renewable energy source is practical is to check whether it can meet the electrical demands of a single house.

scholarly journals Expert Control Systems for Maximum Power Point Tracking in a Wind Turbine with PMSG: State of the Art

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernesto Chavero-Navarrete ◽  
Mario Trejo-Perea ◽  
Juan Carlos Jáuregui-Correa ◽  
Roberto Valentín Carrillo-Serrano ◽  
José Gabriel Ríos-Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Fundamental Problem ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Synchronous Generator ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Expert Control ◽  
Point Tracking ◽  
Wide Range

Wind power is a renewable energy source that has been developed in recent years. Large turbines are increasingly seen. The advantage of generating electrical power in this way is that it can be connected to the grid, making it an economical and easily available source of energy. The fundamental problem of a wind turbine is the randomness in a wide range of wind speeds that determine the electrical energy generated, as well as abrupt changes in wind speed that make the system unstable and unsafe. A conventional control system based on a mathematical model is effective with moderate disturbances, but slow with very large oscillations such as those produced by turbulence. To solve this problem, expert control systems (ECS) are proposed, which are based on human experience and an adequate management of stored information of each of its variables, providing a way to determine solutions. This revision of recent years, mentions the expert systems developed to obtain the point of maximum power generation in a wind turbine with permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) and, therefore, offers a control solution that adapts to the specifications of any wind turbine.

scholarly journals Электрические характеристики термовольтаического элемента на основе сульфида самария

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (10) ◽  
pp. 1739
Author(s):  
М.А. Гревцев ◽  
С.А. Казаков ◽  
М.М. Казанин ◽  
В.В. Каминский
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Internal Resistance ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Electrical Characteristics ◽  
Optimal Load ◽  
Thermovoltaic Effect ◽  
Characteristic Maximum

The converter of thermal energy into electrical energy based on the thermovoltaic effect is considered. Samarium sulfide (SmS) samples obtained by high-temperature sintering were used as working material. The main electrical characteristics of the thermovoltaic element based on the thermovoltaic effect are determined: volt-ampere characteristic, maximum power, internal resistance. It is shown that the optimal load to obtain maximum power is equal to the internal resistance of the element.

scholarly journals Penerapan Automatic Transfer Switch Pada Sistem Irigasi Di Desa Rejosari Kabupaten Madiun

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Yuli Prasetyo ◽  
Budi Triyono ◽  
Hanifah Nur Kumala Ningrum ◽  
Raden Jasa Kusumo Haryo ◽  
Nur Asyik H. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Community Service ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Electricity Rates ◽  
Farmer Groups ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Partnership Program

Rejosari Village has enormous potential, namely there are many abundant rice fields around the settlement. Rejosari Village is located in Kebonsari District, Madiun Regency. Farmers in Kebonsari village have used a water pump that is used in the rice field irrigation system. However, until now many farmers still use PLN as the main source in running electric motors for irrigation systems. So that farmers often experience power outages due to lack of electrical power. Community service activities through a partnership program for farmer groups in Rejosari Village, Kebonsari District, Madiun Regency are focused on making Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) panels to convert electrical energy source switches from PLN to sources of solar energy from solar panels. This ATS panel contains a switch that can replace the source of electrical energy in an electric motor that was originally from PLN into an energy source from the Solar Panel. The hope is that with this community service program, farmer groups can obtain electrical energy to power the irrigation system and not depend on PLN. This PKM can also reduce the cost of electricity rates incurred by farmers.

scholarly journals Research of the Photo-Optical Method Application for Measuring Selected Data on the Movement of a Parachute for Type M-282

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5637
Author(s):  
Peter Kaľavský ◽  
Róbert Rozenberg ◽  
Peter Korba ◽  
Martin Kelemen ◽  
Matej Antoško ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Method ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Performance Standard ◽  
Motion Data ◽  
Innovative Methods ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Vertical Speed ◽  
Individualized Training ◽  
Minimum Performance

Testing in the field of parachute technology provides space for the application of new and innovative methods of measuring operating and functional parameters. The main aim of the paper is to present the results of research for the verification of the photo-optical method of measuring the vertical speed of the M-282 parachutes, and for its use in testing, collecting, and investigating motion data in parachuting. As part of this measuring technology, twelve jumps were performed. It was verified that the experiment was completed for the M-282 parachute according to the regulation of SAE AS 8015B “Minimum Performance Standard Parachute Assemblies and Components”. An analysis of the influencing factors and quantification of their influence on the uncertainty of the measurement results was also performed. The results of the measurement achieved by using the photo-optical method were compared with the measurement with the electronic variometer FLYTEC 4030. The vertical speed of the M-282 parachute (4.655 m·s−1) defined by the photo-optical method is significantly similar to the vertical speed of the M-282 parachute (4.662 m·s−1) defined by FLYTEC 4030. We can state that the process of identifying the vertical speed of the parachute by the photo-optical method was correct. This is a suitable method of evaluating motion data in the operation of M-282 type parachutes. In the following research for generalization of the methodology, we assume the performance of more than 60 experimental jumps using different types of parachutes, digital sensors (cameras), and a photo-optical method to examine motion data and formulate recommendations for testing, investigative applications, individualized training programs, and aspects of parachuting injury prevention.

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