Climate and soil effect on oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) yield

Objective: To determine potential and water-limited yields in oil palm producing areas in the State of Tabasco, México. Design/Methodology/Approach: The ERIC III v. 3.2 database (IMTA, 2009) was used to select climatological stations with daily precipitation and maximum and minimum temperature records, going back to more than 20 years. The methodology proposed by the FAO and improved by Fischer et al. (2012) was used to estimate the potential yield. The equation reported by Ruiz-Álvarez et al. (2012) was used to estimate the annual water deficit from the climatic water balance. Results: The average potential yield of oil palm with a high level of inputs varies from 35.8 to 40.6 t ha-1 of fresh fruit bunches. The average water-limited yield can vary from 15.6 to 23.5 t ha-1 in plantations of at least 8 years of age, under rainfed conditions. The reduction in the maximum average attainable yield was the result of 19.2-49.5% soil moisture deficits. Study limitations/Implications: In order to determine their impact on potential and water-limited yields, climate change horizons must be included in future studies; this would enable researchers to establish the future theoretical economic profitability of the crop. Findings/Conclusions: The analysis between the yields indicates that —if the gap between the current yields and water-limited yields is closed— output and percentage would be 6.5-14.4 t ha-1 and 72.8-129% higher than the potential yield.

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Pengaruh Jarak Tanam Yang Berbeda Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Produksi Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq)

Jurnal Media Pertanian ◽

10.33087/jagro.v5i1.92 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 22

Author(s):

Hayata Hayata ◽

Ida Nursanti ◽

Pandu Kriswibowo

Keyword(s):

Oil Palm ◽

Sampling Method ◽

Elaeis Guineensis ◽

T Test ◽

Fresh Fruit ◽

Plant Spacing ◽

Fresh Fruit Bunch ◽

Fresh Fruit Bunches ◽

Planting Distance

Plant spacing is a factor influencing the growth of oil palm plants. Plant spacing is done to get an area for plant growth, to avoid a sun and nutrients competition for each oil palm plant, and to make it easier maintenance. This study aimed to see the growth and production of oil palm at different planting distances. This research was carried out at the Oil Palm smallholder Plantation located in Suko Awinjaya Village, Sekernan District, Muaro Jambi Regeny, 64 kilometers (representing 8×8 m spacing) and 69 kilometers (representing 9×9 m spacing). This research was conducted in March-April 2019. The design of the experiment was carried out as an unformatted trial and the location was porpusively chosen as there were a uniform plants in that location. Sampling determination of the locations was based on spacing differences e.g. Planting distance 8 × 8 m (P1), Planting distance 9 × 9 m (P2). The Systemic Sampling method was used in this study. The parameters observed were plant height, stem circumference, weight of fresh fruit bunches (FFB), productivity, light intensity, air temperature, air humidity (%). A measured agronomic each observed parameter was analyzed by Independent t test (significant level of 5%). The result showed that the oil palm plantations with 8x8 m distance planted give a higher growth and a smaller stem circumference than the 9x9m. While a higher both of Fresh Fruit Bunch Weight and productivity were obtained at a 9x9 m spacing than those at 8x8 m planted distance. Keywords: Spacing, Productivity, Oil Palm AbstrakJarak tanam merupakan faktor yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan tanaman kelapa sawit. Pengaturan jarak tanam adalah untuk mendapatkan ruang tumbuh bagi pertumbuhan tanaman guna menghindari kompetisi memperebutkan unsur hara dan matahari dari setiap tanaman kelapa sawit, serta mempermudah dalam pemeliharaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pertumbuhan dan produksi kelapa sawit pada jarak tanam yang berbeda. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit Rakyat yang terletak di Desa Suko Awinjaya, Kecamatan Sekernan Kabupaten Muaro Jambi kilometer 64 (mewakili jarak tanam 8×8 m) dan kilometer 69 (mewakili jarak tanamn 9×9 m). Penelitian ini pada bulan Maret – April 2019. Rancangan Percobaan di lakukan dengan tidak terformat, dan lokasi dipilih secara sengaja karena pada lokasi tersebut terdapat tanaman yang diteliti dan seragam. Penentuan lokasi pengambilan sempel berdasarkan perbedaan jarak tanam yaitu: Jarak tanam 8×8 m (P1), Jarak tanam 9×9 m (P2) Pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode Sistemik Sampling. Parameter yang diamati adalah Tinggi tanaman, Lingkar Batang, Berat Tandan Buah Segar (TBS), Produktivitas, Intesitas Cahaya, Suhu Udara, Kelembaban Udara (%), Tindakan Agronomi. Setiap parameter yang diamati dilakukan analisis Independent t test pada taraf α 5 %. Tanaman Kelapa sawit yang ditanam pada jarak 8x8 m memberikan hasil pertumbuhan yang lebih tinggi dan lingkaran yang lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan jarak tanam 9x9 m. Berat Tandan Buah Segar dan produktivitas yang lebih tinggi didapatkan pada jarak tanam 9x9 m dibandingkan dengan yang ditanam pada jarak 8x8 mKata kunci : Jarak Tanam, Produktivitas, Kelapa sawt

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PENGARUH KONSENTRASI GIBERELIN (GA3) DENGAN WAKTU APLIKASI SEBELUM PANEN TERHADAP MUTU FISIK TANDAN BUAH SEGAR KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)

Jurnal Agro Fabrica ◽

10.47199/jaf.v1i2.106 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 62-70

Author(s):

Sri Murti Tarigan ◽

Eka Bobby Febrianto ◽

Lufy Andria Cik

Keyword(s):

Oil Palm ◽

Elaeis Guineensis ◽

Design Method ◽

Block Design ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Fresh Fruit ◽

Physical Damage ◽

Physical Quality ◽

Fresh Fruit Bunches

Physical damage to fruit on oil palm fresh fruit bunches due to harvest and postharvest activities include injured fruit mesocarp, fruit weight loss, and loss in fruit bunches. One of the postharvest handlings that can maintain the physical quality of the fruit is by giving gibberellins (GA3). This research aims to determine the effect of the concentration of gibberellins (GA3) whit application time before harvest on the physical quality of postharvest oil palm fresh fruit bunches. The research was conducted at Afdeling VI Garden Cot Girek PT. Perkebunan Nusantara I and in the Cot Girek Palm Oil Factory laboratory. The time of the research was conducted in June until July 2019. The study used a non factorial randomized block design method with 4 treatment levels (0 mg/l, 50 mg/l, 100 mg/l, and 150 mg/l) with 3 replications. The administration of gibberellins has a significant effect on fruit loss and fruit weight reduction with the best concentration of gibberellins is 50 ppm but does not have a significant effect on pH, moisture content, and fruit free fatty acids.

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YOUTHS’ INVOLVEMENT IN OIL PALM (ELAEIS GUINEENSIS) FRUIT PROCESSING ACTIVITIES

Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova ◽

10.46909/cerce-2020-033 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 53 (4) ◽

pp. 384-399

Author(s):

Julius Olatunde AYINDE ◽

Michael FAMAKINWA ◽

Babatunde Opeyemi AKEREDOLU

Keyword(s):

Oil Palm ◽

Agricultural Development ◽

Formal Education ◽

Elaeis Guineensis ◽

Sampling Procedure ◽

Palm Fruit ◽

Level Of Involvement ◽

Fruit Processing ◽

Fresh Fruit Bunches ◽

Multistage Sampling

This study assessed the youths’ involvement in oil palm fruit processing activities in Ondo State, Nigeria. It described the socio-economic characteristics of youths involved in oil palm fruit processing activities, determined their level of involvement, examined their perception and identified constraints associated with their involvement. Multistage sampling procedure was employed to select 120 respondents from the study area. Interview schedule was employed to collect relevant data, which was analysed with SPSS software package. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise the data while inferential statistics were used to draw inference on hypothesis. The results show that majority (63.3%) were male, 95.8% had formal education with a mean age of 27.2 ± 2.7 years. Picking of fresh fruit bunches ( = 2.71), packaging ( = 2.60) and gathering of bunches ( = 2.50) were the major activities youth involved in. Higher percentage (57.9%) of the youth had favourable perception towards involvement in oil palm fruit processing activities. Lack of modern processing facilities ( =3.65) and funds/inadequate credit facilities ( = 3.65) were the prime constraints to their involvement. Number of labour (r = 0.7460; p≤0.01) and income (r = 0.601; p≤0.01) of the respondents were significantly related to youth involvement. The study concluded that youth had moderate involvement in oil palm processing activities. However, agricultural development stakeholders like government should provide adequate and functional credits facilities to these youths to encourage their involvement.

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Selection of Elite dura-Type Parents to Produce Dwarf Progenies of Elaeis guineensis Using Genetic Parameters

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11122581 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 2581

Author(s):

Andrés Tupaz-Vera ◽

Iván Ayala-Diaz ◽

Carlos Felipe Barrera ◽

Hernán Mauricio Romero

Keyword(s):

Oil Palm ◽

Genetic Parameters ◽

Elaeis Guineensis ◽

Economic Life ◽

Added Value ◽

Annual Growth Rate ◽

Genetic Traits ◽

Yield Values ◽

Quantitative Genetic Traits ◽

Fresh Fruit Bunches

The low annual growth rate of the stipe in oil palm progenies is desirable to increase these crops’ productive and economic life. Recurrent reciprocal selection (R.R.S.) has allowed the development of oil palm populations through several breeding cycles with an increased frequency of favorable alleles associated with traits of interest. The present study evaluated families derived from Deli dura × African dura crosses. For 12 years, the yield, vegetative characteristics, and the amount of oil in seven dura progenies were assessed to estimate, from the information collected, the genetic parameters, heritability, and phenotypic correlations among quantitative genetic traits of high-yielding dwarf progenies. The analysis was carried out using analysis of variance, followed by a comparison of means for all estimated traits. The effect of the progenies was highly significant (p ≤ 0.01) for most traits. The yield values, expressed in fresh fruit bunches (FFB) for the progenies, ranged from 165 to 208 kg per palm per year. The oil-to-bunch ratio (O/B) ranged from 17% to 19%, with an overall average of 18%. One of the essential characteristics in this study was the vertical growth of the stipe. Progenies P6 and P7 were identified as those with the lowest annual increase in height, with values of 0.29 and 0.33 m year−1. The values indicate that these are slow-growing cultivars with a high FFB yield and O/B. The highest heritabilities were found for the vegetative trait height (71.62%) and the number of leaflets (46.64%). The development of dura parents with slow growth characteristics in combination with a high bunch and oil production allows extending the productive life of the crop to more than 35 years, providing added value to obtaining differentiated cultivars of oil palm.

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Studi Diagnostik Tingkat Penerapan Kultur Teknis Kelapa Sawit Dalam Upaya Peningkatan Kesejahteraan Pekebun Sawit Swadaya: Studi Kasus Kabupaten Padang Lawas Utara

Inovasi ◽

10.33626/inovasi.v16i2.138 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 95-103

Author(s):

Zulfi Prima Sani Nasution

Keyword(s):

Oil Palm ◽

Local Governments ◽

Access To Finance ◽

Potential Yield ◽

Farmer Organizations ◽

Actual Yield ◽

Fresh Fruit Bunches ◽

Standard Practices ◽

North Sumatra

In line with the growth of independent smallholders, efforts to increase their productivity and sustainability are now a concern for policymakers. The main obstacle faced by independent smallholders is the low yield, as experienced by independent smallholders in North Padang Lawas District, North Sumatra. This study aimed to determine the current conditions of oil palm cultivation practices and develop policy recommendations to increase oil palm yield in North Padang Lawas District. The study was carried out through surveys and in-depth interviews involving 40 independent smallholders spread across the sub-district of Padang Bolak, Portibi, Halongonan, and Halongonan Timur. The results showed that lack of knowledge about oil palm legitimate seeds and standard practices of oil palm cultivation had caused the actual yield was only half of the potential yield of land suitability S3, especially for independent smallholders in the sub-district of Padang Bolak, Portibi, and Halongonan Timur. In addition, the process of selling fresh fruit bunches (FFB) that were not managed through farmer organizations (groups or cooperatives) caused a long chain of FFB marketing, thereby reducing the smallholder's income. Limited access to finance from banks burdened smallholders in implementing standard practices of oil palm cultivation, especially fertilization. Strengthening the role of local governments, banks and plantation companies are expected to change the mindset of smallholders regarding the importance of using legitimate oil palm seeds, adopting the best practices of oil palm cultivation, opening access to finance, and strengthening smallholders institutions so that the welfare and sustainability of independent smallholders in North Padang Lawas District can be realized soon.

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SOIL AND PLANT SILICON STATUS IN OIL PALM CROPS IN COLOMBIA

Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0014479714000374 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 51 (3) ◽

pp. 382-392

Author(s):

F. MUNEVAR M. ◽

A. ROMERO F.

Keyword(s):

Plant Species ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Elaeis Guineensis ◽

Leaf Age ◽

Mobile Element ◽

Research Project ◽

Preliminary Step ◽

Future Studies ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Weathered Soils

SUMMARYA study was conducted, including 17 oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) crops distributed throughout Colombia, to determine how much silicon (Si) this plant species accumulates in their leaves, and also to determine the available Si levels in the soils. The study was conceived as a preliminary step of a research project aimed at determining whether the beneficial effects of Si, which have been identified for other species also, occur in the oil palm crop. Available Si varied among soils; lower levels were found in the soils with characteristics associated with greater weathering as compared with less weathered soils. Relatively high leaf Si levels were found in all of the sites studied and this was interpreted as an indication that oil palm could be considered a Si accumulator. An increase in Si concentration with leaf age was found, indicating that this element probably behaves as a non-mobile element in the plant. A defined relationship between soil available Si and Si concentration in the leaves was not found, however. The results indicate that it is worthwhile conducting specific studies to determine the effects of Si on oil palm growth and behaviour, and provide useful criteria for the design of future studies.

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PELUANG PENINGKATAN PRODUKTIVITAS KELAPA SAWIT RAKYAT DI PROVINSI LAMPUNG

Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri ◽

10.21082/jlittri.v20n2.2014.101-109 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 101

Author(s):

BARIOT HAFIF ◽

Rr. ERNAWATI ◽

YULIA PUJIARTI

Keyword(s):

Oil Palm ◽

Water Conservation ◽

Elaeis Guineensis ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Nutrient Retention ◽

Technical Management ◽

Average Production ◽

Optimal Productivity ◽

Fresh Fruit Bunches ◽

Npk Fertilization

ABSTRAK Produktivitas kelapa sawit rakyat di Provinsi Lampung masih relatif rendah dibanding potensi produktivitas optimal. Berkenaan dengan hal itu, dari bulan Februari sampai dengan September 2012 dilakukan kajian dengan tujuan mengidentifikasi karakteristik agroekologi dan teknis pengelolaan kebun kelapa sawit rakyat yang berpeluang diperbaiki agar produktivitas kebun kelapa sawit rakyat meningkat. Kebun kelapa sawit rakyat yang diidentifikasi dipilih secara acak di tujuh kabupaten di Provinsi Lampung. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui survei dan wawancara petani. Rata-rata produksi tandan buah segar (TBS) kebun kelapa sawit rakyat di Lampung masih rendah (15 ton/hektar/tahun). Produksi ini berpeluang ditingkatkan melalui penerapan teknologi yang dapat mengatasi sifat-sifat agroekologi sebagai faktor pembatas pertumbuhan dan produksi kelapa sawit, seperti ketersediaan air, retensi hara, dan bahaya erosi. Teknologi yang dibutuhkan untuk mengatasi kendala tersebut antara lain membangun irigasi suplemen, meningkatkan kemampuan tanah dalam menyimpan air, memperbanyak penggunaan bahan organik dan kapur, serta mengaplikasikan teknologi konservasi tanah dan air. Produktivitas kebun kelapa sawit rakyat akan berpeluang meningkat seiring dengan bertambahnya umur tanaman, serta meningkatnya penggunaan pupuk organik untuk tanaman yang telah menghasilkan (TM) dan pupuk NPK untuk tanaman belum menghasilkan (TBM). Pembinaan petani perlu diintensifkan untuk meningkatkan kesadaran petani akan pentingnya memupuk TBM. Hasil analisis mengindikasikan bahwa pemupukan NPK untuk TBM berkorelasi positif dengan produktivitas kelapa sawit. Kata kunci: Elaeis guineensis Jacq., agroekologi, pengelolaan kebun kelapa sawit rakyat, produktivitasABSTRACT Productivity of smallholder oil palm in Lampung province is still relatively low compared to the potential for optimal productivity. A study was conducted with regard to that, from February to September 2012 to identify the agroecological characteristics and technical management of smallholder oil palm plantations that likely to be improved in order to increase the productivity of oil palm of smallholder. Smallholder plantations studied were randomly selected, each 1 sites in seven districts in Lampung Province and data collection was conducted through surveys and interviews of farmers. Average production of fresh fruit bunches (FFB) of smallholder oil palm plantations in Lampung are still low (15 tons/hectare/year). The production is likely to be enhanced through the application of technology that is able to cope with the nature of agroecology as the constraints of growth and production of oil palm, namely the availability of water, nutrient retention, and erosion hazard. The technology needed to overcome the obstacles include supplementing irrigation, increasing the soil's ability to store water, multiplying the use of organic materials and lime, and applying soil and water conservation technologies. Besides that, oil palm productivity of smallholder likely increase, along with the increasing age of the plant, the growing use of organic fertilizer for plants that have produced (TM) and NPK fertilizer for immature plants (TBM). Development of farmers needs to be intensified to increase farmers' awareness of the importance of fertilizing the TBM. The results of the analysis indicated that NPK fertilization for TBM positively correlated with the productivity of oil palm. Keywords: Elaeis guineens

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INTENSITAS SERANGAN HAMA TIKUS BELUKAR (Rattus sp) PADA TANAMAN KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) MENGHASILKAN DI KEBUN RAKYAT DESA SUKO AWIN JAYA KABUPATEN MUARO JAMBI

Jurnal Media Pertanian ◽

10.33087/jagro.v6i2.126 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 109

Author(s):

Hayata Hayata ◽

Nasamsir Nasamsir ◽

Robi Aldinardo

Keyword(s):

Experimental Design ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Elaeis Guineensis ◽

Fresh Fruit ◽

Palm Tree ◽

Location Determination ◽

Average Production ◽

Initial Survey ◽

Fresh Fruit Bunches

Cultivation of oil palm is inseparable from pests. One of the main pests that attack oil palm plants is the rat class which can cause oil palm plantations get a high losses. The aim of this study was to determine the attacktion intensity of the bush rat (Rattus sp) in Oil Palm smallholder at Suko Awin Jaya Village, Muaro Jambi Regency. The research was carried out from February to April 2021 at the oil palm smallholder specifically farmer group“Ridho Ilahi”. The experimental design was unformated trials, and the location was purposively chosen. The location determination of the sample was based on to the initial survey that there was found rats attacktion in this place. Sampling was carried out concurrently at the time fresh fruit bunches harvesting, fruit counting in the bunch, counting the number of fruits eaten by rats, counting good fruit (free from rat pest attacks), and weighing the weight of fresh fruit bunches. Parameters observed were the attacktion level in the land, attacktion intensity, production per hectare, environmental sanitation conditions. The rats attacktion rate of 100%, means that all sample in one stretch of plantation have been attackted by rats, it was indicated by a bite scars on the harvested fresh fruit bunches. The attacktion intensity of the bush rat pest was 23%. The average production was 21.6 tons/hectare/year. The sanitation conditions on the land was partially overgrown with weeds and there were piles of midrib in the area between the certain two path of oil palm tree.

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Lignin extraction from oil palm Ttrunk by microwave-alkali technique

Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences ◽

10.11113/mjfas.v10n2.56 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Long Wee Lai ◽

Ani Idris ◽

Noordin Mohd Yusof

Keyword(s):

Oil Palm ◽

Elaeis Guineensis ◽

Sodium Hydroxide Solution ◽

Lignin Content ◽

Mesh Size ◽

Total Content ◽

Coefficient Of Determination ◽

Palm Tree ◽

Level 1 ◽

High Level

The Klason’s lignin content in oil palm tree (Elaeis guineensis) particularly, oil palm trunk (OPT) was intensively investigated in this study. The Microwave-Alkali (Mw-A) pretreatment experiment was designed using Design Expert 7.0 software. The design of experiment (DOE) for this research was established and conducted based on the two-level factorial design with total of eleven runs which included three centre points. All the experimental runs were randomly performed. The independent variables or factors studied were as microwave power, temperature and heating duration and these were coded by high level (+1) and low level (-1) and their corresponding natural variable range were 500-900 watt, 80-100°C and 40-80 min, respectively. The dependent variable or response investigated was the amount of lignin, YL. Prior to Mw-A treatment, the OPT biomass with less than 1.0 mm (mesh size < No.18) were first presoaked in 2.5 mol.L-1 sodium hydroxide solution in the ratio of 1:10 (solid: liquid). The amount of lignin present in the washed and dried filtrate samples was subsequently determined. In this case, the total content of lignin determined for untreated and microwave-alkali treated were 17.87 and 13.87 (g/100g biomass), respectively. The analysis of variance performed indicated that temperature (A) and temperature*time (AB) interaction were statistically significant. For the complete model, the F-value for the model is 20.35 whilst the oefficient of determination, R2 = 0.9862 and adjusted coefficient of determination, RAdj 2 = 0.9377. A reduced model, involving only the significant terms and term supporting the hierarchy, was subsequently developed. This simply show that the lignin content of OPT under Mw-A pretreatment can be modelled and as much as 22.38% reduction of lignin was attained when the microwave experiment was set at 900 watt, 100°C and 80 min, respectively.________________________________________GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

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Trade-offs between ecological impact and economic efficiency of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) fresh fruit bunches production in Indonesia

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/20187404001 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 74 ◽

pp. 04001

Author(s):

Aloysius Suratin ◽

Mahawan Karuniasa

Keyword(s):

Economic Efficiency ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Nutrient Management ◽

Elaeis Guineensis ◽

Ecological Impact ◽

Fresh Fruit ◽

Trade Offs ◽

Elaeis Guineensis Jacq ◽

Fresh Fruit Bunches ◽

Balancing Efficiency

Balancing efficiency and sustainability of fresh fruit bunches (FFB) production remains a critical issue facing by oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) producing countries like Indonesia. To address those issue, we analyze trade-offs of those 2 variables in plantation managed by smallholders and compare the result to the one of the companies. The trade-offs are estimated by dividing the GHG emission to the partial factor productivity (PFP) of FFB production based on data from previous LCA assessment. Our study revealed that current practices implementing by smallholders are economically less efficient and ecologically unsustainable comparing from the FFB production practices implementing by companies. For smallholders, the trade-offs of ecological impact and economic efficiency reached 0.86 kg CO2-eq/kg FFB or 2.6 times from the trade-offs of FFB production by companies (0.33 kg CO2-eq/kg FFB). Several changes in nutrient management such as adjusting the fertilizers rate at smallholders in Sumatera, improving the OER from 0.20 to 0.22 for smallholders and from 0.21 to 0.22 for companies, and applying biochar technology are the most promising practices to minimize the trade-off up to 81%.

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