scholarly journals PECULIARITIES OF THE ORGANIZATION OF ACCOUNTING IN SMALL ENTERP RISES

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (86) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Marcus ◽  
◽  
Maryana Sakharuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Single Tax ◽  
Annual Reporting ◽  
Working Plan ◽  
Taxation System ◽  
Tax Payers

The article is devoted to the study of the organization of accounting in small businesses. In the course of the research the requirements for the organization and accounting of small businesses were systematized. It is concluded that the peculiarities of the organization of accounting for small businesses include the following: the choice of one of two taxation systems (general or simplified); approval of the chosen form of accounting (journal, simple or simplified) in the Order on accounting policy; use of primary documents to confirm business transactions; display of information in the relevant accounting registers; choice of chart of accounts for accounting (full or abbreviated); generalization of information in financial (annual) reporting. The main factors influencing the organization of small business accounting are substantiated and disclosed (availability of employees, number of employees, selected taxation system, registration of a small business entity as a value added tax payer). The opinion is expressed that the chosen system of taxation is an important factor influencing the construction of accounting for small businesses. It is shown that small entrepreneurs, choosing a simplified system, register as single tax payers and choose which of the four groups to be. The advantages and disadvantages of general and simplified systems of taxation of small enterprises are presented. Forms of accounting by small businesses are described. Also, the article mentions the financial statements kept by small businesses, depending on the chosen system of taxation. Also the basic directions of the organization of accounting of subjects of small business are formed. The directions of improvement of the organization of accounting of subjects of small business are allocated. The directions of improvement of the organization of accounting of subjects of small business are allocated, on an example of PE "Kurtushka", namely: development of the working plan of accounts, considering a kind of activity of the enterprise; selected accounting registers that are necessary in accordance with the accounting of assets and liabilities of the entity.

scholarly journals Simplified Taxation System: To Save the Small Business in Lockdown Conditions in Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (514) ◽  
pp. 361-370
Author(s):  
N. V. Rudyk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
Alternative Measure ◽  
Tax Revenues ◽  
Single Tax ◽  
The Status ◽  
Local Budget ◽  
Taxation System

The value of small business for the economy and the need to stimulate it in lockdown conditions remains an unchanged position both at the level of the scientific community and at the level of public administration. The situation with the pandemic not only complicated the conditions of functioning of small and medium-sized businesses (hereinafter referred to as SMEs), but also justified the need for its support as a non-alternative measure for stabilization of the unemployment rate in the country, the possibility of effective operation and self-reliance at local levels of the budget system, specially, local budgets. The status and conditions of SME functioning, its importance in the structure of local budget revenues are researched. Changes in the tendencies as to the volumes and structure of tax revenues of local budgets are defined. The dynamics of tax revenues to local budgets is analyzed in order to determine the budget-forming taxes. The key factors of influence on the revenue part of local budgets are systematized as follows: economic, political and legal, demographic, socio-cultural. The emphasis is placed on modern trends in the functioning of SMEs, financial relations between the State at the level of local budgets and SME entities. The analysis of the implementation of plans and the planned task of tax revenues to local budgets is carried out and the value of small businesses in the structure of sales of products is determined. The dynamics of financial results before taxation of small enterprises is determined, which substantiates their higher productivity and maneuverability in the conditions of instability. A study of the dependence between the level of tax revenues to local budgets from a single tax and the productivity of small enterprises and individual entrepreneurs proves the author’s position on the need to use a simplified taxation system as a measure to preserve the viability of small businesses in lockdown conditions in order to stabilize the economy at the local level. The importance of SMEs in the employment structure in terms of enterprises by their size proves the need to stimulate entrepreneurship in the face of global instability.

scholarly journals Simplified Taxation System as a Microeconomic Fiscal Regulator

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (519) ◽  
pp. 228-234
Author(s):  
N. O. Loboda ◽  
◽  
O. М. Chabaniuk ◽  
Y. O. Mosolova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Single Tax ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Local Budget ◽  
Taxation System ◽  
Tax Payers

The article considers the specifics and features of application of the simplified taxation system in Ukraine. Small business entities can apply either general or simplified taxation system. On the basis of generalizations of literary sources and current practice, the advantages and disadvantages of the simplified system at the present stage of economic development are determined. The biggest advantages of the simplified taxation system are tax advantages, which consist in the absence of the obligation to pay certain types of taxes, as well as a simplified system of accounting and reporting for small business entities, the ability to take into account the socio-economic situation of a particular geographic area, because a single tax has to be paid to the local budget. The disadvantages are primarily associated with abuse by economic entities and their evasion of payments. Four groups of single tax payers are characterized depending on the level of annual income, the number of employees and legally established rates. The dynamics of single tax receipt is analyzed and its share in the structure of tax revenues to the Consolidated Budget of Ukraine for 2016-2020 is determined. The proportion of the single tax in the context of taxpayers for 2016-2020 is determined and it is found that the largest share of this tax comes from individual entrepreneurs. The actual problems of functioning of the simplified taxation system in Ukraine are distinguished. The main legally justified reforms are analyzed: new limits for individual entrepreneurs and introduction of registrars of settlement operations. Some changes and postponements in the legislation in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic are noted. As a result, conclusions are drawn about the need to reform the simplified taxation system, which should be aimed at improving it along with preventing abuse.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF THE ORGANIZATION OF THE ACCOUNT AT THE ENTERPRISES OF SMALL BUSINESS IN UKRAINE

2020 ◽  
pp. 162-167
Author(s):  
Andrii Dovbush ◽  
Halyna Davydovska
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Business Transactions ◽  
Organizational Issues ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Taxation System

Purpose. The aim of the article is to research the economic content and features of accounting organization in small businesses. Methodology of research. A number of legal and general scientific methods are used in writing the work. The main method of writing the work is the method of research of legal sources, the Tax Code and the Law of Ukraine “On Accounting and Financial Reporting in Ukraine” in particular. The following research methods are also used: monographic – for a detailed study of the organization of the accounting system in small enterprises; comparison – to identify common features and differences of the studied processes and phenomena; analysis and synthesis – to detail the accounting system of small enterprises by dividing it into constituent parts; grouping – to identify the conceptual features of the accounting system of small businesses. Findings. It is determined that one of the most important organizational issues of small business accounting is the choice of form of accounting, because each form of accounting provides a combination of different types of accounting registers, which should ensure operational control, timeliness, completeness and reliability of generalization in the accounting of all business transactions that took place in the entity. It is concluded that the peculiarities of the organization of accounting for small businesses include the following: the choice of taxation system; approval of the chosen form of accounting in the Order on accounting policy; use of certain primary documents to confirm business transactions; display of information in the relevant accounting registers - depends on the chosen form of accounting; generalization of information in financial statements. Originality. The diversity of definitions of this concept has been clarified as a result of studying scientific approaches to the disclosure of the essence of the organization of accounting. The main factors influencing the organization of accounting of small enterprises are substantiated and revealed. It is believed that an important factor influencing the construction of accounting in small business is the taxation system. The advantages and disadvantages of simplified and general systems of taxation of small enterprises are presented in the article. Practical value. The obtained results of the research allow to deepen the theoretical principles and develop practical recommendations for improving the organization of accounting in small businesses, as well as to apply them for further research. Key words: organization of accounting, form of organization of accounting, small business enterprises, small business entities, taxation system.

scholarly journals CRITERIA FOR SELECTION OF ELEMENTS OF THE SIMPLIFIED ACCOUNTING AND REPORTING SYSTEM BY SMALL ENTERPRISES

2018 ◽  
pp. 286-293
Author(s):  
Nadiya Khocha
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Reporting System ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Small Enterprise ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
Tax Legislation ◽  
Tax Regimes ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Taxation System

Introduction. The development of a simplified accounting and reporting system has a significant impact on tax legislation, which involves the use of simplified tax regimes for small businesses. The entry into force in 2011 of the Tax Code of Ukraine affected the composition of the elements of the simplified accounting and reporting system, which led to the emergence of new and the possibility of refusing to use the traditional elements of this system. Purpose. The article aims to formulate criteria and elaborate algorithm for selecting elements of a simplified accounting and reporting system by small enterprises. Method (methodology). In the process of research, method of system approach, method of analysis and synthesis, method of generalization and comparison have been used. Results. It has been established that within the simplified accounting and reporting system its subsystem appeared. This subsystem is created for simplified accounting of incomes and expenses. The main elements of such a system are the Simplified Financial Statement of the Small Business Entity and the accounting registers that are identified by the "Methodological Recommendations for the Application of Small Business Registers" No. 720. They are created without the use of the Account Schedule and double entry. The expediency of using the concept of "simplified accounting and reporting system for non-payment of VAT" has been substantiated. The defining criterion for conduction of simplified accounting of incomes and expenses is the lack of registration of a small enterprise by a VAT payer. The algorithm of the choice of the small business entity for the elements of the simplified accounting and reporting system depending on the taxation system has been developed. The possibility of generating this system of information for calculation of tax, statistical and other forms of reporting has been considered in the research.

scholarly journals THE CURRENT STATE OF DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL BUSINESS TAXATION IN UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inna Hranovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Tax Policy ◽  
Business Taxation ◽  
State Support ◽  
Tax Revenues ◽  
Single Tax ◽  
Current State ◽  
Taxation System ◽  
Small Business Taxation

The article is devoted to the study of the current state of small business development and the need to reform the simplified taxation system, as well as to identify areas of stimulation of small business methods of state tax policy. It is considered that the taxation of small business is carried out in two forms - general or simplified. There is also found a single tax being the best way to tax small businesses because the general system of taxation is unclear and burdensome. It is determined that the system of simplified taxation promotes the development of small business by simplifying tax accounting and offers recommendations for improving the simplified taxation system in Ukraine. The rates of the single tax by groups, as well as the dynamics of tax revenues to local budgets from both legal entities and individuals are analyzed. It is found that the development of small business is possible only by combining and coordinating different forms, methods, means of regulation and state support, and the system of taxation of small businesses should be aimed at stimulating the development of small business and further filling budgets. Deficiencies in the legal framework related to the development and state support of small business in Ukraine are identified and ways to address them are proposed. It is substantiated that the most important method of influencing the activities of small business is the fiscal mechanism, which needs to be reformed in the direction of providing favorable conditions for doing business and attracting investment by building an incentive tax system. Experience of small business taxation in developed countries and new methods of state support that can be implemented in the tax policy of our state are studied. It is proved that if you exempt companies from taxation for a period of one to three years, provided they reinvest half of the net profit has a positive effect on the development of the company and the growth of tax revenues from its activities to the budget. The introduction of this tax regime in Ukraine will promote the development of small business, expand production, increase employment, increase competition, grow small businesses into medium and large and, as a consequence, increase tax revenues.

scholarly journals PROBLEMATIC ASPECTS OF TAXATION OF INDIVIDUAL-ENTREPRENEURS ON THE EXAMPLE OF HOTEL BUSINESS

2020 ◽  
pp. 146-159
Author(s):  
Larisa Krysyuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
General System ◽  
Competitive Environment ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
Common System ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Taxation System ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
General Taxation

Small business is a social and economic phenomenon. Each of those who take part in it can find their place in this sector of the economy. The state, local authorities, economic partners and entrepreneurs receive positive results from the activities of small enterprises. The role and place of small enterprises in the national economy is better manifested in the functions performed by these enterprises. Small business makes a significant contribution to the formation of a competitive environment. There are several conflicts currently. The first is a conflict between individual entrepreneurs and individuals. The second is a conflict between individual entre-preneurs on a simplified taxation system and a common system. Their taxation and the taxation of others differ from each other, which raises a large number of questions and dissatisfaction.The main purpose of the work is to analyse and identify problematic aspects of taxation of entrepreneurs in Ukraine using the example of the hotel business.A simplified taxation system can be chosen by both individual entrepreneurs and legal en-tities. Since the general system is more complicated in its form of taxation (accounting and repor-ting), more and more entrepreneurs are conducting their activities in a simplified taxation system. Hotels, like any other enterprises, can at their discretion choose a taxation system within the limits proposed by the current legislation. Hotels can use a simplified or general taxation system. These two systems have advantages and disadvantages. Individual entrepreneurs choose the most convenient system for themselves. Basically, they work on a simplified system, and this gives rise to a number of contradictions. If we compare an individual who works for an employer and an individual entrepreneur with the same income, then an individual who works for an employer has a higher tax burden.The article examined the simplified and general taxation systems. These systems have both advantages and disadvantages. Individual entrepreneurs choose the most convenient system for themselves, according to their activities. Choosing a simplified system, individual entrepreneurs have an advantage in choosing a group in which they will carry out activities. This allows you to regulate the amount of income, and subsequently the amount of taxes.

Assessment of small businesses activities in Ukraine

2019 ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
Igor Ponomarenko ◽  
Kateryna Volovnenko
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Small Business ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Micro Enterprises

The subject of the research is a set of approaches to the statistical analysis ofthe activities of small business entities in Ukraine, including micro-enterprises. The purpose of writing this article is to study of the features of functioningof small business entities in Ukraine. Methodology. The research methodology isto use a system-structural and comparative analysis (to study the change in thenumber of small enterprises by major components); monographic (when studyingmethods of statistical analysis of small businesses); economic analysis (when assessing the impact of small business entities on socio-economic phenomena andprocesses in Ukraine). The scientific novelty consists to determine the features ofthe functioning of small businesses in Ukraine in modern conditions. The influenceof the activities of the main socio-economic and political indicators on the activities of small enterprises in recent periods of time has been identified. It has beenestablished that there is flexibility in the development of strategies by small businesses in conditions of significant competition, which makes it possible to quicklyrespond to changing situations in specific markets. Conclusions. The use of acomprehensive statistical analysis of small businesses functioning in Ukraine willallow government agencies to develop a set of measures to optimize the activitiesof these enterprises, which ultimately will positively affect the strengthening oftheir competitiveness and will contribute to the growth of the national economicsystem.

Special aspects of tax liability of small business enterprises in Russia

2021 ◽  
pp. 101-109
Author(s):  
Alina V. Agzamova ◽  
Alena E. Zaborovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
The State ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
Tax Burden ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Tax Regimes ◽  
The Russian Federation

In modern economic conditions, the state of small business is an indicator that reflects the dynamics of the development of the main socio-economic trends occurring in the country. In return, the current crisis phenomena have a negative impact on the development of small business, which contributes to the formation of the middle class, which makes up a significant part of the economically active population of the country. Despite all the measures provided by the government of the Russian Federation (tax holidays, subsidies, reduction of the tax burden due to the introduction of special tax regimes, etc.), the number of small businesses is decreasing. This article analyzes the current state of the state’s tax policy in relation to small enterprises, examines the issues of taxation of small enterprises in Russia, and identifies the main trends and disadvantages of taxation of small businesses. The most complex and urgent problems of functioning and further development of small businesses are identified and characterized. Statistical data on the dynamics and structure of small businesses by type of economic activity in Russia, the dynamics of the tax burden on small businesses, and tax revenues to the budget of the Russian Federation are presented and analyzed. The article substantiates the need to reform the tax system as a necessary measure to support small businesses, designed to improve and accelerate the dynamics of socio-economic development of the state.

scholarly journals Development of small innovative business in the Russian economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (44) ◽  
pp. 84-91
Author(s):  
Sergey V. Novikov ◽  
Gennady V. Tikhonov
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Small Business ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
The Public ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Sustainable Operation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Scientific Technical ◽  
Crisis Conditions

The article is devoted to small entrepreneurship in the scientific and technical sphere, despite the recognition of its right to state support, it has a significant difference from scientific and technical and the so-called earlier implementation activities characteristic of the period preceding economic reforms. A significant place in the article is given to the development of mathematical modeling in the system of innovative entrepreneurship in modern crisis conditions. Adaptability and flexibility are considered as the most important indicators of the efficiency of structures, their ability to ensure sustainable operation and effective innovative development of small businesses. The issues of scientific, technical and innovative activities in small business and in the public sector of the economy on the conjugation of adaptability and flexibility are considered. A number of modern techniques related to the development of mathematical modeling of the development of small enterprises in innovative activities in a crisis are analyzed. The necessity of mathematical modeling as the main factor in the implementation of financial support for small business in innovation, for which conventional methods are unacceptable, has been substantiated. The proposed approach should be considered as a guideline when assessing the mechanism for allocating funds from the budget for the development of small business in innovation.

scholarly journals RECOGNITION AND AUDIT OF COSTS IN SIMPLIFIED TAXATION SYSTEM

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentyna Hoshovska ◽  
Viktoriia Masalitina ◽  
Svitlana Nakonechna
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Current Account ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Single Tax ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Tax Payers ◽  
Legal Entities ◽  
The Current Account

The simplified system of taxation, accounting and reporting should be considered an effective tool to stimulate the development of small business and ensure a sufficient level of business activity in the state. The study various aspects of the organization and implementation of accounting, auditing for businesses that have chosen a simplified system of taxation, accounting and reporting is important. The purpose of the article is to deepen the methodological approaches to the recognition of costs and audit of costs in a simplified system of taxation, accounting and reporting. The article reveals the essence of the simplified system of taxation, accounting and reporting, features of its implementation and requirements for individuals -entrepreneurs and legal entities who are allowed to apply the simplified system of taxation, accounting and reporting under current legislation (August 2021). It is established that the payers of the single tax of the first, second and third groups (not the value added tax payer) do not recognize expenses and do not carry out costs accounting. The difference between the recognition of expenses by legal entities and individuals -entrepreneurs in the application of the simplified system of taxation, accounting and reporting is determined. For single tax payers of individuals -entrepreneurs (value added tax payers) the legislation defines the cash method of income recognition upon receipt of funds on the current account (cash desk), withdrawal of cash proceeds from trading machines and, accordingly, recognition of costs upon payment through the current account (cash desk) with mandatory documentary confirmation. Methodological approaches to the recognition of costs by individuals-entrepreneurs (value added tax payers) and legal entities in the application of the simplified system of taxation, accounting and reporting are in-depth. To verify the correctness of the recognition of costs in the application of a simplified system of taxation, accounting and reporting, documentation, accuracy and completeness of reflection in accounting and financial reporting (for legal entities) developed a program of audit of costs.

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