scholarly journals Methodology of applying structural and logical schemes in the study of general physics in a technical university

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 211-225
Author(s):  
Nina V. Kochergina ◽  
◽  
Alexander A. Mashinyan ◽  
Elena V. Lomakina ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Theory ◽  
Visual Image ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Logical Scheme ◽  
General Physics ◽  
Physical Knowledge ◽  
Logical Connection ◽  
Technical University ◽  
Applied Knowledge ◽  
The Universe

A structural and logical scheme is a visual image of the logical connection of the main elements of knowledge within the framework of a training course, section or topic. When studying physics as an applied discipline in a technical university, its professional orientation and applied knowledge corresponding to this function come out in the first place. But applied knowledge as a consequence of physical theories is not enough for the development of a modern quantum-relativistic worldview. The idea of our research is to precede the systematic study of general physics with systematic ideas about the place and meaning of each physical theory, namely: before studying classical physics, to show its connection with quantum and relativistic physics. To do this, it is necessary to apply a preliminary and final generalization at different stages of the study of physics with the help of appropriate structural and logical schemes. When implementing this idea, the following methods were used: the method of structural and logical analysis of the course of general physics with the allocation of knowledge elements, the method of systematization based on clarifying the connection between physical theories and the method of generalization, leading to the construction of new generalized schemes of this course. In the proposed schemes "Connection of mechanical theories" and "Scales of the Universe-Velocities", we identify structural elements that reveal the specifics of the methodological representations of the theory in accordance with its place in the Universe and the velocities of its objects. The proposed methodology is based on two types of generalization: preliminary and final. The preliminary generalization shows the place of physical theory in the system of physical knowledge in the course of general physics, the final generalization is used to make students aware of the specifics of the entire range of methodological concepts used in this physical theory. The methodology is aimed at forming students ' systematic knowledge of general physics and at developing their modern quantum-relativistic worldview.

scholarly journals Relations Between the Optical and Radio Properties of Extragalactic Radio Sources

1977 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 223-235
Author(s):  
E. M. Burbidge
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Physical Theory ◽  
Radio Sources ◽  
Intrinsic Properties ◽  
Extragalactic Radio Sources ◽  
Nonthermal Radiation ◽  
The Universe

Correlations between the radio and optical properties of radio sources have proved elusive and the main conclusion to be drawn from this is that there is a great variety of objects in the universe that emit nonthermal radiation, so that attempts to use these objects for cosmological purposes can be frustrated unless one can find some way of selecting objects that do have common intrinsic properties. Despite this, the search for relations and correlations is interesting quite apart from cosmology, because such correlations should provide a groundwork for a physical theory or theories of what is really happening in sources of nonthermal radiation.

scholarly journals Quasi-Steady State Cosmology

1994 ◽  
Vol 159 ◽  
pp. 293-299
Author(s):  
G. Burbidge ◽  
F. Hoyle ◽  
J.V. Narlikar
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Early Universe ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Physical Theory ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Quasi Steady State ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Big Bang ◽  
The Universe

The standard big bang cosmology has the universe created out of a primeval explosion that not only created matter and radiation but also spacetime itself. The big bang event itself cannot be discussed within the framework of a physical theory but the events following it are in principle considered within the scope of science. The recent developments on the frontier between particle physics and cosmology highlight the attempts to chart the history of the very early universe.

Are Galaxies and Elementary Particles Real? Objects, Reality, Space and Time. An ISST Forum

KronoScope ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 91-107
Author(s):  
Rémy Lestienne
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Present Article ◽  
International Society ◽  
Physical Theory ◽  
Niels Bohr ◽  
Large Structures ◽  
Real Objects ◽  
Microscopic World ◽  
The Universe ◽  
The Web

AbstractWhat is an object? What conditions declare it to be “real”? When can a concept, that has been proposed in a physical theory to describe our observations, be declared “physical” or, in other words, to be an element of reality? These questions pertain to the old debate between idealism and realism. In the last decades, the discussion was principally fuelled by the development of Quantum Mechanics, and particularly by the study of the process of measurement and the development of the concept of complementarity by Niels Bohr and the School of Copenhagen. In a few pages taken from The View from the Center of the Universe, Joel Primack and Nancy Abrams propose to limit the use of the concept of existence not only toward the microscopic world but also toward the very large structures of the Universe. This moves us to reopen the Pandora's Box, in a way in which the consideration of Time may play a fundamental role, as Whitehead, for example, insisted on. However, the interrogation seems to drift necessarily towards a reflection onto the concept of emergence and its relation with time. The present article is the end product of a three month's long Forum opened in February 2008 by the initiator among members of the International Society for the Study of Time, onto the “Gnomon” zone of the web site of the Association. Contributions from Nancy Abrams, Mark Aultman, Troy Camplin, Julius T. Fraser, Paul Harris, Marcel Le Bel, Jean Lette, Carlos Montemayor, Giovanni Vicario and Amrit Srecko Sorli were particularly beneficial to the discussion.

Physics and Politics—an Old Analogy Revised

1928 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Bennett Munro
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Natural Science ◽  
New Physics ◽  
The Political ◽  
Conservation Of Energy ◽  
Half Century ◽  
Physical Knowledge ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Inside Out ◽  
The Universe

It is just fifty-five years since Walter Bagehot wrote his Physics and Politics, a very suggestive book in its day. He began the first chapter of this book with a reference to “the sudden acquisition of much physical knowledge” which had marked the second half of the nineteenth century, and declared it his purpose to show the bearing of these new ideks upon the political conceptions of mankind. That purpose he, fulfilled with much ingenuity, pointing out the various lines along which the advance in natural science seemed to suggest modifications in the old theories of the state and of government.This was only a half-century ago; yet the new physics of Bagehot's day has already growh old. Its basic concepts have been turned inside out and upside down. Its laws relating to the indestructibility of mass and the conservation of energy have been radically amended. Even a generation ago the atom was held to be the ultimate and indivisible unit in the composition of the universe. It was the basis upon which the scientists of the nineteenth century built up an inclusive set of laws and principles relating to the structure of all creation. No one had ever seen an atom, but its existence could be postulated and its properties were held to be knowable.

The calculus of individuals and its uses

1940 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry S. Leonard ◽  
Nelson Goodman
Keyword(s):  
Physical Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Applied Logic ◽  
Class Inclusion ◽  
Definite Relation ◽  
Logical Type ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
The Universe

An individual or whole we understand to be whatever is represented in any given discourse by signs belonging to the lowest logical type of which that discourse makes use. What is conceived as an individual and what as a class is thus relative to the discourse within which the conception occurs. One task of applied logic is to determine which entities are to be construed as individuals and which as classes when the purpose is the development of a comprehensive systematic discourse.The concept of an individual and that of a class may be regarded as different devices for distinguishing one segment of the total universe from all that remains. In both cases, the differentiated segment is potentially divisible, and may even be physically discontinuous. The difference in the concepts lies in this: that to conceive a segment as a whole or individual offers no suggestion as to what these subdivisions, if any, must be, whereas to conceive a segment as a class imposes a definite scheme of subdivision—into subclasses and members.The relations of segments of the universe are treated in traditional logistic at two places, first in its theorems concerning the identity and diversity of individuals, and second in its calculus of membership and class-inclusion. But further relations of segments and of classes frequently demand consideration. For example, what is the relation of the class of windows to the class of buildings? No member of either class is a member of the other, nor are any of the segments isolated by the one concept identical with segments isolated by the other. Yet the classes themselves have a very definite relation in that each window is a part of some building. We cannot express this fact in the language of a logistic which lacks a part-whole relation between individuals unless, by making use of some special physical theory, we raise the logical type of each window and each building to the level of a class—say a class of atoms—such that any class of atoms that is a window will be included (class-inclusion) in some class that is a building. Such an unfortunate dependence of logical formulation upon the discovery and adoption of a special physical theory, or even upon the presumption that such a suitable theory could in every case be discovered in the course of time, indicates serious deficiencies in the ordinary logistic. Furthermore, a raising of type like that illustrated above is often precluded in a constructional system by other considerations governing the choice of primitive ideas.

scholarly journals The Meta-Dynamic Nature of Consciousness

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Barnden
Keyword(s):  
Physical Theory ◽  
Mathematical Formulation ◽  
Specific Form ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
Physical Universe ◽  
Physical Interactions ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Physical Laws ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Do So

How, if at all, consciousness can be part of the physical universe remains a baffling problem. This article outlines a new, developing philosophical theory of how it could do so, and offers a preliminary mathematical formulation of a physical grounding for key aspects of the theory. Because the philosophical side has radical elements, so does the physical-theory side. The philosophical side is radical, first, in proposing that the productivity or dynamism in the universe that many believe to be responsible for its systematic regularities is actually itself a physical constituent of the universe, along with more familiar entities. It also proposes that instances of dynamism can themselves take part in physical interactions with other entities, this interaction then being “meta-dynamism” (a type of metacausation). Secondly, the theory is radical, and unique, in arguing that consciousness is necessarily partly constituted of meta-dynamic auto-sensitivity, in other words it must react via meta-dynamism to its own dynamism, and also in conjecturing that some specific form of this sensitivity is sufficient for and indeed constitutive of consciousness. This leads to a proposal for how physical laws could be modified to accommodate meta-dynamism, via the radical step of including elements that explicitly refer to dynamism itself.

scholarly journals Historical stages of development of ideas about the picture of the World

2021 ◽  
pp. 97-107
Author(s):  
V.A. Meider ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Science ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Universe

Presented is an attempt to give a historical overview of development of human ideas about the picture of the world. The basic astronomical, mathematical, natural science and philosophical knowledge that forms the foundation of the modem science of the universe, its evolution and structural elements are presented. This allows to create a specific image of the surrounding reality, and look into the future of the Universe and Person.

A Substrate Approach in the Study of Digital Culture

2021 ◽  
pp. 68-75
Author(s):  
Elena V. Gryaznova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Digital Culture ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Social ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Analytical Review ◽  
The Universe

The aim of the article is to substantiate the need for a substrate approach in the study of the nature and essence of digital culture. The main research methods were those of analysis, comparison, communication, dialectics, and the substrate approach. The study was conducted in several stages. At the first stage, the author made an analytical review of domestic and foreign publications on the use of the substrate approach in the study of the nature and essence of digital culture. At the second stage, the author compared and generalized the results. At the third stage, the author substantiated the need to build a model of digital culture based on the substrate approach. In the course of the study, the author came to the conclusion that for a holistic analysis of the new cultural phenomenon of digital culture, along with the structural and functional approach, it is necessary to apply the substrate approach. It will allow identifying three main substrates of digital culture: civilizational, social and anthropological. Each substrate gives digital culture appropriate attributes and modes. The civilizational substrate defines such attributes of digital culture as digital technologies, digital social relations and institutions, digital potential (needs and abilities). The social substrate makes all types of digital activities, including its structural elements (pedagogical, managerial, economic, environmental, scientific, medical, physical and artistic), attributes of digital culture. The anthropological substrate generates new digital forms of generic human qualities – language, activity, communication and consciousness. Knowledge of the generic and acquired qualities of digital culture will reveal patterns of its development, and, consequently, possible consequences for the development of civilization, society and people. The substrate model of digital culture will allow systematizing the formulation of problems that require understanding and solution at different levels of the universe. At the level of civilization, it is the formation of new forms of social relations and institutions, the development and implementation of the digital potential of humanity, the laws of transition to a new high-quality civilizational development. At the level of society, it is the laws of interaction and integration of digital forms of activity, the laws of the birth and existence of new forms of subjectivity, the laws and principles of the existence of digital reality and digital social space. The anthropological level reveals the regularities of development and qualitative changes in the system of generic qualities of people, and therefore of people themselves.

scholarly journals UOSTAMIESČIO VIZUALINIO ĮVAIZDŽIO PLĖTROS GALIMYBĖS IR PROBLEMOS: AUKŠTYBINIŲ PASTATŲ IŠDĖSTYMO SPECIALIOJO PLANO RENGIMAS – SPRENDINIŲ KONKRETIZAVIMAS IR PASEKMIŲ VERTINIMAS

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inesa Alistratovaitė
Keyword(s):  
Visual Image ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
City Development ◽  
General Development ◽  
High Rise ◽  
High Rise Building ◽  
The Impact

This paper deals with the issue of high-rise building development and problems related to the formation of city development vision in today’s Lithuania. The analysis focuses on the possibilities and problems arising in the process of developing the Special Plan of high-rise building arrangement in Klaipėda and in the formation of the visual image of Klaipėda city. The methodology of this Plan is discussed in two papers by the author. The first paper discussed two initial phases of the Plan preparation: the existing status of Klaipėda city and search for a conception of high-rise building arrangement. The present paper touches upon two further preparation phases: specification of solutions and assessment of their impact from various perspectives. City territories are assessed by the following aspects: forecasted development of the morpho- structure buildup in the city’s structural elements, forecasted development of the perspective background high-rise of the city’s structural elements and specification of development of high-rise construction in the urban structure. This paper presents the results of the Special Plan of high-rise building arrangement. It also provides assessment of the impact of the solutions of high-rise building arrangement on the city’s visual image as viewed from specified public viewing points as well as the impact on the general development of the city’s silhouette and panoramas. Santrauka Straipsnis skirtas aukštybinės statybos plėtros klausimui ir su tuo susijusioms šiandieninėms miesto plėtros vizijos formavimo problemoms Lietuvoje. Nagrinėjamos Klaipėdos miesto vizualinio įvaizdžio plėtros galimybės ir problemos rengiant Klaipėdos miesto aukštybinių pastatų išdėstymo specialųjį planą (SP). Šio plano metodikai aptarti yra skirti du autorės straipsniai. Pirmajame jau aptarti du plano rengimo etapai – esama Klaipėdos miesto būklė ir aukštybinių pastatų išdėstymo koncepcijos paieška. Šiame antrajame aptariami kiti du plano rengimo etapai – tai sprendinių konkretizavimas ir jų pasekmių įvairiais aspektais įvertinimas. Pateiktas miesto teritorijų, atitinkančių kompozicinės plėtros idėją, įvertinimas šiais aspektais: miesto struktūrinių elementų užstatymo morfostruktūros kitimo prognozė, miesto struktūrinių elementų užstatymo perspektyvinio foninio aukštingumo kitimo prognozė ir aukštybinės statybos plėtojimo miesto urbanistinėje struktūroje konkretizavimas. Pateikti aukštybinių pastatų išdėstymo specialiojo plano rezultatai. Aptartas aukštybinių pastatų išdėstymo sprendinių pasekmių vertinimas miesto vizualiniam įvaizdžiui, stebint iš nustatytų masinės apžvalgos taškų, bei poveikis bendram miesto silueto ir panoramų pokyčiui.

scholarly journals A glance beyond the quantum model

2009 ◽  
Vol 466 (2115) ◽  
pp. 881-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Navascués ◽  
Harald Wunderlich
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Physical Theory ◽  
Quantum Mechanical ◽  
Quantum Model ◽  
Microscopic Structure ◽  
Quantum Mechanical System ◽  
Classical Physics ◽  
Quantum Limits ◽  
The Universe

One of the most important problems in physics is to reconcile quantum mechanics with general relativity, and some authors have suggested that this may be realized at the expense of having to drop the quantum formalism in favour of a more general theory. Here, we propose a mechanism to make general claims on the microscopic structure of the Universe by postulating that any post-quantum theory should recover classical physics in the macroscopic limit. We use this mechanism to bound the strength of correlations between distant observers in any physical theory. Although several quantum limits are recovered, such as the set of two-point quantum correlators, our results suggest that there exist plausible microscopic theories of Nature that predict correlations impossible to reproduce in any quantum mechanical system.

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