scholarly journals Comparative study of methane oxidation within various biofilter media

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sepideh Nourbakhsh
Keyword(s):  
Methane Oxidation ◽  
Landfill Gas ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Bacterial Development ◽  
Methane Gas ◽  
Sand Control ◽  
Oxidation Efficiency ◽  
Methane Utilization ◽  
Bod Removal ◽  
Over Time

A considerable fraction of the methane gas generated by landfills can be oxidized by the landfill cover. In this study, the use of disposable sawdust material to utilize and reduce methane gas from the landfill gas (LFG) was demonstrated. Three laboratory scale bioreactors were constructed to reflect the performance of sawdust with respect to the compost and sand (control media). Patterns of methane (CH₄) oxidation were evaluated through the degree of methane oxidation in correlation to the bacterial development in all three media. Later, the use of nutrients during the respiration of the bacteria was interpreted through the analysis of chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and biomass growth variations. The overall methane oxidation efficiency in the sawdust medium was 60% with a biomass content of 238 g/m³, whereas the compost medium had 86% methane oxidation efficiency with a 539 g/m³ biomass content. Furthermore, the COS and BOD removal were 2555 mg/L and 332 mg/L from the compost, and 1984 mg/L and 156 mg/L from the sawdust respectively. The overall results of this study indicated that the sawdust material can be used as a biofilter media for methane utilization from the landfill. The oxidation capacity of sawdust could be accelerated by adding necessary nutrients to this media before implementation. Moreover, the oxidation rate variance between compost and sawdust may be eliminated over time due to nutrient exhaustion in the compost media, and/or production of usable carbon with decomposition of the sawdust media.

scholarly journals Comparative study of methane oxidation within various biofilter media

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sepideh Nourbakhsh
Keyword(s):  
Methane Oxidation ◽  
Landfill Gas ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Bacterial Development ◽  
Methane Gas ◽  
Sand Control ◽  
Oxidation Efficiency ◽  
Methane Utilization ◽  
Bod Removal ◽  
Over Time

A considerable fraction of the methane gas generated by landfills can be oxidized by the landfill cover. In this study, the use of disposable sawdust material to utilize and reduce methane gas from the landfill gas (LFG) was demonstrated. Three laboratory scale bioreactors were constructed to reflect the performance of sawdust with respect to the compost and sand (control media). Patterns of methane (CH₄) oxidation were evaluated through the degree of methane oxidation in correlation to the bacterial development in all three media. Later, the use of nutrients during the respiration of the bacteria was interpreted through the analysis of chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and biomass growth variations. The overall methane oxidation efficiency in the sawdust medium was 60% with a biomass content of 238 g/m³, whereas the compost medium had 86% methane oxidation efficiency with a 539 g/m³ biomass content. Furthermore, the COS and BOD removal were 2555 mg/L and 332 mg/L from the compost, and 1984 mg/L and 156 mg/L from the sawdust respectively. The overall results of this study indicated that the sawdust material can be used as a biofilter media for methane utilization from the landfill. The oxidation capacity of sawdust could be accelerated by adding necessary nutrients to this media before implementation. Moreover, the oxidation rate variance between compost and sawdust may be eliminated over time due to nutrient exhaustion in the compost media, and/or production of usable carbon with decomposition of the sawdust media.

scholarly journals Methane Oxidation Efficiency in Biofiltration Systems with Different Moisture Content Treating Diluted Landfill Gas

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2872
Author(s):  
Niccolò Frasi ◽  
Elena Rossi ◽  
Isabella Pecorini ◽  
Renato Iannelli
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Methane Oxidation ◽  
Landfill Gas ◽  
Bacterial Activity ◽  
Column Tests ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Optimal Value ◽  
Ch4 Concentration ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Oxidation Efficiency

This study investigates the influence of moisture content on the potential oxidation efficiency of methane (CH4) of biofiltration systems treating landfill gas containing high oxygen concentrations. Column tests filled with compost with different moisture contents (20%, 30%, and 40%) loaded with different methane flows were set up on a laboratory scale. Analyzing the results the following evidences can be summarized: With low methane load (<100 g CH4 m−2 d−1), a moisture content of 20% was not enough to support bacterial activity, while a moisture content of 40% advantaged the compost respiration assisting it to become the dominating process; with higher methane load (100–300 g CH4 m−2 d−1), a moisture content of 30% resulted in an optimal value to support methanotrophic activity showing the highest CH4 concentration reduction; moving on to a CH4 load above 300 g CH4 m−2 d−1, the inhibition of methanotrophic activity emerged independently to the moisture content of the filter media. The optimal configuration is obtained for a moisture content of 30% and in the case of flows below 200 g CH4 m−2 d−1 for which the oxidation efficiency results higher than 80%.

scholarly journals PEMANFAATAN POTENSI GAS METANA DI PABRIK KELAPA SAWIT SEI SILAU, PTPN3, SUMATERA UTARA

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 459
Author(s):  
Irhan Febijanto
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ghg Emission ◽  
Global Warming Impact ◽  
Methane Gas ◽  
Palm Oil Mill ◽  
Water Waste

Water waste in Palm Oil Mill (POM) is not effectively utilized yet. Before waste water discharge from POM, the waste water is processed by an aerobic treatment in several ponds to decrease the influence of organic matter. Methane gas generated in the anaerobic ponds is a Green Gas House giving a contribution to global warming impact. In Palm Oil Mill of Sei Silau located in North Sumatera, the potential generated methane gas in two anaerobic ponds has been investigated using measurement of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) of waste water in the sites. Based on the potential generated methane gas, the reduction of GHG emission is calculated, and the feasibility of the project as CDM project was evaluated.Keywords : Pabrik Kelapa Sawit, gas metana, gas rumah kaca, proyek CDM (CleanDevelopment Mechanism),, COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand)

scholarly journals Enhanced Nitrogen Removal from Domestic Wastewater by Partial-Denitrification/Anammox in an Anoxic/Oxic Biofilm Reactor

Processes ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Yu Huang ◽  
Yongzhen Peng ◽  
Donghui Huang ◽  
Jiarui Fan ◽  
Rui Du
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Carbon Demand ◽  
Oxidation Efficiency

A partial-denitrification coupling with anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process (PD/A) in a continuous-flow anoxic/oxic (A/O) biofilm reactor was developed to treat carbon-limited domestic wastewater (ammonia (NH4+-N) of 55 mg/L and chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 148 mg/L in average) for about 200 days operation. Satisfactory NH4+-N oxidation efficiency above 95% was achieved with rapid biofilm formation in the aerobic zone. Notably, nitrite (NO2−-N) accumulation was observed in the anoxic zone, mainly due to the insufficient electron donor for complete nitrate (NO3−-N) reduction. The nitrate-to-nitrite transformation ratio (NTR) achieved was as high as 64.4%. After the inoculation of anammox-enriched sludge to anoxic zones, total nitrogen (TN) removal was significantly improved from 37.3% to 78.0%. Anammox bacteria were effectively retained in anoxic biofilm utilizing NO2−-N produced via the PD approach and NH4+-N in domestic wastewater, with the relative abundance of 5.83% for stable operation. Anammox pathway contributed to TN removal by a high level of 38%. Overall, this study provided a promising method for mainstream nitrogen removal with low energy consumption and organic carbon demand.

scholarly journals Role of Landfill Cover in Reducing Methane Emission

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yucheng Cao ◽  
Ewelina Staszewska
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Methane Oxidation ◽  
Landfill Gas ◽  
Oxidation Potential ◽  
Landfill Cover ◽  
High Fraction ◽  
Engineered Landfill

Abstract Uncontrolled emissions of landfill gas may contribute significantly to climate change, since its composition represents a high fraction of methane, a greenhouse gas with 100- year global warming potential 25 times that of carbon dioxide. Landfill cover could create favourable conditions for methanotrophy (microbial methane oxidation), an activity of using bacteria to oxidize methane to carbon dioxide. This paper presents a brief review of methanotrophic activities in landfill cover. Emphasis is given to the effects of cover materials, environmental conditions and landfill vegetation on the methane oxidation potential, and to their underlying effect mechanisms. Methanotrophs communities and methane oxidation kinetics are also discussed. Results from the overview suggest that well-engineered landfill cover can substantially increase its potential for reducing emissions of methane produced in landfill to the atmosphere.

scholarly journals Energy substrate utilization with and without exogenous carbohydrate intake in boys and men exercising in the heat

2016 ◽  
Vol 121 (5) ◽  
pp. 1127-1134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela T. Leites ◽  
Giovani S. Cunha ◽  
Lisa Chu ◽  
Flavia Meyer ◽  
Brian W. Timmons
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Oxidation Rate ◽  
Substrate Utilization ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Endogenous Substrate ◽  
Oxidation Efficiency ◽  
Over Time

Little is known about energy yield during exercise in the heat in boys compared with men. To investigate substrate utilization with and without exogenous carbohydrate (CHOexo) intake, seven boys [11.2 ± 0.2 (SE) yr] and nine men (24.0 ± 1.1 yr) cycled (4 × 20-min bouts) at a fixed metabolic heat production ( Ḣ p) per unit body mass (6 W/kg) in a climate chamber (38°C and 50% relative humidity), on two occasions. Participants consumed a 13C-enriched 8% CHO beverage (CARB) or placebo beverage (CONT) in a double-blinded, counterbalanced manner. Substrate utilization was calculated for the last 60 min of exercise. CHOexo oxidation rate (2.0 ± 0.3 vs. 2.5 ± 0.2 mg·kg fat-free mass−1·min−1, P = 0.02) and CHOexo oxidation efficiency (12.8 ± 0.6 vs. 16.0 ± 0.9%, P = 0.01) were lower in boys compared with men exercising in the heat. Total carbohydrate (CHOtotal), endogenous CHO (CHOendo), and total fat (Fattotal) remained stable in boys and men ( P > 0.05) during CARB, whereas CHOtotal oxidation rate decreased ( P < 0.001) and Fattotal oxidation rate increased over time similarly in boys and men during CONT ( P < 0.001). The relative contribution of CHOexo to total energy yield increased over time in both groups ( P < 0.001). In conclusion, endogenous substrate metabolism and the relative contribution of fuels to total energy yield were not different between groups. The ingestion of a CHO beverage during exercise in the heat may be as beneficial for boys as men to spare endogenous substrate.

scholarly journals Landfill GHG Reduction through Different Microbial Methane Oxidation Biocovers

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabella Pecorini ◽  
Renato Iannelli
Keyword(s):  
Methane Oxidation ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Msw Compost ◽  
Ghg Reduction ◽  
Global Impacts ◽  
Final Covers ◽  
Oxidation Efficiency ◽  
Specific Oxidation

Emissions from daily and final covers of municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills can produce significant impacts on local and global environments. Simplifying, landfills can cause local impacts with odor emissions and global impacts with GHGs. This work focuses on hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and methane (CH4) emissions, with the aim of studying how it is possible to reduce their impacts by means of biofiltration systems. Both field and laboratory investigations have been carried out in Casa Rota Landfill (Tuscany, Italy). In the field trials, four pilot-scale biocovers made of compost from a source-selected organic fraction (SS compost), compost from a mechanical biological treatment plant—the residual fractions of the MSW, a mixed compost (SS-MSW compost) and sand were monitored in the daily cover area of the landfill, where high emissions were detected. Results showed that high CH4 and H2S emissions reductions occurred in the mixed SS-MSW compost plot, given a maximum methane oxidation efficiency of greater than 98% and an average oxidation efficiency of about 75%. To assess the specific oxidation rate, laboratory tests using SS-MSW compost sampled from the biocovers were done.

scholarly journals Mitigation of Methane, NMVOCs and Odor Emissions in Active and Passive Biofiltration Systems at Municipal Solid Waste Landfills

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 3203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabella Pecorini ◽  
Elena Rossi ◽  
Renato Iannelli
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Landfill Gas ◽  
Emission Mitigation ◽  
Oxidation Of Methane ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Odor Emissions ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste Landfills ◽  
Odor Activity Value ◽  
Oxidation Efficiency ◽  
Solid Waste Landfills

Biofiltration systems are emerging technological solutions for the removal of methane and odors from landfill gas when flaring is no longer feasible. This work analyzed and compared two full-scale biofiltration systems: biofilter and biowindows. The emission mitigation of methane, non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) and odors during a two-year management and monitoring period was studied. In addition to diluted methane, more than 50 NMVOCs have been detected in the inlet raw landfill gas and the sulfur compounds resulted in the highest odor activity value. Both systems, biofilter and biowindows, were effective for the oxidation of methane (58.1% and 88.05%, respectively), for the mitigation of NMVOCs (higher than 80%) and odor reduction (99.84% and 93.82% respectively). As for the biofilter monitoring, it was possible to define the oxidation efficiency trend and in fact to guarantee that for an oxidation efficiency of 80%, the methane load must be less than 6.5 g CH4/m2h with an oxidation rate of 5.2 g CH4/m2h.

scholarly journals Viability of a Single-Stage Unsaturated-Saturated Granular Activated Carbon Biofilter for Greywater Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 8847
Author(s):  
Ahmed Sharaf ◽  
Bing Guo ◽  
David C. Shoults ◽  
Nicholas J. Ashbolt ◽  
Yang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Feeding Strategy ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Single Stage ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand Removal ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Sewage Source

Compared with conventionally collected sewage, source-diverted greywater has a higher potential for on-site treatment and reuse due to its lower contaminant levels and large volume. A new design of granular activated carbon (GAC) biofilters was developed by incorporating unsaturated and saturated zones in a single stage to introduce an efficient, passive, and easy-to-operate technology for greywater on-site treatment at the household scale. The design was customized for its intended application considering various aspects including the reactor’s configuration, packing media, and feeding strategy. With the highest hydraulic and organic loadings of 1.2 m3 m−2 d−1 and 3.5 kg COD m−2 d−1, respectively, and the shortest retention time of 2.4 h, the system maintained an average total chemical oxygen demand removal rate of 94% with almost complete removal of nutrients throughout its 253 days of operation. The system showed a range of reduction efficacy towards five surrogates representing viruses, bacteria, and Cryptosporidium and Giardia (oo)cysts. A well-functioning biofilm was successfully developed, and its mass and activity increased over time with the highest values observed at the top layers. The key microbes within the biofilter were revealed. Feasibility of the proposed technology was investigated, and implications for design and operation were discussed.

Performance evaluation of subsurface wastewater infiltration system in treating domestic sewage

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 713-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying-Hua Li ◽  
Hai-Bo Li ◽  
Jing Pan ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Tie-Heng Sun
Keyword(s):  
Operation Mode ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
One Year ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Over Time

This study was to investigate domestic treatment efficiency of a subsurface wastewater infiltration (SWI) system over time. The performances of a young SWI system (in Shenyang University, China, fully operated for one year) and a mature SWI system (in Shenyang Normal University, China, fully operated for seven years) under the same operation mode were contrasted through field-scale experiments for one year. The performance assessment for these systems is based on physical and chemical parameters collected. The removal efficiencies within the young system were relatively high if compared with the mature one: for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended solids (SS), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and total phosphorus (TP) were 95.0, 89.1, 98.1, 87.6 and 98.4%, respectively. However, the removal efficiencies decreased over time. The mean removal efficiencies for the mature SWI system were as follows: BOD (89.6%), COD (87.2%), SS (82.6%), NH3-N (69.1%) and TP (74.4%). The results indicate that the mature SWI system successfully removed traditional pollutants such as BOD from domestic wastewater. However, the nutrient reduction efficiencies (including NH3-N and TP) decreased after seven years of operation of the mature SWI system. Meanwhile, the SWI system did not decrease the receiving surface water quality.

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