scholarly journals PRODUCTION OF LACCASE BY FUNGI ISOLATED FROM SOIL VIA SUBMERGED FERMENTATION USING CORN COB AS SUBSTRATE

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 224-229
Author(s):  
A. Nuhu ◽  
Ibrahim Hussaini ◽  
S. Gide ◽  
G. Anas ◽  
A. Madika
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Laccase Production ◽  
Corn Cob ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Fusarium Sp

One of the limitations of large scale application of laccase (EC 1.10.3.2) is the inability to produce them in large quantity at an affordable cost. This study was carried out to screen indigenous fungi for their ability to produce laccase using the locally available substrate. Five soil samples were collected and diluted serially, 0.1 mL of the 10-5 and 10-6 dilutions were inoculated onto Potato dextrose agar (PDA) plates. The fungal isolates were identified based on their macroscopic and microscopic characteristics. The isolates were then screened for laccase production by growing them on PDA containing tannic acid as an indicator compound. The laccase producing isolates were further screened for their ability to utilize corn cob as a substrate for laccase production. Ten fungal species were isolated and identified as Trichoderma viridae (3), Trichoderma harzianum (3), Aspergillus niger (2), Fusarium sp. (1) and Penicillium sp. (1). Only two of the isolates namely T. viridae and T. harzianum were found to be laccase producers. Both laccase producing fungal species were able to utilize corn cob as substrate for laccase production. T. viridae had higher enzyme activity (2.228 U/mL) than T. harzianum (2.1583 U/mL) after 9 days of incubation. Laccase producing fungi were isolated in this study and they were able to use corn cob as substrate for laccase production.

Screening and Identification of Laccase Producing Fungi from Environmental Samples

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-98
Author(s):  
A. Bello ◽  
◽  
J. B. Ameh ◽  
D. A. Machido ◽  
A. I. Mohammed-Dabo
Keyword(s):  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Laccase Production ◽  
Curvularia Lunata ◽  
Main Campus ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Screening And Identification ◽  
Decaying Wood

Laccases are oxidases with broad substrate specificity and ability to oxidize various phenolic and non-phenolic compounds. This study was carried out to isolate and characterizes laccase producing fungi from environment samples. Soil and decaying wood samples were collected from different locations within Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria Main campus. Suspensions of the samples (1 g in 10 mL sterile distilled water) were serially diluted, inoculated onto Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) containing 0.01% Chloramphenicol and incubated for 7 days at 30oC.The fungal isolates were characterized macroscopically and microscopically with the aid of an atlas. The identified fungal isolates were screened for laccase production by inoculating onto PDA containing 0.02% Guaiacol, 1mM ABTS (2 2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and 0.5% Tannic acid as indicator compounds and incubated at 250C for 7 days. The laccase producing isolates were confirmed molecularly by ITS rDNA sequence analysis using the FASTA algorithm with the Fungus database from the European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI).A total of 25 fungal species (11 from soil and 14 from decaying wood samples) were isolated. Two isolates from the soil origin identified as Curvularia lunata SSI7 (Accession No. QIE06317.1) and Fusarium clade VII SSI3 (Accession No. GQ505677) were found to produce laccase where Curvularia lunata SSI7 was able to oxidize all the indicator compounds used for the screening. Fusarium clade VII SSI3 was able to oxidize only 0.5% Tannic acid. Laccase producing Curvularia lunata and Fusarium clade VII were isolated from soil samples collected from ABU Zaria Main Campus. Keywords: laccase, fungi, soil, decaying wood

scholarly journals New plectosphaerellaceous species from Dutch garden soil

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 1135-1154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra Giraldo ◽  
Margarita Hernández-Restrepo ◽  
Pedro W. Crous
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Citizen Science ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Garden Soil ◽  
Science Project ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
University Museum ◽  
Citizen Science Project

Abstract During 2017, the Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute (WI) and the Utrecht University Museum launched a Citizen Science project. Dutch school children collected soil samples from gardens at different localities in the Netherlands, and submitted them to the WI where they were analysed in order to find new fungal species. Around 3000 fungal isolates, including filamentous fungi and yeasts, were cultured, preserved and submitted for DNA sequencing. Through analysis of the ITS and LSU sequences from the obtained isolates, several plectosphaerellaceous fungi were identified for further study. Based on morphological characters and the combined analysis of the ITS and TEF1-α sequences, some isolates were found to represent new species in the genera Phialoparvum, i.e. Ph. maaspleinense and Ph. rietveltiae, and Plectosphaerella, i.e. Pl. hanneae and Pl. verschoorii, which are described and illustrated here.

Comparative studies of fungi associated with sea foods in different wetlands of Akwa Ibom State

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
I.N. Bassey ◽  
N.U. Asamudo
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Molecular Technique ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Fish Samples

The study investigated fungi associated with sea foods, fish (Pellonula leonensis) and crayfish (Parapandalus pritis) from different wetlands (Ibeno, Ikot Abasi, Eket and Itu) in Akwa Ibom State. Samples were collected and cultured on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) and the isolated fungi were identified using molecular technique. Based on PCR amplification, sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer and phylogenetic analysis, the fungi identified were: Aspergillus niger, A. felis, A. foetidus, A. aculeatus, A. japonicus, A. flavus, A. tamari, A. terreus, Penicilium citrinum, Candida tropicalis and Trametes polyzona. The most commonly isolated fungi from fish for the four locations were A. niger (52.8) in Itu, P. citrinum (51.7) in Ibeno, A. foetidus (53.5) in Ikot Abasi and A. aculeatus (51.6) in Eket. For samples of crayfish, the most commonly isolated fungi were A. niger (25.1) in Itu and A. foetidus (20.1) in Ikot Abasi. Generally, Ibeno recorded the highest frequencies of fungal isolates while Ikot Abasi had the least. Percentage occurrence of fungi isolated from fish samples were significantly higher (p<0.05) when compared with those isolated from crayfish samples. The presence of these fungi showed that sea foods were exposed to an increasing number of virulent infectious diseases in natural populations, and fungal-like diseases can cause some of the most severe die-offs and extinctions ever witnessed in wild species thus jeopardizing food security Keywords: Fungi, Sea food, Wetland, Aspergillus, Fish.

scholarly journals Dinamika Populasi Jamur Pada Media Starter Tepung Beras Diperkaya Nutrisi Potato Dextrose Agar

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Anindyta Robiatul Adawiyah ◽  
Ahmad Syauqi ◽  
Hasan Zayadi
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Candida Utilis ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Rice Flour ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Composite Flour ◽  
Fungal Cell

Yeast and fungus are important biomass in the food industry. Rice flour is one of the alternative basic ingredients of composite flour and consists of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, minerals and vitamins. Yeast multiplies by a process known as germination, which causes fermentation. This study aims to determine the development of fungal cell population dynamics in making starter with rice flour rich in PDA (Potato Dextrose Agar) nutrition. PDA (Potato Dextrose Agar) is one of the good media used to breed a microorganism, either in the form of fungus / function, bacteria, or living cells. The method used in this study is a different test method for two populations with 2 variables with PDA levels of 0% and 4% with 9 times of repetition. Which is observed once every eight hours the growth dynamics of the fungus by identifying the following fungal species Aspergillus niger is white and has a good composition, Candida utilis is white, Hansenulla anomala is opaque, Trichoderma viride is clear. Keywords: Rice flour, Yeast, PDA (Potato Dextrose Agar), Aspergillus niger, Candida utilis, Trichoderma viride, Hansenula saturnus. ABSTRAK Jamur adalah biomasa yang penting di dalam industri makanan. Tepung beras merupakan salah satu alternatif bahan dasar dari tepung komposit dan terdiri atas karbohidrat, lemak, protein, mineral dan vitamin. Starter adalah populasi mikroba dalam jumlah dan kondisi fisiologis yang siap diinokulasikan pada media fermentasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan Untuk mengetahui perkembangan dinamika populasi sel jamur pada pembuatan starter dengan media tepung beras kaya nutrisi PDA (Potato Dextrose Agar). PDA (Potato Dextrose Agar) merupakan salah satu media yang baik digunakan untuk membiakkan suatu mikroorganisme, baik itu berupa cendawan/fungsi, bakteri, maupun sel mahluk hidup. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode Uji beda rerata dua populasi dengan 2 variabel dengan kadar PDA 0% dan 4% dengan 9 kali ulangan waktu. Yang mana pada setiap 8 jam sekali diamati dinamika pertumbuhan jamurnya dengan mengidentifikasi spesies jamur sebagai berikut Aspergillus niger berwarna putih dan berbenang, Candida utilis berwarna putih, Hansenulla saturnus berwarna buram, Trichoderma viride berwarna bening. Kata Kunci : Tepung beras, Ragi, PDA (Potato Dextrose Agar), Aspergillus niger, Candida utilis, Trichoderma viride, Hansenula saturnus.

scholarly journals A Study of Pathogenic Fungi Causing Post Harvest Losses of Pineapple Sold at Wudil and Yan Lemo Markets of Kano State

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
S. M. Yahaya ◽  
A. B. Kamalu ◽  
M. U. Ali ◽  
M. Lawan ◽  
Y. S. Ajingi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Two Samples

This research was conducted to determine the fungal pathogens responsible for post harvest losses of pineapple sold at Wudil and Yen lemo markets.  Two samples of pineapples were purchased twice a week from both Wudil and Yanlemo markets for four months. The samples were investigated for the presence of fungal pathogen using standard microbiological methods. The methods involve mounting small portion of pineapple in the plate containing Potato dextrose agar to isolate the fungi. Three fungal pathogens belonging to Aspergillus species were isolated, and Aspergillus niger had the highest frequency of occurrence of (50%). Followed by A. flavus with (27%). The A. fumigatus had the lowest frequency of occurrence of (23%). The differences between the fungal isolates recorded were significantly different (P<0.05) between the two markets, where higher fungal isolates were recorded at Yanlemo market 159 (40.6%) and Wudil 38 (9.71%). The study showed that the post harvest losses of pine apple in the two markets are attributed to fungal infection. Therefore, safe guarding the two markets from debris and dumps of rotten fruits and vegetable may assist in reducing fungal inoculums in the two markets.

scholarly journals Production of gluconic acid by fungal species isolated from soil in Keffi, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 382-390
Author(s):  
Makwin Danladi Makut ◽  
Chioma Deborah Nzeduru ◽  
Ike Kenneth Ekeleme ◽  
Jibril Egwu Owuna ◽  
Obuneme Smart Obiekezeie
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Substrate Concentration ◽  
Gluconic Acid ◽  
Fusarium Moniliforme ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Great Ability ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Microbiological Methods

This investigation aimed at production of gluconic acid by fungal species isolated from soil in Keffi. Standard microbiological methods were employed for isolation and identification of the fungal isolates. The yields of gluconic acid produced by the different isolates of the fungi were determined using gas chromatograph and mass Spectrometry. The occurrence of fungi showed that Rhizopus oryzae was 100%, Aspergillus carneus was 75.0%, Aspergillus niger was 75.0% and Aspergillus terreus was 100% while Trichoderma viride was 25.0% and Fusarium moniliforme was 25.0%. The result further demonstrated that three species of the fungal isolates Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus carneus and Fusarium moniliforme were found to produce gluconic acid. Screening for gluconic acid production showed that Aspergillus carneus isolated from locations As1, Cs1 and Cs2, Aspergillus niger isolated from locations Bs1, Bs2 and Cs4 were able to produce gluconic acid. Result of effect of temperature, pH, substrate concentration and fermentation time on production of gluconic acid showed that Aspergillus niger Bs2 produced highest amount of gluconic acid at 28oC, similarly highest amount for gluconic acid produced by Aspergillus carneus As1 was at 28oC, whereas Fusarium moniliforme Bs4 produced highest at 30OC. pH 6.5 was found to the best optima pH for production of both gluconic acid for the fungi studied namely Aspergillus niger Bs2 and Aspergillus carneus As1 and Fusarium moniliforme Bs4 produced highest gluconic acid at pH 5.5. The substrate concentration showed highest production of gluconic acid was produced by Aspergillus niger Bs2 at substrate concentration of 25%. Aspergillus carneus As1 produced highest at substrate concentration of 20% and Fusarium moniliforme Bs4 produced highest at substrate concentration of 20%. The fermentation time showed highest production of gluconic acid by Aspergillus niger Bs2 and Aspergillus carneus As1 was after 144 hours whereas F. moniliforme Bs4 produced gluconic acid after 120hrs respectively. The fungi species isolated from soil in keffi revealed great ability in production of gluconic acid.

scholarly journals Morphological and Molecular Confirmation of Four Undescribed Oleaginous Species of Mortierella from Libya

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuzia Elfituri Muftah Eltariki ◽  
Kartikeya Tiwari ◽  
Mohammed Abdelfatah Alhoot
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Fungal Diversity ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Mortierella Alpina ◽  
Single Cell Oil ◽  
North East ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
First Time

Abstract A large number of undiscovered fungal species still exist on earth, which can be useful for the bioprospecting particularly the single cell oil (SCO) production. The present research study confirms four oleaginous fungal isolates from Libyan soil. These isolates (Barcoded as MSU-101, MSU-201, MSU-401 and MSU-501) were discovered and reported first time from diverse soil samples of district Aljabal Al-Akhdar in North-East Libya and fall in the class: Zygomycetes; order: Mortierellales. From the morphological and phylogenetic analysis, these isolates were identified and found as closest match with Mortierella alpina species. The present research study provides insight to the unseen fungal diversity and contributes to more comprehensive Mortierella alpina reference collections worldwide.

scholarly journals Isolation and Identification of Soil Mycoflora in the Upland and Lowland Soils of Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Sokoto State

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
I. Y. Tafinta ◽  
K. Sheh ◽  
H. M. Maishanu ◽  
S. S. Noma ◽  
S. A. Yusif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Rhizopus Stolonifer ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Dilution Plate ◽  
Cotton Blue

A total of 14 different fungal species belonging to 7 genera were isolated from the upland and lowland soils of Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, between October to December, 2015. The mycoflora were isolated using dilution plate technique on Potato dextrose agar amended by 1% streptomycin. Identification was made microscopically using the lacto-phenol cotton blue method and macroscopically by comparing the cultural and morphological features with the help of authentic fungal manual and taxonomic key. The identified species are; Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, A. fumigatus, A. nidulans, A. oryzae, Alternaria longifes, Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani, F. mangifera, Rhizopus stolonifer, R. orizae, Saccharomyces cerevisae, Trichoderma harzianum and Trichophytum quallinum. The highest number of fungi (50 isolates) were obtained from lowland uncultivated soils (D), followed by the upland uncultivated soils (B) with about 34 strains, and the least (22 isolates) were obtained from upland cultivated soils (A) out of the total 132 isolates. Variations between sites were statistically analyzed.

scholarly journals Optimization of lipase production using fungal isolates from oily residues

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leticia Miranda Cesário ◽  
Giovanna Pinto Pires ◽  
Rafael Freitas Santos Pereira ◽  
Elisabete Fantuzzi ◽  
André da Silva Xavier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Lipase Production ◽  
Medium Composition ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Large Scale Production

Abstract Lipases are triacylglycerol hydrolases that catalyze hydrolysis, esterification, interesterification, and transesterification reactions. These enzymes are targets of several industrial and biotech applications, such as catalysts, detergent production, food, biofuels, wastewater treatment, and others. Microbial enzymes are preferable for large scale production due to ease of production and extraction. Several studies have reported that lipases from filamentous fungi are predominantly extracellular and highly active. However, there are many factors that interfere with enzyme production (pH, temperature, medium composition, agitation, aeration, inducer type, and concentration, etc.), making control difficult and burdening the process. This work aimed to optimize the lipase production of four fungal isolates from oily residues (Penicillium sp., Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus sp., and Aspergillus sp.). The lipase-producing fungi isolates were morphologically characterized by optical and scanning electron microscopy. The optimal lipase production time curve was previously determined, and the response variable used was the amount of total protein in the medium after cultivation by submerged fermentation. A complete factorial design 32 was performed, evaluating the temperatures (28 °C, 32 °C, and 36 °C) and soybean oil inducer concentration (2%, 6%, and 10%). Each lipase-producing isolate reacted differently to the conditions tested, the Aspergillus sp. F18 reached maximum lipase production, compared to others, under conditions of 32 °C and 2% of oil with a yield of 11,007 (µg mL−1). Penicillium sp. F04 achieved better results at 36 °C and 6% oil, although for Aspergillus niger F16 was at 36 °C and 10% oil and Aspergillus sp. F21 at 32 °C and 2% oil. These results show that microorganisms isolated from oily residues derived from environmental sanitation can be a promising alternative for the large-scale production of lipases. Graphical Abstract

scholarly journals Development of high-resolution melting PCR (HRM-PCR) assay to identify native fungal species associated with the wheat endosphere

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 629-635
Author(s):  
Tomasz Cłapa ◽  
Katarzyna Mikołajczak ◽  
Lidia Błaszczyk ◽  
Dorota Narożna
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Resolution Melting ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Large Scale Screening

Abstract Understanding the complexity and biodiversity of fungal communities associated with the wheat endosphere can facilitate the identification of novel strains that might be beneficial to the host plant. However, the differentiation and taxonomic classification of the endosphere-associated fungi with respect to various cultivars and plant organs are challenging, time-consuming, and expensive, even with the use of molecular techniques. In the present work, we describe a fast, simple, and low-cost method based on high-resolution melting PCR (HRM-PCR) for the identification and differentiation of wheat endogenous fungal isolates. Using this approach, we differentiated 28 fungal isolates, which belonged to five different genera, namely Alternaria, Penicillium, Epicoccum, Fusarium, and Trichoderma. Furthermore, the results of the study revealed that this method can allow large-scale screening of cultured samples.

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