scholarly journals EMPIRICAL STUDY OF PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOR FEATURES OF STUDENTS OF PSYCHOLOGY DEPARTMENT

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-29
Author(s):  
Volkov D.S. ◽  
Chernykh O.A.
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychology Department ◽  
Life Orientation Test ◽  
Life Orientation ◽  
Orientation Test ◽  
Mental Health Stability

Purpose. To study theoretically and investigate empirically the psychological correlates of prosocial behavior of psychology department students.Methods. The following methods were used in the study: questionnaire O.O. Prokhorov (RPSO, 1998) “Relief of the mental state of the individual”,“The Mental Health Continuum – Short Form”, 2014) by K. Keys in the adaptation of E.L.Nоsеnко, А.G. Chetveryk-Burchak, “Test of dispositional optimism” (Life Orientation Test – LOT, 1985) by C. Carver, M. Scheyer in the adaptation of T.O. Gordeeva, O.A.Sychovа, Е.M. Osina, “Measurement of prosocial tendencies” G. Carlo, B. Randall in the adaptation of N.V. Kukhtova, 2002. For mathematical and statistical data processing, the r-Pearson correlation coefficient in the IBM SPSS Statistics 26 package was used. The study involved 75 students of Department general psychology and pathopsychology from Oles Honchar Dnipro National University. The study involved first-and second-year students.Results. There is a negative correlation between public prosocial behavior and physiological responses; between anonymous prosocial behavior and social well-being and overall mental health stability; a positive correlation between optimism and altruistic prosocial behavior; between emergency prosocial behavior and hedonistic, social well-being, an overall indicator of mental health stability; between altruistic prosocial behavior and hedonistic well-being.Conclusions. The article formulates a definition and provides a brief overview of domestic and foreign approaches to the study of prosocial behavior and the factors that mediate it. Modern directions of researches of prosocial behavior are defined. Peculiarities of prosocial behavior of students-psychologists are analyzed. The correlations between prosocial behavior and personal characteristics, mental health for a student of psychology department have been revealed. The prospects of the research are to determine the role of personal maturity and individual religiosity in determining the manifestation of prosocial behavior among adults and youth in Ukraine.Key words: mental health stability, psychologists, personality traits, altruism, optimism. Мета. Теоретично обґрунтувати та емпірично дослідити психологічні кореляти просоціальної поведінки студентів-психологів.Методи. У дослідженні були використані методики: опитувальник О.О. Прохорова (РПСО, 1998) «Рельєф психічного стану особистості», «Стабільність психічного здоров’я – коротка форма» (The Mental Health Continuum – Short Form, 2014) К. Кіза в адаптації Е.Л. Носенко, А.Г. Четверик-Бурчак, «Тест диспозиційного оптимізму» Ч. Карвера, М. Шейера в адаптації Т.О. Гордеєвої, О.А. Сичова, Є.М.. Осіна (Life Orientation Test – LOT, 1985), Методика «Вимірювання просоціальних тенденцій» Г. Карло, Б. Рендалл в адаптації Н.В. Кухтової, 2002. Математико-статистична обробка даних здійснювалась за допомогою коефіцієнта кореляції r-Пірсона в пакеті IBM SPSS Statistics 26.У дослідженні взяли участь 75 студентів-психологів Дніпровського національного університету імені Олеся Гончара. У дослідженні брали участь студенти першого та другого курсу.Результати. Встановлено від’ємний кореляційний зв’язок між публічною просоціальною поведінкою та фізіологічними реакціями, між анонімною просоціальною поведінкою та соціальним благопо-луччям і загальним показником стабільності психічного здоров’я та додатні кореляційні зв’язки між оптимізмом та альтруїстичною просоціальною поведінкою; між екстреною просоціальною поведінкою та гедоністичним, соціальним благополуччям, загальним показником стабільності психічного здоров’я; між альтруїстичною просоціальною поведінкою та гедоністичним благополуччям.Висновки. У статті сформульовано визначення та наведено стислий огляд вітчизняних та зарубіжних підходів до дослідження просоціальної поведінки та факторів, що її опосередковують. Визначено сучасні напрямки досліджень просоціальної поведінки. Проаналізовано особливості просоціальної поведінки студентів-психологів. Виявлено кореляційні зв’язки просоціальної поведінки та особи-стісних властивостей, психічного здоров’я для студента-психолога. Визначено перспективи подаль-ших досліджень, що полягають у визначенні ролі особистісної зрілості та індивідуальної релігійності у детермінації прояву просоціальної поведінки серед осіб зрілого віку та молоді в Україні.Ключові слова: стабільність психічного здоров’я, психологи, особистісні властивості, альтруїзм, оптимізм.

Development and usefulness of a virtual reality-based training program for promoting subjective well-being: A preliminary study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junhyung Kim ◽  
Young Hoon Jung ◽  
Yu-Bin Shin ◽  
Min-Kyeong Kim ◽  
Hyojung Eom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Life Orientation Test ◽  
Life Orientation ◽  
Dispositional Hope ◽  
Interactive Feedback

Abstract Background Enhancing subjective well-being is an effective way to improve mental health and virtual reality is useful as an intervention tool for cultivating well-being. This preliminary study aimed to probe the usefulness of a virtual reality-based interactive feedback program as an intervention tool for promoting subjective well-being. Methods In the experiment, 36 males participated in this program, consisting of three tasks constructed based on the theories of positive psychology: ‘Experience-based problem recognition task’, ‘Future self-based success story expression task’, and ‘Strength expression task’. Participants rated visual analog scores associated with each of the tasks' contents. The concurrent validity of task scores was evaluated by correlations with scores of the psychological scales, such as the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form, Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale, Dispositional Hope Scale, and Life Orientation Test Revised. Results The total task score was positively correlated with the scores of Mental Health Continuum-Short Form emotional well-being ( r = 0.492, p < 0.001) and psychological well-being ( r = 0.501, p < 0.001), Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale ( r = 0.435, p < 0.001), Dispositional Hope Scale agency dimension ( r = 0.601, p < 0.001) and pathways dimension ( r = 0.451, p < 0.001), and Life Orientation Test Revised ( r = 0.378, p < 0.05), but not with the MHC-SF social well-being scores. After controlling the effects of the other task scores, the task scores had linear relationships with certain psychological assessments. Conclusion The results showed that the total task score was significantly correlated with indicators of well-being, self-esteem, hope, and optimism. The task scores obtained from the individual tasks were closely related to the indicators, depending on the nature of the task. These findings suggest that the program contents are well associated with certain aspects of subjective well-being and thus may be available for training that improves subjective well-being through interactive feedback.

Dispositional Optimism and Well-Being in College Students: Self-Efficacy as a Mediator

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 783-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulan Yu ◽  
Jun Luo
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Dispositional Optimism ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Life Orientation Test ◽  
Life Orientation ◽  
General Self Efficacy ◽  
Orientation Test

We used the General Self-Efficacy Scale, the Life Orientation Test Revised, and the Revised Oxford Happiness Scale to investigate the correlations among dispositional optimism, self-efficacy, and subjective well-being in 2,578 college students. The results showed that self-efficacy, dispositional optimism, and well-being were significantly positively correlated with one another. In addition, the influence of dispositional optimism on subjective well-being was partially mediated by self-efficacy, with the mediating effect accounting for 31.6% of the total effect.

The glass is not half empty: optimism, pessimism, and health among older adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Barnett ◽  
Ellen A. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Life Orientation Test ◽  
Health And Well Being

ABSTRACTObjectives:Optimism and pessimism are distinct constructs that have demonstrated independent relationships with aspects of health and well-being. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether optimism or pessimism is more closely linked with physical and mental health among older adults.Design:Cross-sectional survey.Participants:Community-dwelling older adults (N = 272) ages 59–95 in the southern United States.Measurements:The Life Orientation Test—Revised and the Short Form 8.Results:At the bivariate level, optimism was associated with higher physical health and mental health, while pessimism was associated with lower physical health and mental health. Multiple-regression analyses as well as comparison of correlation coefficients found that pessimism was more closely associated with physical health and mental health than optimism.Conclusions:These results add to the literature suggesting that, in terms of older adults’ health and well-being, avoiding pessimism may be more important than being optimistic.

Cognitive Bias of Optimism and its Influence on Psychological Well-Being

1999 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 627-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Schweizer ◽  
Alexandra Beck-Seyffer ◽  
Rainer Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Social Desirability ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Multiple Correlation ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Life Orientation Test ◽  
Life Orientation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Orientation Test

An investigation of the cognitive bias observed in optimism and the influence of optimism on psychological well-being was conducted. The cognitive bias was assumed to be related to the repressive style of information processing, represented by the trait scale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Social Desirability scale. Optimism and well-being were measured by the Life Orientation Test and the Social Optimism scale as well as by the Life Satisfaction and Depression scales, respectively. These scales were applied to a sample of 200 individuals. Trait Anxiety and Social Desirability led to a high multiple correlation with the Life Orientation Test ( R = .54) and a moderate multiple correlation with the Social Optimism scale ( R = .30). Higher correlations were obtained for the expectation of a positive than of a negative future. Both the Life Orientation Test and the Social Optimism scale contributed to the high multiple correlation with psychological well-being ( R= .52).

scholarly journals Psychometric Properties of the Life Orientation Test (LOT-R) for Sport

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 258-268
Author(s):  
Daniela Lopes Angelo ◽  
Diógenes Bido ◽  
Mariana Corrêa ◽  
Bruno Hupfer ◽  
Maria Regina Brandão
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Life Orientation Test ◽  
Life Orientation ◽  
Average Variance ◽  
Orientation Test

El objetivo principal de esta investigación fue adaptar y evaluar culturalmente las propiedades psicométricas del Life Orientation Test para el contexto deportivo (LOT-S). La muestra consistió en 953 jóvenes atletas brasileños de ambos sexos, con una edad media de 16 años. Los resultados del análisis factorial confirmatorio produjeron dos dimensiones correlacionadas, que reflejan optimismo y pesimismo, y brindaron apoyo para un modelo de dos factores. Se encontró un ajuste satisfactorio para LOT-S con 6 ítems (χ2=10.96, df=8; RMSEA=.020 (IC 90%=.021-.049); CFI=.995; TLI=990; NFI=.980; GFI=.996; SRMR=.032). También se generaron pruebas satisfactorias de consistencia interna a través del análisis de cargas factoriales y valores t. Los índices alfa de Cronbach (.68/ .65) y la Fiabilidad Compuesta (.72/ .65) fueron adecuados en las variables latentes Optimismo y Pesimismo, respectivamente. Los valores de varianza promedio extraídos fueron insatisfactorios, sin embargo, las correlaciones positivas con Optimismo y las correlaciones negativas con Pesimismo entre Motivación, Resiliencia y Bienestar fueron indicativas de validez convergente. Las correlaciones entre las variables latentes en comparación con las raíces cuadradas de los valores de varianza promedio extraídos de cada constructo mostraron que el modelo tiene validez discriminante. Se logró la invariancia configuracional, métrica y escalar, lo que indica que LOT-S puede medir atletas de ambos sexos por igual. Aunque se necesitan más estudios para confirmar las propiedades psicométricas del instrumento, la adaptación de LOT al contexto deportivo fue el primer paso en el futuro sobre la influencia del Optimismo en el rendimiento deportivo Palabras clave: optimismo; pesimismo; dimensionalidad; estudio de validación   The main objective of this research was to culturally adapt and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Life Orientation Test version for the sports context (LOT-S). The sample consisted of 953 young Brazilian athletes of both sexes, with a mean age of 16 years. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis produced two correlated dimensions, reflecting optimism and pessimism, and provided support for a two-factor model. A satisfactory fit for LOT-S with six items was found (χ2=10.96, df=8; RMSEA=.020 (IC 90%=.021-.049); CFI=.995; TLI=990; NFI=.980; GFI=.996; SRMR=.032). Satisfactory tests of internal consistency were also generated through the analysis of factorial loads and t-values. Cronbach's alpha (.68/ .65) and Composite Reliability (.72/ .65) were adequate in Optimism and Pessimism, respectively. The values of average variance extracted were unsatisfactory, however, positive correlations with optimism and negative with pessimism between Motivation, Resilience and Well-Being were indicative of convergent validity. The correlations between the latent variables compared to the square roots of the average variance extracted values of each construct showed that the model has discriminant validity. The configural, metric and scalar invariance was achieved, indicating that the LOT-S can measure athletes of both sexes equally. Although more studies are needed to confirm the psychometric properties of the instrument, adapting the LOT to the sport context was the first step in the future works about the influence of Optimism on sports performance. Keywords: optimism; pessimism; dimensionality; validation study. O principal objetivo desta pesquisa foi adaptar culturalmente e avaliar as propriedades psicométricas do Life Orientation Test para o contexto esportivo (LOT-S). A amostra foi composta por 953 jovens atletas brasileiros de ambos os sexos, com idade média de 16 anos. Os resultados da análise fatorial confirmatória produziram duas dimensões correlacionadas, refletindo otimismo e pessimismo e forneceram suporte para um modelo de dois fatores. Foi encontrado um ajuste satisfatório para LOT-S com seis itens (χ2=10.96, df=8; RMSEA=.020 (IC 90%=.021-.049); CFI=.995; TLI=990; NFI=.980; GFI=.996; SRMR=.032). Testes satisfatórios de consistência interna foram gerados através da análise de cargas fatoriais e valores-t. Os índices alfa de Cronbach (.68/ .65) e de Confiabilidade Composta (72/ .65) foram adequados para Otimismo e Pessimismo, respectivamente. Os valores de variância média extraída foram insatisfatórios, no entanto, correlações positivas entre Otimismo e negativas entre Pessimismo e Motivação, Resiliência e Bem-Estar foram indicativos de validade convergente. As correlações entre as variáveis latentes comparadas às raízes quadradas dos valores de variância média extraída de cada construto mostraram que o modelo possui validade discriminante. A invariância configural, métrica e escalar foi alcançada, indicando que o LOT-S pode medir atletas de ambos os sexos igualmente. Embora sejam necessários mais estudos para confirmar as propriedades psicométricas do instrumento, a adaptação do LOT ao contexto esportivo foi o primeiro passo no futuro para a influência do otimismo no desempenho esportivo Palavras-chave: otimismo; pessimismo; dimensionalidade; estudo de validação.  

scholarly journals OPTIMISME SEBAGAI MEDIATOR HUBUNGAN ISOLASI SOSIAL DENGAN DEPRESI PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vella Fitrisia Agustina ◽  
Indah Megawati Aswin
Keyword(s):  
Patient Reported Outcomes ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Measurement Information ◽  
Life Orientation Test ◽  
Life Orientation ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Measurement Information System ◽  
Orientation Test

Pandemi Covid-19 yang melanda di hampir seluruh penjuru dunia, termasuk Indonesia, membuat kebijakan pembatasan sosial dan fisik diberlakukan untuk mengurangi penyebaran virus ini. Akibat dari dilakukannya isolasi sosial salah satunya adalah terjadi penurunan kondisi psikologis, yaitu depresi yang diakibatkan oleh kecemasan akan penyakit, rutinitas yang terganggu, dan kurangnya kontak sosial. Situasi yang tidak biasa membutuhkan trait positif optimisme karena individu yang optimis mengharapkan hasil akhir yang baik dalam setiap situasi. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana optimisme mampu menjadi mediator hubungan isolasi sosial dengan depresi pada masa pandemi Covid-19. Jenis penelitian ini kuantitatif dengan teknik analisis mediator. Instrumen pengambilan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan tiga skala, yaitu Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Social Isolation Short Form 4a v2.0 untuk mengukur isolasi sosial, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD-9) untuk mengukur depresi, dan Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R) untuk mengukur optimisme. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap 202 laki-laki dan perempuan, usia minimal 17 tahun, dan sedang menjalani situasi pembatasan sosial berskala besar (PSBB). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi indirect effect dengan nilai β= 0,12; SE = 0,04, (p < 0,05), pada variabel isolasi sosial dengan depresi melalui variabel optimisme, yang artinya optimisme dapat menjadi mediator hubungan isolasi sosial dengan depresi pada masa pandemi Covid-19.

scholarly journals Subjective Well-being and Religiosity: A study of Optimists and Pessimists

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Amin Wani ◽  
Prof. Mahmood S. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Simple Linear Regression ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Life Orientation Test ◽  
Life Orientation ◽  
The Face ◽  
Orientation Test

Pessimist Individuals see difficulty in every opportunity where as Optimists see opportunity in every difficulty. Taking into consideration these characteristics of Optimism and Pessimism, this study was designed to conduct on the samples of the Optimist and Pessimist subjects in order to ascertain the influence of Religiosity on Subjective Well-being. Using Purposive Sampling technique, 50 Optimist and 50 Pessimist Post Graduate students were selected with the help of Life Orientation Test–Revised (LOT-R) developed by Scheier, Carver, & Bridges, (1994). Religiosity and Subjective Well-being among Optimists and Pessimists were assessed on the basis of scores on Religiosity Scale developed by Deka and Broota, (1985) and Subjective Well-being Inventory (SUBI) developed by Sell and Nagpal (1992). Data was analyzed with the help of Simple Linear Regression. The first finding revealed that Religiosity appeared as a significant predictor of Subjective well-being among Optimists. It means that there is a significant positive correlation „R‟= .774 between Religiosity and Subjective Well-being among Optimists whereas, the second finding also revealed that Religiosity appeared as a significant predictor of Subjective Well-being among Pessimists. This indicates that there is also a significant positive correlation „R‟= .497 between Religiosity and Subjective Well-being among Pessimists. Since, the Optimists and Pessimists were found in maintaining good Subjective Well-being but the value of „R‟ in case of Optimists was found to be much higher. So as on the basis of the obtained results , it is discussed that the Optimists look into more favorable side in the face of events and anticipate best possible outcomes in their favor as compared to the Pessimist counterpart. It is suggested that one has to make efforts to be Optimist rather than Pessimist to conquer challenges in their life.

scholarly journals The Life Orientation Test: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis Across Three Age Groups

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 459-459
Author(s):  
Robert Intrieri ◽  
Paige Goodwin
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Model Comparisons ◽  
Life Orientation Test ◽  
Life Orientation ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Orientation Test

Abstract The Life Orientation Test (LOT; Scheier & Carver, 1985) was developed as a measure of dispositional optimism. Optimism has been linked to positive life outcomes and is associated with psychological (Carver & Gaines, 1987; Scheier & Carver, 1985) and physical (Scheier & Carver, 1987; Scheier et al. 1989) well-being. The current study assessed 520 people placed into three age groups: young adult (n =149), middle-age adult (n = 252), and older adult (n = 119). The mean age for the young group was 19.24 (SD = 2.01), middle-aged (47.68 (SD = 4.75), and old was 71.99 (SD = 7.21). Data were submitted for a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) which tested for invariance across the age groups. Previous factor analyses have identified two distinct factors representing optimism and pessimism. Results from the CFA showed that both Configural and Metric invariance models demonstrated acceptable fit for the two factor model (□2(df=57) = 61.92, p = 0.3047; □2(df=69) = 78.77, p = 0.1974). In contrast, Scalar invariance resulted in a poor fit across the three age groups (□2(df=81) = 139.288, p &lt; 0.0001). Model comparisons revealed no significant differences between Configural and Metric models (□2(df=12) = 16.996, p = 0.1498). Model comparisons between Configural and Scalar and Metric and Scalar were (□2(df=24) = 78.947, p &lt; 0.0001; □2(df=12) = 61.764, p &lt; 0.0001). These results confirm previous research that shows a correlated two factor model consistent with the concept that optimism and pessimism are correlated elements rather than two ends of a continuum.

scholarly journals Optimism and Mental Health in Adolescence: a Prospective Validation Study of the Dutch Life-Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R-A) for Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-115
Author(s):  
Anne Kennes ◽  
Sanne Peeters ◽  
Mayke Janssens ◽  
Jennifer Reijnders ◽  
Marianne Simons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Validation Study ◽  
Life Orientation Test ◽  
Life Orientation ◽  
Orientation Test
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