scholarly journals DAYA SERAP AIR DAN KANDUNGAN SERAT (FIBER CONTENT) KOMPOSIT POLIESTER TIDAK JENUH (UNSATURATED POLYESTER) BERPENGISI SERAT TANDAN KOSONG SAWIT DAN SELULOSA

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael ◽  
Elmer Surya ◽  
Halimatuddahliana
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Fibre Volume Fraction ◽  
Fibre Volume ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Content Increase ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
The Matrix

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of empty fruit bunch palm oil and cellulose content as filler in water absorption and fibre volume fraction of the unsaturated polyester composites. The composites were made by hand-lay up method by mixing unsaturated polyester with the composition of each fillers (empty fruit bunch palm oil and cellulose) of 5,10,15,20 wt%. The parameter which was carried on the prepared samples was water absorption for each sample every 24 hours until the composites have constant absorption. It was found that the addition of fillers to the matrix caused the water absorption of composites increased at each of composition of fillers (empty fruit bunch palm oil and cellulose) and the fibre volume fraction increased as the filler content increase.

scholarly journals Fabrication and Characterization of Unidirectional Silk Fibre Composites

2011 ◽  
Vol 471-472 ◽  
pp. 20-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mansur Ahmed ◽  
Md. Saiful Islam ◽  
Qumrul Ahsan ◽  
Md Mainul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Fibre Volume Fraction ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Fibre Volume ◽  
Silk Fibre ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Strength And Stiffness

Natural fibres offer a number of benefits as reinforcement for synthetic polymers since they have high specific strength and stiffness, high impact strength, biodegradability etc. The aim of this study is to fabricate and determine the performance of unidirectional silk fibre reinforced polymer composites. In the present initial study, alkali treated silk fibres were incorporated as reinforcing agent, while a mixture of 20% maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) and commercial grade polypropylene (PP) was used as matrix element. The unidirectional composites were fabricated by using hot compression machine under specific pressure, temperature and varying fibre loading. Tensile, flexural, impact and hardness tests were carried out by varying silk fibre volume fraction. Composites containing 45% fibre volume fraction had higher tensile and flexural strength, Young’s modulus and flexural modulus compared to other fabricated composites including those with untreated silk fibres. SEM micrographs were taken to examine composite fracture surface and interfacial adhesion between silk fibre and the matrix. These micrographs suggested less fibre pull out and better interfacial bonding for 40% fibre reinforced composites.

scholarly journals Investigation of Thermal, Mechanical and Transport Properties of Ultra-Lightweight Foamed Concrete (ULFC) Strengthened with Alkali Treated Banana Fibre

2021 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-139
Author(s):  
Mohammed Hassan Nensok ◽  
Md Azree Othuman Mydin ◽  
Hanizam Awang
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Fibre Volume Fraction ◽  
Fibre Volume ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Control Specimen ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Banana Fibre

Traditionally, Ultralightweight Foam Concrete (ULFC) is primarily used to replace filling excavations, ditch restoration and underground channels, because of their high porosity, water absorption and low strength. Yet, ULFC is characterized by excellent thermal properties and could be an alternative for sustainable energy-efficient building material. This study investigates the properties of an ULFC strengthened with alkali-treated banana fibre. The low density ULFC of 600kg/m3 was fabricated and strengthened with alkali-treated banana fibre. Fibre volume fraction of 0.25%, 0.35%, 0.45% and 0.55% were compared to the unreinforced specimens, serving as the control specimen (no fibre addition). Mix proportioning of 1:1.5:0.45 of cement, sand, and water was respectively adopted throughout the mix. The alkali treated banana fibre strengthened ULFC was tested for compressive strength, sorptivity and thermal properties. Morphology of the treated fibre and ULFC composites was studied using SEM micrograph. The result depicts that ULFC exhibited the optimum compressive strength of 1.1604N/mm2 with the fibre volume fraction of 0.35%. Sorptivity or rate of water absorption was testified to upsurge, after 24 hours duration at fibre volume fraction of 0.55%, recording a 56.12% increment compared to the control specimen. The finding displays that at the highest-fibre volume fraction of 0.55%, thermal conductivity and diffusivity decrease by 13.17% and 28.16%, correspondingly, whiles the specific heat capacity increases to 37.17% all compared with unreinforced specimens. SEM images reveal that the presence of lumen and the nature of porous and fibrous alkali-treated banana fibre. Hence, it is endorsed that ULFC produced with alkali-treated banana fibre should be utilized as an infill material for composite system.

The effects of interfacial debonding on the elastoplastic response of unidirectional silicon carbide—titanium composites

2010 ◽  
Vol 224 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
M J Mahmoodi ◽  
M M Aghdam ◽  
M Shakeri
Keyword(s):  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Yield Criterion ◽  
Fibre Volume Fraction ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fibre Volume ◽  
Interfacial Debonding ◽  
Successive Approximation Method ◽  
Interface Damage ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Von Mises

A three-dimensional micromechanics-based analytical model is presented to investigate the effects of initiation and propagation of interface damage on the elastoplastic behaviour of unidirectional SiC—Ti metal matrix composites (MMCs) subjected to off-axis loading. Temperature-dependent properties are considered for the matrix. Manufacturing process thermal residual stress (RS) is also included in the model. The selected representative volume element consists of r× c unit cells in which a quarter of the fibre is surrounded by matrix sub-cells. The constant compliance interface model is used to model interfacial debonding and the successive approximation method together with von Mises yield criterion is used to obtain elastoplastic behaviour. Dominance mode of damage including fibre fracture, interfacial debonding, and matrix yielding and ultimate tensile strength of the SiC—Ti MMC are predicted for various loading directions. The effects of thermal RS and fibre volume fraction on the stress—strain response of the SiC—Ti MMC are studied. Results revealed that for more realistic predictions, both interface damage and thermal RS effects should be considered in the analysis. The contribution of interfacial debonding and thermal RS in the overall behaviour of the material is also investigated. Comparison between results of the presented model shows very good agreement with the finite-element micromechanical analysis and experiment for various off-axis angles.

Effect of Different Vacuum Pressure on the Tensile Properties of Sugar Palm Frond Fibre Reinforced Polyester Composites

2013 ◽  
Vol 701 ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
S.A. Syed Azuan ◽  
M.M. Saufi ◽  
M.G. Azniah ◽  
J.M. Juraidi
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Fibre Volume Fraction ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Fibre Volume ◽  
Vacuum Pressure ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Polyester Composites ◽  
The One ◽  
Palm Frond

Sugar palm frond fibre has a potential to be as reinforcement in natural fibres reinforced polyester composites. This paper investigates the tensile properties of sugar palm frond fibre reinforced polyester composites. The sugar palm frond fibres were mixed with polyester composites at the 5 % fibre volume fraction with three different vacuum pressure of 5, 10 and 15 psi. The composites panels were fabricated using a vacuum bagging techniques. The tensile test was carried out in accordance to ASTM D638 respectively. The results showed that the vacuum pressure at 15 psi gave maximum value for tensile strength and tensile modulus. The results indicate that by increasing the vacuum pressure, it created a better bonding between fibre and the matrix. Minitab software was used to perform the one-way ANOVA analysis to measure the significant. From the analysis, there is a significant effect of vacuum pressure on the tensile properties.

Impact and Thermal Properties of Unsaturated Polyester (UPR) Composites Filled with Empty Fruit Bunch Palm Oil (EFBPO) and Cellulose

2014 ◽  
Vol 896 ◽  
pp. 310-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elmer Surya ◽  
Michael ◽  
Halimatuddahliana ◽  
Maulida
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Impact Test ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this research, the impact properties of unsaturated polyester (UPR) composites filled with empty fruit bunch palm oil (EFBPO) and cellulose were investigated. The composites were made by hand-lay up method by mixing UPR with the content of each fillers (EFBPO and cellulose) of 5,10,15,20 wt.%. The parameter which was carried out on the prepared samples was impact test. It was found that the addition of fillers to the matrix caused the impact strength of composites increased at 10% addition of EFBPO and 5% addition of cellulose. The results were confirmed by fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) and supported by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

scholarly journals Mechanical properties and water absorption characteristics of composites reinforced with cotton fibres recovered from textile waste

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 155892502090153
Author(s):  
Zunjarrao Kamble ◽  
Bijoya Kumar Behera
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Fibre Volume Fraction ◽  
Fibre Volume ◽  
Compression Moulding ◽  
Degradation Behaviour ◽  
Textile Waste ◽  
Thermoset Composites ◽  
Cotton Fibres

The primary aim of this research is to develop thermoset composites reinforced with cotton fibres extracted from textile waste. These composites are mainly targeted to replace timber in its application for furniture items and in some visible and non-visible automotive components. The pre-consumer cotton textile wastes such as cutting waste, in garment manufacturing, and defective fabrics were converted into the fibrous form called ‘shoddy’, using rag-tearing technique. The fibrous web of shoddy was produced using the carding machine. This web was used for developing thermoset composites as a reinforcement material. The thermoset composites with four different fibre volume fraction values, namely 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 were developed using compression moulding technique. The developed composites were characterised by mechanical properties, dynamic mechanical properties, thermal degradation behaviour and water absorption behaviour. The mechanical properties of the composites were found comparable with that of commercial wood. These composites can be used to develop a dashboard panel. The composites developed in this research have shown low water diffusion coefficient values as compared with pine, oak and linden wood.

scholarly journals Influence of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) Fibre on Drying Shrinkage in Restrained Lightweight Foamed Mortar

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 4533-4538
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Fibre Volume Fraction ◽  
Drying Shrinkage ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Fibre Volume ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Construction Sector ◽  
American Standard ◽  
Environmental Importance

Currently, the attention on natural fibre reinforced concrete based materials could be seen increasingly rising around the world in the quest for economic and environmental importance in the construction sector and built environment. Hence this research will focus on inclusion of oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) fibre on drying shrinkage of lightweight foamed mortar (LFM). There were three densities of LFM was considered which were 800kg/m³, 1100kg/m³ and 1400kg/m³.The size for the empty fruit bunch (EFB) fibre was between 15-19mm with diverse volume fractions of 0.15%, 0.30%, 0.45% and 0.60% by LFM mix volume. The drying shrinkage test was performed according to American Standard ASTM C157. The test specimen dimension is a 75mm x 75mm x 275 mm prism shaped utilising a standard stainless mould which conforms to ASTM C490. The experimental results revealed that the inclusion of 0.3% EFB fibre in 800 kg/m3 density, 0.45% EFB fibre in 800 kg/m3 and 1400 kg/m3 densities possess the lowest percentage value of drying shrinkage at the final age of testing compared to control specimen and other EFB fibre volume fraction. In addition, EFB fibre exhibits a micrometer level diameter and hydrophilicity attributes which make it highly dispersible. It also has a capability to be distributed homogeneously along with the synchronicity of a great fibres quantity in unit volume of LFM.

The Strength of Fibres in All-Ceramic Composites

1986 ◽  
Vol 78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Kendall ◽  
N. Mcn. Alford ◽  
J. D. Birchall
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Fibre Volume Fraction ◽  
Ceramic Composites ◽  
Fibre Volume ◽  
Matrix Cracking ◽  
Fibre Strength ◽  
All Ceramic ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Fibre Matrix

ABSTRACTWhen considering the strength of a fibre reinforced ceramic composite, it is often assumed that the fibres retain their full strength of several GPa after cracking of the weaker matrix. The strength of the composite after matrix cracking is then calculated by the rule of mixtures as the product of fibre volume fraction and fibre strength. This paper demonstrates that such a calculation is not consistent with the principles of fracture mechanics for an isolated fibre embedded in an elastic matrix of the same elastic modulus, because the strength of the fibre is much reduced by the stress concentration arising from the matrix crack. Experimental measurements of the strength of a glass fibre embedded in a brittle matrix support the theory. The case of a fibre in a matrix of different elastic modulus is also considered, together with the proDlem of cracking along the fibre-matrix interface.

scholarly journals Review on Manufacture of Military Composite Helmet

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yazhen Liang ◽  
Xiaogang Chen ◽  
Constantinos Soutis
Keyword(s):  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Fibre Volume Fraction ◽  
Structural Heterogeneity ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Fibre Volume ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Protective Function ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies

AbstractDespite of the fact that more and more accessory devices are integrated to functionalize a ballistic helmet system, its core ballistic protective function needs to be improved with weight reduction was and still is the main course in engineering design. The two major generic classes of synthetic fibres for ballistic composites are Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibre (0.97 g/cm3) and aramid fibre (1.44 g/cm3). In the area of military helmets, these fibres are constructed into different topologies, draping/forming into double-curvature geometric shape in multiple plies, serving as reinforcement for composite shell. The preforming ways influence the subsequent impregnation / solidification and curing step in manufacture, in terms of the fibre orientation and fibre volume fraction. The inherent structural heterogeneity thus leads to scatter in permeability and composite thickness, and have further impact in generating process-induced defects. During the processing, the fibre continuity without wrinkles, together with voids-free are determinative factors to a quality final part. The aim of this paper is to review the manufacturing technologies characterised by thermo-mechanical forming and Liquid Composite Moulding (LCM), relating their processing parameters respectively to the properties of reinforcements in one dimension (1D), two dimensions (2D) and three dimensions (3D), along with that of the matrix in dry or wet phase, interdependency of them are sought.

Computational micromechanical modelling of the material removal process in a carbon fibre composite under single-erodent particle impact

2020 ◽  
Vol 234 (10) ◽  
pp. 1605-1617
Author(s):  
Ajaz A Deliwala ◽  
Chandra S Yerramalli
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fibre ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Fibre Volume Fraction ◽  
Fibre Volume ◽  
Erosion Behaviour ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Material Erosion ◽  
Erodent Particle

A multiscale model is developed to understand the material removal process in a unidirectional carbon fibre epoxy composite impacted by a single-erodent particle. The embedded cell approach is used to model the carbon fibre and epoxy at a microscale. The micromodel is embedded centrally in the macroscale lamina of the composite plate. The carbon fibre is considered to be elastic with orthotropic strain limits as the failure criteria. The epoxy matrix is modelled as an elastic--plastic material with multilinear isotropic hardening. The maximum equivalent plastic strain limit is used as the matrix material failure limit. Using this embedded micromechanics model, the role of matrix and the fibre in developing the composite material erosion behaviour has been clearly elucidated. The results from the simulation indicate the change in the matrix erosion behaviour as a function of the fibre volume fraction. For the current thermoset matrix, material erosion response changes from brittle behaviour to ductile behaviour with an increase in fibre volume fraction. The current study has been able to highlight the individual role of matrix and the fibre in developing the semi-ductile erosion response peculiar to a fibre-reinforced composite material.

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