scholarly journals Typology of Farms and Farmers’ Perception of the Effects of Soil and Water Conservation Practices in Northern Burkina Faso

2019 ◽  
pp. 251-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pale Siébou ◽  
Coulibaly Zoumité Christ Thierry Stephen ◽  
Yonli Djibril ◽  
Mason C. Stephen ◽  
Prasad P.V. Vara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
White Grain

The continuous degradation of agroecosystem is a major concern for Sub-Saharan African countries, particularly Burkina Faso. To fight against this agroecosystem degradation, SWC such as stone rows, grass strips, zaï, filtering dikes, half-moons and agroforestry had been introduced in the Yatenga Province in Northern Burkina Faso several decades ago. Decades after introduction of SWC practices, a survey was conducted with 120 farmers equally distributed in four villages in the region to learn the farmers’ perceptions of the effects of these practices on their farms. Results revealed a higher proportion of men in the study sites (63%) compared to women. The largest difference in proportions between surveyed men and women was observed in Bogoya where only 22% of the surveyed persons were women. The average years of the respondents across villages was 53 years with 57% of farmers being members of at least one farmer organization. The proportion of educated farmers was 73% and those who received training in SWC techniques represented 36%. Results indicated that white grain sorghum and pearl millet were the main crops produced by 95% of farmers and stone rows and zaï were the dominant SWC techniques used by 77-80% of farmers. Data from the survey indicated a fairly high proportion of big ruminant breeders and small ruminant breeders as well. In fact, 79% of farmers bred big ruminants and 78% bred small ruminants. The main beneficial and direct effects of SWC techniques perceived by farmers was their capacity to improve soil fertility, recover soil, reduce water run-off, and allow good water infiltration in the field, thus improving soil productivity. Farmers pointed out indirect effects of SWC practices on livestock by the regeneration and increase of grass, tree and small shrub biomass available to improve animal growth and health. However, some farmers commented that the long-term use of zaï could lead to soil degradation. The study showed that farmers did perceive the beneficial effects of SWC practices and that greater extension and adoption will only be achieved if they could still receive training, financial and equipment supports.

scholarly journals The Costs of Implementing Vaccination With the RTS,S Malaria Vaccine in Five Sub-Saharan African Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 238146831989628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Sicuri ◽  
Fadima Yaya Bocoum ◽  
Justice Nonvignon ◽  
Sergi Alonso ◽  
Bakar Fakih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Candidate Vaccine ◽  
World Health ◽  
Future Price ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Fourth Dose ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Expanded Program On Immunization ◽  
Health Organization

Background. The World Health Organization has recommended pilot implementation of a candidate vaccine against malaria (RTS,S/AS01) in selected sub-Saharan African countries. This exploratory study aimed to estimate the costs of implementing RTS,S in Burkina Faso, Ghana, Kenya, Mozambique, and Tanzania. Methods. Key informants of the expanded program on immunization at all levels in each country were interviewed on the resources required for implementing RTS,S for routine vaccination. Unit prices were derived from the same sources or from international price lists. Incremental costs in 2015 US dollars were aggregated per fully vaccinated child (FVC). It was assumed the four vaccine doses were either all delivered at health facilities or the fourth dose was delivered in an outreach setting. Results. The costs per FVC ranged from US$25 (Burkina Faso) to US$37 (Kenya) assuming a vaccine price of US$5 per dose. Across countries, recurrent costs represented the largest share dominated by vaccines (including wastage) and supply costs. Non-recurrent costs varied substantially across countries, mainly because of differences in needs for hiring personnel, in wages, in cold-room space, and equipment. Recent vaccine introductions in the countries may have had an impact on resource availability for a new vaccine implementation. Delivering the fourth dose in outreach settings raised the costs, mostly fuel, per FVC by less than US$1 regardless of the country. Conclusions. This study provides relevant information for donors and decision makers about the cost of implementing RTS,S. Variations within and across countries are important and the unknown future price per dose and wastage rate for this candidate vaccine adds substantially to the uncertainty about the actual costs of implementation.

scholarly journals Economic Performance of Soil and Water Conservation Practicesin Burkina Faso

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. p38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Coulibaly Z. C. T. Stephen ◽  
Noufe Tiatite ◽  
Pale Siebou ◽  
Yonli Djibril ◽  
Prasad P. V. Vara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Stochastic Frontier Analysis ◽  
Soil And Water Conservation ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Frontier Analysis ◽  
Soil And Water

The continuous degradation of agroecosystems is a major concern for Sub-Saharan African countries, particularly Burkina Faso. To fight against this problem, various research projects and programs have implemented Soil and Water Conservation practices (SWC) in Northern Burkina Faso. The objective of this study was to assess the economic performance of stone rows, grass strips, zaï, filtering dikes, half-moons and agroforestry on agricultural production in this part of Burkina Faso. Stochastic Frontier Analysis was used to estimate SWC’s technical efficiency. Results indicated that the cost for SWC construction did not influence white sorghum and pearl millet yield. However, an increase of 1% in the investment for SWC implementation results in a 0.42% increase in groundnut yield and 0.19% in cowpea yield. Although, the half-moon technique had a positive effect on the farmer’s technical efficiency, the effects of stone rows, filtering dikes, zaï and grass strips were not significant. Given the tremendous efforts that farmers develop to implement these anti-erosion practices, one recommendation is that policy makers strengthen the technical, financial and equipment supports to farmers for efficient implementation of SWC techniques to ensure sustainability of agricultural production systems in Northern Burkina Faso.

scholarly journals Composite Index of Inclusive Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Inclusion of the Informal Sector

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Omang Ombolo Messono ◽  
Nsoga Nsoga Mermoz Homère III
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Informal Sector ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Inclusive Growth ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Positive Growth ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Growth Changes

This paper aims to provide a composite index of inclusive growth in 32 sub-Saharan African countries between 1995 and 2014 by taking into account the importance of the informal sector. Following the principal component analysis methods, we find specifically that except for countries such as Djibouti, Burkina Faso, Mauritius, Nigeria and Zimbabwe, inclusive growth has trended upward over the study period. This trend is non-linear and is characterized by two sub periods. From 1995 to 2005, the composite index of inclusive growth is essentially negative. On the other hand, positive growth in value is recorded over the second sub-period from 2005 to 2014. Overall and on average, these countries have experienced inclusive growth. Moreover, we also note that in countries such as Burkina Faso, Mauritius and Nigeria, on the side-lines of the informal sector inclusive growth has a negative trend. However, when we integrate the informal sector, the trend of inclusive growth changes sign and becomes positive.

scholarly journals Training on Water Conservation and Application of Biopori Holes to Farmers of Palm plantation and Vegetable Farming in Bengkulu Province

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 782
Author(s):  
Hery Haryanto
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Stagnant Water ◽  
Training Activity ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Vegetable Farming

This essay is a summary of training activity of water conservation and application of biopori holes at two villages in Bengkulu Province, i.e. Pering Baru village surrounded by palm cultivation, Suro Lembak dominated by vegetable farming. Both villages were experienced  with shortage of water during dry season, and plenty of water during rainy season. So people from both villages were eager to be trained on water conservation and implementation of biopori hole. Water conservation in palm plantation and vegetable farming were done by making ditches perpendicular with the slope of lands in order to collect run off water, and lead to infiltration. Moreover,  biopori holes could be constructed  around their homes in order to increase water infiltration, and also to be used as organic waste digester for producing composts. This biopori holes protected  from malaria diseases due to no more stagnant water. 

scholarly journals Fertile Ground for Conflict

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Berman ◽  
Mathieu Couttenier ◽  
Raphael Soubeyran
Keyword(s):  
Civil Wars ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Civil Conflicts ◽  
Fertile Ground ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Combine Information ◽  
Input Prices

Abstract We investigate how variations in soil productivity affect civil conflicts. We first present a model with heterogeneous land in which variations in input prices (fertilizers) affect appropriable rents and the opportunity costs of fighting. The theory predicts that spikes in input prices increase the likelihood of conflicts through their effect on income and inequality, and that this effect is magnified when soil fertility is naturally more heterogeneous. We test these predictions using data on conflict events covering all Sub-Saharan African countries at a spatial resolution of 0.5 $\times$ 0.5 degree latitude and longitude over the 1997–2013 period. We combine information on soil characteristics and worldwide variations in fertilizer prices to identify local exogenous changes in input costs. As predicted, variations in soil productivity triggered by variations in fertilizer prices are positively associated with conflicts, especially in cells where land endowments are more heterogeneous. In addition, we find that the distribution of land fertility both within and across ethnic groups affects violence, and that the effect of between-group heterogeneity in soil quality is magnified in densely populated areas. Overall, our findings imply that inequality in access to fertile areas—an issue largely neglected in the literature dealing with the roots of Sub-Saharan African civil wars—constitutes a serious threat to peace at the local level.

scholarly journals Smokeless tobacco use: its prevalence and relationships with dental symptoms, nutritional status and blood pressure among rural women in Burkina Faso

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeoffray Diendéré ◽  
Augustin Nawidimbasba Zeba ◽  
Leon Nikiéma ◽  
Ahmed Kaboré ◽  
Paul Windinpsidi Savadogo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract Background: Sub-Saharan women use smokeless tobacco (SLT) more than smoked tobacco. Among Western African countries, the estimated weighted prevalence of SLT use in rural women was found to be the highest in Burkina Faso (after Sierra Leone). This study aimed to assess the prevalence of SLT use and its associated factors among rural women in Burkina Faso by using nationally representative data.Methods: We used data from the 2013 STEPwise approach to Surveillance (STEPS) study, which provided sociodemographic, clinical (anthropometric, systolic blood pressure [SBP], diastolic blood pressure [DBP] and dental symptoms), biological (total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and fasting blood sugar), and tobacco and alcohol consumption data. Data for 1730 rural women were used, and we performed Student’s chi-squared and logistic regression analyses.Results: The prevalence of current SLT use was 13.8% (95% CI: 12.2-15.5). Significant risks for SLT use were the presence of dental symptoms (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.59; p<0.001), undernourishment (aOR = 1.78; p<0.01), decreased waist circumference (aOR = 0.98; p<0.05), decreased DBP (aOR = 0.97; p<0.01), increased SBP (aOR = 1.01; p<0.05), and increased differential blood pressure (aOR = 1.01; p<0.05). The co-use of alcohol was also a significant risk factor (aOR = 2.80; p<0.001).Conclusion: The prevalence of current SLT use was high among rural women in Burkina Faso, and significant concerns for users included alcohol co-use, the occurrence of dental symptoms, undernourishment, and an increase in differential blood pressure. National Public Health interventions are needed to reduce SLT use and its health-related concerns.

scholarly journals The appropriation of policy changes in higher education by students in sub-Saharan Africa: the case of the Bachelor-Master-Doctorate reform in Burkina Faso

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascal Ramd ◽  
Pierre Lapointe ◽  
Martial Demb
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Education Policy ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Internationalization Of Higher Education ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
African Countries ◽  
French Speaking ◽  
Sub Saharan

Faced with the imperative to adapt to an environment marked by the internationalization of higher education and education policy transfers, universities in French-speaking sub-Saharan African countries adopted in 2006 a new policy called

scholarly journals Comparative Sectoral Efficiency in the Fight Against Poverty and Unemployment in Burkina Faso

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
Patrice Rélouendé Zidouemba
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Public Capital ◽  
Added Value ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Capital Productivity ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, we construct an economy-wide recursive dynamic model for Burkina Faso to explore the impact of scaling up public capital in different aggregate sectors. While several researchers emphasize the importance for sub-Saharan African countries of giving higher priority to agriculture to stimulate economic growth and reduce poverty, some authors state that non-agricultural sectors should now receive special attention following the success achieved in some countries in South Asia. These countries have indeed applied a different paradigm: a program of economic growth and poverty reduction based on non-agricultural sectors. This study aims to provide insights into this debate. It draws from the public capital productivity literature to postulate the positive productive externalities of public investment. The results show that, with the same amount of public investment, financed by the same source, public investment in agriculture yields positive impacts that are significantly higher than those yielded by investments in non-agricultural sectors (industry and services). Added value growth in non-agricultural sectors is higher under public investment in agriculture than in non-agricultural sectors.

scholarly journals Analysis of Convergence of Fiscal Variables in Sub-Saharan African Countries (1981-2007): A Stochastic Technique

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 235-248
Author(s):  
OSENI Isiaq Olasunkanmi
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Economic And Monetary Union ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Ssa Countries ◽  
Secondary Time

The study examined the analysis of convergence of fiscal variables among Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries for the period 1981-2007. Secondary time-series data were used for the study and analysed using econometric techniques. The results showed that there were convergence in Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sierra Leone and Uganda while there were divergence in Burundi, Kenya, Mauritius and South Africa. The study concluded that only Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sierra Leone and Uganda could form Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) as a result of their convergence of Fiscal Variables.

scholarly journals Nutritional Status of Patients with Tuberculosis and Associated Factors in the Health Centre Region of Burkina Faso

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2540
Author(s):  
Beatrice B. Musuenge ◽  
Ghislain G. Poda ◽  
Pei-Chun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Centre Region ◽  
Sub Saharan

Extreme hunger and poverty remain a significant barrier to maintaining a normal and healthy life, and increase the burden of tuberculosis (TB) in sub-Saharan African countries. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence and factors associated with undernutrition among adult patients with TB in Burkina Faso. In the Health Centre Region of Burkina Faso, we conducted a cross-sectional survey with face-to-face interviews of patients aged 15 years and older with TB (n = 302), from March to April 2019. Undernutrition was defined as a body mass index of <18.5 kg/m2. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the correlates of undernutrition. The prevalence of undernutrition was 35.8%, in which severe, moderate, and mild thinness were 7.7%, 8.9%, and 19.5%, respectively. Low food frequency per day (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 3.28, confidence interval [CI]: 1.42–7.55, p = 0.005), human immunodeficiency virus infection (aOR = 6.18, CI: 2.26–16.88, p < 0.001), and diabetes mellitus (aOR = 17.52, 95% CI: 1.88–162.97, p = 0.012) and young age (45–54 years vs. 65 years and older, aOR = 2.93, 95% CI: 1.11–7.70, p = 0.029) were associated with increased odds of undernutrition. We concluded that the assessment of comorbidity and nutritional status should be part of the treatment for adult TB patients.

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