scholarly journals ECONOMIC CONTENT AND CLASSIFICATION OF PUBLIC DEBT

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataliia Zhmurko ◽  
Olga Rudyk ◽  
Tetiana Hrynkevych
Keyword(s):  
Public Debt ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Financial Policy ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Detailed Classification ◽  
State Economy ◽  
The Stability

The appropriate use of debt funds and proper servicing of public debt is determined by the stability of the economy. The solution to these issues will determine the effectiveness of the implementation of budgetary policy in the state, the stability of the national currency. To solve these problems, the search for ways and methods for effective management and servicing of public debt in the country is being carried out. It is quite reasonable to consider public debt as an important instrument of financial policy in the state. It is the main criterion for determining how effective the economy is and how well the state performs its functions both at the national and international levels. Economists at different times had different approaches to determining public debt, the expediency of borrowing by the state and the role of the state in the economic life of the country and the resulting further opportunity to accept debts and manage financial resources. However, today economists cite a number of features, functions of public debt, and scientists have developed different approaches to understanding this concept based on the criteria of the sources of their formation and characteristics. Approaches to the interpretation of public debt are extremely different, thereby complementing each other and show how complex the subject of research is and how broadly it can be interpreted. There are many approaches to determining public debt, as well as its impact on the state economy. Some approaches complement each other, others completely contradict each other. However, the tendency for the state to take on debts, whether external or internal, remains inevitable. And the expediency and justification of taking such, it will be possible to speak only on the fact of use of these means and development or, on the contrary, decline of economy. However, public debt as an economic category is an integral part of the state’s economy, where the state acts as an active participant in debt relations. That is why in the article the authors highlight the economic content and purpose of public debt on the basis of the works of well-known domestic and foreign economists highlight its main functions, carry out a detailed classification of debt borrowings according to a number of features.

Perlindungan Hukum Konsumen Pada Perjanjian Baku (Standar Contract) PT. Telkomsel Terhadap Penggunaan Kartu Pasca Bayar (Halo Kick)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-145
Author(s):  
Ahyuni Yunus ◽  
Agustina Ali Bilondatu
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Equal Opportunity ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Active Role ◽  
The State ◽  
Standard Contract ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Changing Times ◽  
The Stability

Penelitian ini bertujuan, pertama Bentuk perlindungan hukum konsumen pada perjanjian baku (Standart Contract) PT Telkomsel Terhadap Penggunaan Kartu Pasca Bayar (Halo Kick), kedua Upaya hukum konsumen Konsumen tindakan sepihak yang dilakukan oleh pihak Telkomsel. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian hukum normatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, pertama, Perlindungan hukum terhadap pekerja dimaksudkan untuk menjamin hak-hak dasar dan menjamin kesamaan kesempatan serta perlakuan tanpa diskriminasi atas dasar apapun untuk mewujudkan kesejahteraan pekerja beserta keluarganya. Perlindungan pekerja tersebut hanya dapat tercapai jika adanya peran serta Negara secara aktif dalam menjaga stabilitas iklim industrialisasi dengan perindungan terhadap pekerja, atau dengan kata lain ditengah gesekan perubahan zaman dan menggeliatnya pertumbuhan ekonomi maka peran serta Negara merupakan keniscayaan. This study aims, firstly, the form of consumer legal protection in the PT Telkomsel standard contract against the use of postpaid cards (Halo Kick), secondly the consumer's legal efforts for unilateral actions taken by Telkomsel. The research method used is normative legal research method. The results show that, first, legal protection for workers is intended to guarantee basic rights and guarantee equal opportunity and treatment without discrimination on any basis to realize the welfare of workers and their families. Protection of workers can only be achieved if there is an active role of the State in maintaining the stability of the industrialization climate with protection of workers, or in other words, amidst the friction of changing times and stretching economic growth, the participation of the State is a necessity.

The Economy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Tomlinson
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
British Economy ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Late Nineteenth

This chapter falls into two unequal parts. The first charts, broadly chronologically, the shifting understandings, historical and historiographical, of the role of the state in economic life. The second focuses on debates about the performance of the economy, especially notions of ‘decline’ which have been central to those debates since the late nineteenth century. Variegated but overlapping senses of ‘decline’, originating in very specific historical circumstances, have overshadowed much writing on the modern British economy, with, it will be argued, often detrimental effects on our understanding. Such notions need to be historicized—placed firmly in the intellectual, ideological, and above all political contexts within which they arose.

scholarly journals Negotiating Positive Non-interventionism: Regulating Hong Kong's Finance Companies, 1976–1986

2017 ◽  
Vol 230 ◽  
pp. 348-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine R. Schenk
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Financial Centre ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Banking Structure ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Stability ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Distinctive Role

AbstractSince colonial times to the present day, Hong Kong's position as a global financial centre is one of the enduring economic strengths of the territory. This success is often attributed to the distinctive role of the state, coined in the 1970s by the-then financial secretary, Sir Philip Haddon-Cave, as “positive non-interventionism.” The relationship between the market and the state has also been characterized as a form of corporatism, particularly in the financial sector as bankers were able to influence policy. However, closer examination of the behind-the-scenes relations between bankers and the state reveals a much more complex relationship, with the banks seeking protection that the government was not willing to provide. Moreover, the reluctance to regulate financial markets resulted in piecemeal interventions and weak implementation that undermined the stability of this sector and of the economy as a whole. This paper demonstrates the confusion over the concept and practicalities of positive non-interventionism, even for Haddon-Cave, and how the concept evolved towards a policy of “when in doubt, do nothing” during a period of financial instability. Along the way, the paper presents new evidence about the origins of Hong Kong's current banking structure.

scholarly journals Comments to the article “The political role of the State in Cambridge theories of growth and distribution”

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-214
Author(s):  
JOÃO GABRIEL DE ARAUJO OLIVEIRA ◽  
RENATO NOZAKI SUGAHARA ◽  
JOANILIO RODOLPHO TEIXEIRA
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Dynamic Equilibrium ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Role ◽  
Essential Nature ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Stability

ABSTRACT This comment came to refute and correct the idea of Charles (2007) about the negatively implications in the income distribution when the government expand the consumption in favour to households. We prove that the political choice, to both cases (increasing consumption or increasing profit), impact positively the income distribution and does not affect the essential nature of the Kaldor neo-Pasinetti dynamic equilibrium results and the “Cambridge Equation”. The stability of the model is guarantee by applying the Olech’s Theorem to the case.

On media censorship, freedom of expression and the risks of journalism in Mexico

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 666-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fidel González-Quiñones ◽  
Juan D Machin-Mastromatteo
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
The State ◽  
Corporate Groups ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The Mass Media ◽  
Media Censorship

We present a classification of the types of censorship of media to frame the various issues that journalism and freedom of expression face in Mexico, which mainly include the role of the State in preventing or enforcing censorship, the monopoly of a few corporate groups that control most of the mass media and dictate fixed editorial lines throughout all of them, the effect of violence on journalism and the issues that are emerging around the freedom of expression in social media.

A PRIVATIZAÇÃO ESTRUTURADA: o PND no Governo Collor (1990-1992)

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
MONICA PICCOLO ALMEIDA
Keyword(s):  
Public Debt ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
The State ◽  
Structural Reforms ◽  
Brazilian Government ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Neoliberal Ideology

Resumo: No Governo Collor, o Programa Nacional de Desestatização (PND), cujos eixos encontram-se no texto do projeto apresentado pelo presidente em seu discurso no Congresso no dia 15/03/1990, assume envergadura distinta dos governos anteriores. Constituiu-se em peça fundamental para a redefinição da atuação do Estado e instrumento de redução da dá­vida pública. As empresas selecionadas estavam localizadas em setores que representavam a base da estrutura industrial, como a siderurgia, a petroquá­mica e a produção de fertilizantes. Esse artigo propõe-se a investigar o processo de estruturação da privatização no Brasil, a partir da posse do então Presidente Fernando Collor de Mello em 1990, aqui considerada como uma das mais importantes reformas estruturais que marcaram a adesão do governo brasileiro ao ideário neoliberal como principal linha condutora das polá­ticas públicas. Para tal, toma como objeto de investigação não só nova a legislação que passou a regulamentar as privatizações como também os fundamentos do projeto privatista, seus órgãos reguladores, seus objetivos e suas realizações. Palavras-chave: Neoliberalismo, Privatização, Governo Collor.  THE STRUCTURING PROCESS OF PRIVATIZATION: The National Privatization Program (PND) In the Collor Government (1990-1992)  Abstract: In the Collor Government, the National Privatization Program (PND), whose axes are in the text of the project presented by the President in his speech at the Congress on the day 3/15/1990, distinct from previous Governments assumed wingspan. Constituted in keystone to the redefinition of the role of the State and public debt reduction tool. The selected companies were located in sectors that represented the basis of industrial structure, as steel, petrochemical and fertiliser production. This article proposes to investigate the structuring process of privatization in Brazil, from the possession of then-President Fernando Collor de Mello in 1990, here considered as one of the most important structural reforms that marked the accession of the Brazilian Government to the neoliberal ideology as the main guideline of public policies. To this end, takes as an object of research not only new legislation that passed regulating the privatization as well as the fundamentals of project privatista, their regulators, your goals and your achievements Keywords: Neoliberalism, Privatization, Collor Government.

scholarly journals The state and environmental management: general regulatory issues

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-173
Author(s):  
Evgeniy E. Tonkov ◽  
Natalya A. Kosolapova ◽  
Sergey Yu. Sumenkov ◽  
Yury A. Kondrashov ◽  
Yulia V. Aleksakhina
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
International Law ◽  
The State ◽  
Research Focus ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The Social

Now environmental protection is a priority in managing problems at the social, legal, economic, and political levels. The authors set the task based on the importance of the role of the state– to analyze the state policy of Russia and several foreign countries in the direction of environmental management. The research focus concerned the classification of the main policy areas of environmental management regulation and the identification of problems related to special state activities in this area. As a result of the study, the authors concluded that the terminology in the field of environmental management is insufficient elaboration, a generalized international law enforcement practice and an effective security mechanism are absent and there are many resulting contradictions related to the above in public policies in the field of environmental management at various levels.

Neoliberalism in Germany: Ordoliberalism and the Social Market Economy

Diogenes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolay Alexandrov ◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Market Economy ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Social Market Economy ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The Social ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Social Market

This article is devoted to German neoliberalism, which differs from the other national schools of the doctrine in question on the large scientific-theoretical array and the scientific-political science inherent in German social philosophers, which deals with the legal, economic and legal-political issues of democracy, market economy and the role of the state in a free society. One important feature of German neoliberalism, which emerges in the German universities, is emphasized, and besides being the most complex of all the national schools of neoliberalism and with the greatest number of theorists, it has for a long time maintained its objectivity and position on common sense, protecting the interests of all citizens, regardless of their property and social status. It also emphasizes that emblematic feature of German neoliberalism, according to which this national school does not deny the role of the state in social and economic life, but affirms it.

The Politics of Australia’s Economic Development

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Bell ◽  
Michael Keating
Keyword(s):  
Aggregate Demand ◽  
The State ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
State Economy ◽  
Australian Economy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Changing Role ◽  
Liberal Market Economy

This chapter reviews the history of state–economy relations in Australia since the late nineteenth century. Although Australia is typically categorized as a liberal market economy, this chapter argues that the state has been of central importance in shaping and managing the Australian economy over time. The chapter outlines the changing role of the state in the Australian economy, a process typically shaped by alterations to state–economy relations following major economic crises, such as the Depressions of the 1890s and 1930s, as well as the stagflationary crisis of the 1970s, which ushered in more market-based, neoliberal forms of economic policy. The chapter’s key argument for the contemporary era is that supply-side-focused neoliberal policies have run their course, and that a new demand-side policy focus aimed at dealing with weak aggregate demand, inequality, and flat wages is now required in order to spur aggregate demand and economic growth.

scholarly journals Debate Over the Economic Role of the State in Poland in the Works of the Representatives of the Kraków School, the Leviathan Organization and the First Economic Brigade in the Years 1919–1939

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-46
Author(s):  
Anna Jarosz-Nojszewska
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
Economic Planning ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Controversial Issue ◽  
Economic Role ◽  
Role Of The State

Abstract As Poland regained independence in 1918, it immediately had to deal with the question of how to shape its political and economic system. One important but at the same time controversial issue was the level of the state’s involvement in the economic life of the country and the measures used. In numerous debates among economists, the dominant topics included problems in the industry - in particular issues such as statism, monopolization, policy towards cartels and, in the later period, economic planning. The article presents the course of the discussion on the role of the state in the economy that took place in Poland in the years 1918-1939, as well as a review of arguments put forward by the proponents and opponents of state’s economic interventionism. For the purpose of this article, three groups that were most active in the debate were selected: the Kraków School, the Leviathan organization and the First Economic Brigade.

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