scholarly journals Inhaled antiseptics and inhaled antiviral non-prescription drugs in the prevention of ARVI, in particular COVID-19: an epidemiological study

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-15
Author(s):  
Yu.I. Feshchenko ◽  
M.I. Gumeniuk ◽  
М.І. Lynnyk ◽  
O.Ya. Dziublyk ◽  
M.M. Kuzhko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Epidemiological Study ◽  
Risk Ratio ◽  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Antiviral Drugs ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Relationship

BACKGROUND. The article presents the results of a continuous, cross-sectional, non-interventional, multicenter retrospective epidemiological study, which included cases of 3443 participants. Questionnaires and rapid test for antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 were used to collect data. OBJECTIVE. To determine the relationship between the systematic use of additional drugs for the prevention of COVID-19, including inhaled antiseptics and inhaled antiviral drugs, separately and in combination with other drugs, and the risk of developing of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. 396 participants (11.8 %) took inhaled antiseptics in any period since March 2020, and 410 participants (12.2 %) took inhaled antivirals. A statistically significant protective relationship between episode of COVID-19 when taking inhaled antiseptics and inhaled antiviral drugs (risk ratio 0.901; 95 % confidence interval 0.856-0.948) was determined. CONCLUSIONS. The use of inhaled antiseptics and inhaled antiviral drugs as additional methods of prevention of COVID-19 has shown a statistically significant effect not only on reducing the risk of COVID-19, but different combinations of inhaled antiseptics or inhaled antiviral drugs with other drug groups as additional methods of preventing COVID-19 had a statistically significant protective relationship with the episode of the disease, with the severity of COVID-19 and with the need for hospitalization.

Prevalence of Rotavirus among Iraqi children with diarrhea in Diyala province

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali R. Hameed
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Test Device ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rotavirus Infection ◽  
High Infection ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Rotavirus is the most common cause of acute gastroenteritis in children below five years. Objectives: The aim of this study to evaluate the prevalence of rotavirus among children with diarrhea, the efficacy of Rotavirus Rapid Test Device (RTD)and ELISA and evaluate the relationship between the demographic agent and clinical presentation associated with rotavirus. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at AL-Batool Teaching Hospital in Baqubah, from the first of April 2019 to 31 of March 2020, on (300) children with diarrhea below five years of age. The patients included (n=161, 53.6%) males and (n=139, 46.3%) females. The patient’s age, gender, living area, season, mode of feeding, source of water supply and sterilization, were collected through a questionnaire prepared for this study. The Rapid Test and ELISA are used for the detection of rotavirus in fecal specimens.  Results: The rotavirus antigen was detected in (47.33%) stool specimens by the ELISA test and (59%) by Rotavirus Rapid Test Device (RTD) from (300) children with diarrhea and high infection in the age group between 13-24 months at the rate (49.40%). The highest infection rate in spring was (56.00%) and lower in summer (33.33%). The infection males more than females (42.24% vs. 39.57%). High significant infection among children living in rural areas (55.68%) compared to those living in urban areas (35.48%). According to the clinical features, the results showed the rate of rotavirus infection in children with fever was (54.90%), vomiting (42.03%), those suffering from severe dehydration (48.85) some dehydration 78 (46.15%), however, rotavirus infection was significant with fever only. 

Exposure to Organophosphate Pesticides and Menstrual Cycle Characteristics in Chinese Preconceptional Women

2019 ◽  
Vol 189 (5) ◽  
pp. 375-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Lin Ji ◽  
Yi Hu ◽  
Lap Ah Tse ◽  
Yiwen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Maternity Hospitals ◽  
Diethyl Phosphate ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Organophosphates (OPs) are the most heavily used pesticides in China. The Chinese population, including preconceptional women, is highly exposed, yet little is known regarding the associations between OP exposure and menstruation in humans. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis in women preparing for pregnancy to investigate the relationship between biomarkers of OP exposure and menstrual cycle characteristics. From 2013 to 2015, 627 women visiting free preconception-care clinics at 2 maternity hospitals in Shanghai, China, were included. Information on menstrual cycle characteristics was obtained through questionnaires. OP exposure was assessed by measuring urine concentrations of 6 dialkylphosphate metabolites (dimethylphosphate, dimethylthiophosphate, dimethyldithiophosphate, diethylphosphate, diethylthiophosphate, and diethyldithiophosphate). The relationship between concentrations of dialkylphosphate metabolites and menstrual cycle characteristics was analyzed using multiple linear regression models and logistic regression models. Log-transformed levels of diethyl phosphate metabolites (the sum of diethylphosphate and diethylthiophosphate levels) were related to a higher risk of irregularity of menstrual cycles (adjusted odds ratio = 2.36, 95% confidence interval: 1.28, 4.34). Subjects with a higher concentration of diethyl phosphate metabolites (log-transformed) had a shorter duration of menstrual bleeding (adjusted β = −0.33, 95% confidence interval: −0.64, −0.02). The findings suggest that OP exposure may be associated with alterations in menstrual function in preconceptional women.

scholarly journals Systematic Review: Hubungan Personal Hygiene dengan Kejadian Skabies di Pondok Pesantren

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-58
Author(s):  
Egidia Setya Fitriani ◽  
Ratna Dewi Indi Astuti ◽  
Dede Setiapriagung
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Boarding Schools ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Global Health Problem

Skabies adalah penyakit yang masih menjadi masalah kesehatan global. Penyakit skabies masuk ke dalam 12 penyakit yang sering terjadi di Indonesia. Skabies dapat terjadi akibat beberapa faktor risiko salah satunya adalah personal hygiene. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan personal hygiene dengan kejadian skabies di Pondok Pesantren. Metode adalah Systematic review dengan kata kunci “personal hygiene” dan “kejadian skabies” pada santri di Pondok Pesantren dengan desain penelitian cross-sectional sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi, dilakukan skrining menggunakan kriteria kelayakan ( Eligibility Criteria ) yang terdiri atas P (Population) santri di Pondok Pesantren, I (Intervention) kuesioner untuk menilai personal hygiene, C (Comparation) membandingkan personal hygiene yang baik dengan buruk dan O (Outcome) hubungan personal hygiene dengan kejadian skabies serta artikel yang lolos critical apprisal. Hasil penelitian, penderita skabies di Pondok Pesantren sebesar 46,8% dengan confidence interval 95% adalah 44,8 – 48,8%,  personal hygiene yang buruk pada santri sebanyak 42,5% dengan confidence interval 95% adalah 40,4 – 44,6% dan terdapat 24 dari 27 artikel menyatakan terdapat hubungan personal hygiene dengan kejadian skabies di pondok pesantren  Kesimpulan, personal hygiene berhubungan dengan kejadian skabies. Systematic review: the Relationship of Personal Hygiene and the Incidence of Scabies in Boarding SchoolScabies is a disease that is still a global health problem. Scabies is one of the 12 most common diseases in Indonesia. Scabies can occur due to several risk factors, one of which is personal hygiene. Purpose: This study aims to determine the relationship of personal hygiene with the incidence of scabies in Islamic boarding schools. Methods: Systematic review  with the keywords "personal hygiene" and "scabies incidence" in students at Islamic boarding schools with a cross-sectional research design in accordance with inclusion and exclusion criteria, screening using Eligibility Criteria. consisting of P (Population) of students at Islamic boarding schools, I (Intervention) questionnaire to assess personal hygiene, C (Comparation) comparing good and bad personal hygiene and O (Outcome) the relationship of personal hygiene with the incidence of scabies and articles that pass critical apprisal. Results: The number of scabies sufferers in Islamic boarding schools was 46.8% with a 95% confidence interval was 44.8 – 48.8%, poor personal hygiene among the students was 42.5% with a 95% confidence interval was 40.4 – 44.6% and 24 out of 27 articles stated that there was a relationship between personal hygiene and the incidence of scabies in Islamic boarding schools. Conclusion: Personal hygiene is related to the incidence of scabies.

scholarly journals Facebook usage and risk of poor social capital

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 20-32
Author(s):  
Thanh Van Ly
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Risk Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Network Site ◽  
Facebook Usage ◽  
The Relationship

Recently, researchers have shown an increased interest in the relationship between Social Network Site (SNS) and Social Capital (SC) [1]–[3]. However, there have been no studies which compare differences in risk of poor social capital of SNS users. This paper will focus on the relationship between three features of Facebook usage (online time, friends and emotion) and risk of poor SC. In addition, this paper will also examine the relationship between measure of cognitive “important of social capital” and risk of poor SC. This cross-sectional study collected 288 survey of Vietnamese Facebook users, who were conventional sampled. We classified users into two groups poor SC and rich SC based on median. Other variables such as Online time, Friends, Emotion and Cognitive were classified into two groups based on median values. We compared risk of poor SC for each group. Group A1 (friends ≤ 200) ratio of poor SC was 13.55% larger than group B1 (friends > 200). Risk ratio A1:B1 was 1.27 (63.1% vs 48.6%; 95% CI: 1.02— 1.59) and proportion test ratio poor of SC A1 greater than ratio poor of SC B1 was P-value = 0.017. Group A2 (daily online time ≤ 30 minutes) ratio of poor SC was 9.08% larger than group B2 (daily online time > 30 minutes). Risk ratio A2:B2 was 1.17 (62.9% vs 50.8%; 95% CI: 0.95—1.53) and proportion test ratio of poor SC A2 > B2 was P-value = 0.08. Group A3 (average emotion ≤ 3.17) ratio of poor SC was 27.4% larger than group B3 (average emotion > 3.17). Risk ratio A3:B3 was 1.62 (70.7% vs 43.6%; 95% CI: 1.3—2.02) and proportion test ratio of poor SC A3 > B3 was P-value < 0.001. Group A4 (average cognitive ≤ 3.75) ratio of poor SC was 26.91% larger than group B4 (average cognitive > 3.75). Risk ratio A4:B4 was 1.6 (72.1% vs 44.6%; 95% CI: 1.30— 1.96) and proportion test ratio of poor SC A4 < B4 was P-value < 0.001. Emotion of Facebook activity and cognitive “important of social capital” may reduce ratio of poor SC of users. Individuals should focus to these factors to gain SC (one factor based on SNS and one factor none related SNS). It seems that online time and number of Facebook friends have a little benefit for users.

scholarly journals An Internet-based survey of the dance fitness program OULA

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 205031211879042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy Hellem ◽  
Hayden Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Stress Relief ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Primary Reason ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fitness Program ◽  
Demographic Composition ◽  
Top 40 ◽  
The Relationship

Background: OULA is a high-energy dance workout to top 40 hits that is inspired by yoga and non-impact aerobics. Created in Missoula, Montana, the program has been gaining national and international popularity. To understand the demographic composition, reasons for attending OULA, and experiences with depression/anxiety, we conducted an Internet-based survey. Methods: A pilot descriptive cross-sectional Internet-based survey was created in Qualtrics and distributed through social media and flyers. Results: The 38-item survey received responses from 302 participants. Current OULA participants chose “exercise” as the primary reason for attending (40.2%, 95% confidence interval: 33.3–48.2), followed by “stress relief/improve mood” (28.8%, 95% confidence interval: 23.0–35.6). Participants listed “stress relief/improve mood” as the most common secondary (35.6%, 95% confidence interval: 29.0–43.2) and tertiary (38.6%, 95% confidence interval: 31.7–46.7) reason for attending OULA. A majority of the participants said that OULA makes them feel like part of a community (93.2%, 95% confidence interval: 82.5–105.1) and increases their energy outside of class (80.1%, 95% confidence interval: 70.2–91.1). In our sample, 12.5% (95% confidence interval: 8.8–17.1) and 9.0% (95% confidence interval: 5.9–12.9) were currently taking antidepressants and anxiolytics, respectively. Conclusion: These results suggest that current OULA participants are already using the program to relieve stress or improve mood. Further research should be conducted to understand the relationship between OULA and depression/anxiety.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Diarrhoea in Infants and its Relation to Feeding and Weaning Practices

JMS SKIMS ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-21
Author(s):  
Ramesh Chander ◽  
Puja Vimesh ◽  
Shyam Singh
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Epidemiological Study ◽  
Artificial Feeding ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Education And Awareness ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Breast Fed

Diarrhoea is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in infants in developing countries, because of diverse factors associated with it. OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship of diarrhoea with feeding and weaning practices. METHODS: In this Cross-sectional epidemiological study, 704 infants and their mothers were studied for feeding and weaning practices using semi-structured closed ended questionnaire. RESULTS: Prevalence of diarrhea was observed lowest among exclusive breast fed (3.9%) and highest among mixed fed including supplementary feeding (15.2%). Artificial feeding was prevalent in 9.2%. Consumption of leftover food was accompanied by double the prevalence (21.89%) as compared to those who did not consume such food (10.1%). CONCLUSIONS: Education and awareness of mothers regarding breast feeding, can help decrease the prevalence of diarroea in infants and associated morbidity and mortality. JMS 2011;14(1):19-21

scholarly journals Assessment of obesity and central obesity among patients with knee osteoarthritis in Al-Sadder Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-117
Author(s):  
Berq J. Hadi Al-Yasseri ◽  
Ayad Ali Radi ◽  
Mohammed Abdul Ridha Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Risk Ratio ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Obese individuals are at increased risk for many chronic and life-threating conditions. The most significant burden on the musculoskeletal system resulted from osteoarthritis, mainly knee osteoarthritis. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of obesity and central obesity among a group of patients with knee osteoarthritis, analyze the effect of demographic variables, and examine the relationship between these two types of obesity. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Al-Sadder hospital in Baghdad from June through September 2017. A convenience sample of 200 patients with knee osteoarthritis was collected. Those with body mass index (BMI) equal to or more than (30 kg/m2) considered obese. The cutoff point for central obesity was the waist-hip ratio (WHR) above (0.9) for men and above (0.85) for women. The risk ratio and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) calculated to determine the strength of the relationship. P-value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.  Results: The number of obese patients, according to BMI, was 163 (81.5%). For central obesity, the men and women with unhealthy WHR were 53 (96.4%) and 131 (10.3%), respectively. No significant difference in the rate of obesity among age groups (p= 0.986). Central obesity is significantly lower in those less than 45 years (p=0.023). In men, the risk of obese to have central obesity is (1.06) with no significant association (95% CI = 0.89 - 1.27, P = 0.481). In women, risk ratio = 1.56 and association is significant (95% CI = 1.03 - 1.36, P = 0.037). Conclusion: The increasing age was associated with a rise in the rate of central obesity, but not with obesity. The overlap between the two types of obesity was evident and significant only in women.

scholarly journals Exact inference for the risk ratio with an imperfect diagnostic test

2016 ◽  
Vol 145 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-193
Author(s):  
J. REICZIGEL ◽  
J. SINGER ◽  
ZS. LANG
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Risk Ratio ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Reference Population ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Differential Misclassification ◽  
Estimated Risk

SUMMARYThe risk ratio quantifies the risk of disease in a study population relative to a reference population. Standard methods of estimation and testing assume a perfect diagnostic test having sensitivity and specificity of 100%. However, this assumption typically does not hold, and this may invalidate naive estimation and testing for the risk ratio. We propose procedures that control for sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic test, given the risks are measured by proportions, as it is in cross-sectional studies or studies with fixed follow-up times. These procedures provide an exact unconditional test and confidence interval for the true risk ratio. The methods also cover the case when sensitivity and specificity differ in the two groups (differential misclassification). The resulting test and confidence interval may be useful in epidemiological studies as well as in clinical and vaccine trials. We illustrate the method with real-life examples which demonstrate that ignoring sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic test may lead to considerable bias in the estimated risk ratio.

scholarly journals Hubungan Pola Makan dengan Kejadian Depresi pada Penderita Dispepsia Fungsional

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Yuriko Andre ◽  
Rizanda Machmud ◽  
Arina Widya Murni
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Functional Dyspepsia ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Eating Patterns ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Computerized System

AbstrakKetidakteraturan makan seperti kebiasaan makan yang buruk, tergesa-gesa, dan jadwal yang tidak teratur dapat menyebabkan dispepsia. Penderita depresi harus ditangani dengan sungguh-sungguh karena dikhawatirkan penderita depresi sangat tidak memperhatikan kesehatan dirinya seperti tidak mematuhi pola makan atau pola makannya menjadi tidak teratur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pola makan dengan kejadian depresi pada penderita dispepsia fungsional. Penelitian bersifat analitik dengan desain cross sectional. Subjek penelitian adalah 40 orang penderita dispepsia fungsional. Penelitian dilakukan di kota Padang dengan menggunakan data pasien dispepsia fungsional bulan Januari-Desember 2011. Pengumpulan data dilakukan pada periode Juni-November 2012 dan pengolahan data dilakukan dengan uji korelasi menggunakan sistem komputerisasi. Hasil penelitian didapatkan nilai peluang Odd Ratio (OR) dengan Confidence Interval (CI) 95% pada penderita depresi berpeluang sebesar 4.500 kali lebih besar memiliki pola makan tidak teratur dibandingkan dengan tidak depresi serta menunjukkan derajat hubungan yang cukup kuat dengan tarif signifikansi (p) 0.025 (p < 0.05). Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara pola makan dengan kejadian depresi pada penderita dispepsia fungsional.Kata kunci: pola makan, depresi, dispepsia fungsionalAbstractIrregularity of meals as poor eating habits, unhurried, and irregular schedules may cause dyspepsia. Patients with depression should be treated seriously because it was feared people with depression do not pay attention to their own health so as not to comply with the diet or eating patterns become irregular. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship of diet to the incidence of depression in patients with functional dyspepsia. The research is analytic cross sectional design. The subjects were 40 people of functional dyspepsia patients. The study was conducted in the Padang City with functional dyspepsia patients using data from January to December 2011. Data collection was conducted during the period of June to November 2012 and the data processing used correlation test by computerized system. The result was the probability odds ratios (OR) with 95% Confidence Interval (CI) in patients with depression were 4,500 times more likely to have irregular diet compared with non-depressed ones and showed a strong degree of correlation with the significance of correlation (p) 0.025 (p <0.05). There is a significant relationship between the diet and the incidence of depression in patients with functional dyspepsia.Keywords:diet, depression, functional dyspepsia

scholarly journals Relationship of Venous Clinical Severity Score with Reflux and Leg Vein Diameters Based on Ultrasonography in Women Workers with Risk Factors

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-17
Author(s):  
Patrianef Darwis ◽  
I Made Arya Winatha ◽  
Aria Kekalih
Keyword(s):  
Women Workers ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Venous Insufficiency ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Venous Clinical Severity Score ◽  
Venous Diameter ◽  
Vein Diameter ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: In 2010, the American Venous Forum developed a Venous Clinical Severity Score (VCSS) scoring system to assess the severity of Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI), where this system was said to be more comprehensive than the CEAP system. However, VCSS validation was still lacking. The purpose of this study was to examine VCSS for reflux and leg vein diameter based on ultrasonography. Method: This study was a cross-sectional diagnostic test on women workers with standing work positions of 114 people (228 limbs). VCSS assessment and ultrasound examinations were carried out on all subjects. The relationship between VCSS with reflux and leg vein diameter was analyzed using an odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval. This study was a cross-sectional diagnostic test on women workers with standing work positions of 114 people (228 limbs). VCSS assessment and ultrasound examinations were carried out on all subjects. The relationship between VCSS with reflux and leg vein diameter was analyzed using an odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval. Results: From 228 examined limbs, the VCSS score of 0-3 was 18.4%, and the score of ≥4 was 81.6%. Reflux was found in 21.9% of the limbs. There was a significant relationship between VCSS and reflux in leg veins. The diameter of the great saphenous vein was between 2.1-12.2 mm, the femoral vein was 7.1-17 mm, the popliteal vein as 3-11.4, and the small saphenous vein was 1.7-7mm. When VCSS was analyzed for association with venous diameter, a significant relationship was found. VCSS sensitivity compared with reflux based on USG was 78%, specificity was 98.31%, positive predictive value was 92.86%, and the negative predictive value was 93.86%. Conclusion: From the results of this study, it was concluded that the VCSS score could be used as a method for assessing chronic venous insufficiency. Although VCSS is was to assess the severity of the chronic venous disease, VCSS can also be used for screening because it shows a good relationship with the reflux and venous diameter of the limbs based on ultrasound. Keywords: VCSS, CVI, vein reflux, leg vein diameter

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