scholarly journals Formulasi dan Evaluasi Floating System Tablet Difenhidramin HCl Menggunakan Kombinasi Matriks HPMC K4M dan Na. CMC

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-114
Author(s):  
Khusnul Berty Indartantri ◽  
Noval Noval ◽  
Husda Oktaviannoor
Keyword(s):  
Hardness Test ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Powder Flow ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Floating System ◽  
Time Test ◽  
Tapped Density ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Drying Test

A floating system tablet was made using HPMC K4M and Na matrices. CMC with the active substance diphenhydramine HCl, which absorption in the stomach. The research aims to determine the effect of a combination of HPMC K4M and Na. CMC matrices are optimal in a floating system formulation. This research used an experimental method with a RAL design. Tablets were made by direct compression and were evaluated. The results were then analyzed statistically using One Way ANOVA. The loss results on the drying test, the tapped density test, and the measurement of the angle of repose of all formulations met the requirements. The powder flow rates of all formulations did not meet the requirements. The resulting tablet is white, bitter, round, and smells of medicine. Tablets in all formulations have uniform weight according to requirements. The hardness test results showed that only formulation 3 met the requirements, while all formulations did not meet the requirements in the friability test. In the lag time test, the results obtained in formulation 1 and formulation 2, formulation 3, and formulation 4 are 4 seconds, 4 seconds, 3 seconds, and 1 second. In contrast, the floating time results show that all formulations can float for 24 hours. All evaluation results indicate that the optimal formulation in formulation 3.

scholarly journals FORMULATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF HERBAL TABLETS FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF DENGUE

2021 ◽  
pp. 104-113
Author(s):  
Shikha Thakur ◽  
Brisha Bhardwaj ◽  
Shouvik Kumar Nandy
Keyword(s):  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Herbal Extract ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Wet Granulation ◽  
Disintegration Time ◽  
Weight Variation ◽  
Phosphorus Iron ◽  
Fresh Pulp ◽  
Tapped Density

Tablets are used as formulation and are prepared by using plant extracts i.e., Carica papaya and Embelica officinalis. These tablets were prepared by using wet granulation method. In this article the extract of leaves of Carica papaya and fruits of Embelica officinalis were used for making herbal tablets. Extracts of leaves of Carica papaya was obtained by cold extraction and through maceration method and the extract of fruits of Embelica officinalis was obtained by maceration process. Both extracts were dried and mixed. These extracts were then impregnated with the excipients like diluents, binding agents, super disintegrating agent, lubricants, etc. to make granules. These granules were then evaluated by using various parameters like Angle of repose, tapped density, bulk density, Carr’s Index, Hausner’s Ratio and void volume. These granules were then used for the making of tablets of desired size and shape by punching in the machine. After preparation of the tablets their evaluation parameters were studied like physical appearance, weight variation, friability, disintegration time, hardness test and thickness. Also the parameters for the acceptance of the tablets is also done like flavor and sweetness. Recent studies have shown that herbal extract of leaves of papaya has beneficial effect as an anti-inflammatory agent, for its wound healing properties, anti-tumor as well as Immunomodulatory effects and as an antioxidant. Amla fruit is a rich natural source of vitamin C (Ascorbic acid) and contains 600-750 mg/100 g of the fresh pulp. Also it is rich in minerals matters like phosphorus, iron and calcium. Amla is used as an Immunomodulatory agent and hence enhance the immunity of the patient. Aim of the study is to design develop and optimize the dosage form to cure dengue and is based on the use of natural plant ingredients to intermingle with chemical as well as synthetic ingredients to develop an effective unit dosage forms for better patient compliance. KEYWORDS: Papaya, Amla, Extracts, Herbal tablet, Dengue, Immunomodulatory, Platelets.

scholarly journals Karakterisasi Sifat Fisik Granul Dengan Bahan Pengikat Amylum Manihot Pragelatinasi Dan Polivinilpirolidon

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 50-58
Author(s):  
Rela Pamungkas Sari ◽  
Dwi Bagus Pambudi ◽  
St Rahmatullah ◽  
Wulan Agustin Ningrum
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Flow Time ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pregelatinized Starch ◽  
Powder Particles ◽  
Time Test ◽  
The One ◽  
One Way Anova

AbstractGranules come from small particles which then become single larger particles to form a lump. The binder in the granules is used to ensure the incorporation of the powder particles in the granules. Manihot starch is a natural binder and polyvinylpyrrolidone is a synthetic binder, because manihot starch has poor flow properties, it is necessary to modify it by pregelatination. The purpose of this study was to determinethe characterization of the physycal properties of granules with a natural binder of pregelatinized starch manihot and and synthetic polyvinylpyrrolidone on the physical properties of the granules. Variations in the concentration of pregelatinated starch manihot were 3% and 5% respectively. The granulation process is carried out by mixing all materials that have easy flowing properties. The resulting granules were evaluated for their physical properties and then the data were analyzed using SPSS with the One Way ANOVA method with a 95% confidence level. The results of the organoleptic test are white granules but on F1 and F2 there are brown spots then round shape and characteristic odor, the flow time meets the requirements of 10 g/second, the angle of repose test meets the requirements <30˚, compressibility meets the requirements <15%. The results of statistical analysis showed a significant difference (sig <0,05) in the flow time test. The optimum concentration of pregelatiansi manihot starch is 5% (F2) and polyvinylpyrrolidone 5% (F4). The Suggest for further researchers can use other natural excipients and make modifications to improve the physical characteristics of the granules. Keyword: Amylum Manihot; granules;polivinilpirolidon; pragelatination AbstrakGranul berasal dari partikel-partikel yang berukuran kecil kemudiam menjadi partikel tunggal yang lebih besar membentuk suatu gumpalan. Bahan pengikat pada granul digunakan untuk menjamin penyatuan partikel serbuk dalam granul. Amilum manihot merupakan pengikat bahan alami dan polivinilpirolidon merupakan pengikat bahan sintetis, dikarenakan amilum manihot memiliki sifat alir yang kurang baik maka perlu dilakukan modifikasi dengan pragelatinasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui karakterisasi sifat fisik granul dengan bahan pengikat alami amilum manihotpragelatinasi dan bahan sintetis polivinilpirolidon. Variasi konsentrasi bahan pengikat masing-masing adalah 3% dan 5%. Proses granulasi dilakukan dengan mencampurkan seluruh bahan yang memiliki sifat mudah mengalir. Granul yang dihasilkan di evaluasi sifat fisiknya kemudian data dianalisis menggunakan SPSS dengan metode One Way ANOVA dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95%. Hasil uji organoleptisgranulbewarna putih namun pada F1 dan F2 terdapat bintik coklat kemudian bentuk bulat dan bau khas, waktu alir memenuhi syarat ≤10 g/detik, uji sudut diam memenuhi syarat <30˚, kompresibilitas memenuhi syarat <15%. Hasil analisis statistik terdapat perbedaan bermakna (sig < 0,05) pada uji waktu alir.Konsentrasi optimum bahan pengikat amylummanihotpragelatiansi 5% (F2) dan polivinilpirolidon 5% (F4). Saran untuk peneliti selanjutnya dapat digunakan bahan eksipien alami yang lainnya dan dilakukan modifikasi untuk meningkatkan karakteristik sifat fisik granul. Kata kunci: Amilum Manihot; granul;polivinilpirolidon; pragelatinasi

scholarly journals The Risk of Recrystallization: Changes to the Toxicity and Morphology of Pyrimethamine

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zak Perold ◽  
Mino R Caira ◽  
Marius Brits
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Powder Flow ◽  
Solid State Chemistry ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Thermal Methods ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Computational Work ◽  
Tapped Density

PURPOSE. Pyrimethamine, an anti-malarial agent known to exhibit solid state polymorphism, may be purified by means of recrystallization. Recrystallization may alter the solid state chemistry of pharmaceuticals, which may impact the toxicity and/or manufacturability thereof. We evaluated the risks associated with the recrystallization of pyrimethamine. METHODS. Pyrimethamine was recrystallized using several organic solvents. X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, infra-red spectroscopy, microscopy, flowability -, solubility and dissolution testing as well as computational work were employed to evaluate the recrystallized products. RESULTS. A toxic solvatomorph of pyrimethamine (Pyr-MeOH) was found to be the product from methanol recrystallization. The elucidation of – and the elaboration on the unique characteristics of Pyr-MeOH provides the pharmaceutical industry with several means to identify Pyr-MeOH and to distinguish it from the pharmaceutically preferred anhydrous form (Pyr). Thermal methods of analysis found that the toxicity of Pyr-MeOH may be reversed by overcoming a desolvation activation energy of 148 kJ/mol. In addition it was found that recrystallization altered the morphology of Pyr. Angle of repose and tapped density determinations identified that the different morphologies of Pyr displayed differences in powder flow and compressibility behaviour and In Silico calculations were successful in rendering morphologies resembling that found experimentally. CONCLUSION. We present a solvatomorph of pyrimethamine and provide several characteristic means to identify this unwanted toxic form and quantified the energy required to overcome its toxicity. In addition we describe that Pyr may present in different morphologies and show how it may impact the manufacturability thereof. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.

scholarly journals Development of Corn Starch-Neusilin UFL2 Conjugate as Tablet Superdisintegrant: Formulation and Evaluation of Fast Disintegrating Tablets

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prateek Juneja ◽  
Birender Kaur ◽  
Oluwatoyin A. Odeku ◽  
Inderbir Singh
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Powder Flow ◽  
Microwave Method ◽  
Flow Properties ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Fast Disintegrating Tablet ◽  
Tapped Density ◽  
Fast Disintegrating Tablets

In the present study, corn Starch-Neusilin UFL2 conjugates were prepared by physical, chemical, and microwave methods with the aim of using the conjugates as tablet superdisintegrant. Various powder tests, namely, angle of repose, bulk density, tapped density, Hausner’s ratio, Carr’s index, swelling index, and powder porosity were conducted on the samples. The conjugates were characterized by ATR-FTIR, XRD, DSC, and SEM techniques. Heckel and Kawakita models were applied to carry out compression studies for the prepared conjugates. Fast disintegrating tablets of domperidone were prepared using corn starch and corn Starch-Neusilin UFL2 conjugates as tablet superdisintegrants in different concentrations. Conjugates were found to possess good powder flow and tabletting properties. Heckel analysis indicated that the conjugates prepared by microwave method showed the slowest onset of plastic deformation while Kawakita analysis indicated that the conjugates prepared by microwave method exhibited the highest amount of total plastic deformation. The study revealed that the corn Starch-Neusilin UFL2 conjugates possess improved powder flow properties and could be a promising superdisintegrant for preparing fast disintegrating tablet. Also, the results sugessted that the microwave method was found to be most effective for the preparation of corn Starch-Neusilin UFL2 conjugates.

Microhardness and Surface Roughness of Glass Ionomer Cements after APF and TiF4 Applications

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Topaloglu-Ak ◽  
D Cogulu ◽  
N Kocatas Ersin ◽  
BH Sen
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Test Surface ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Restorative Materials ◽  
One Way Anova

Objective: To evaluate whether TiF4 solution and APF gel had any adverse effects on the surface morphology of newly developed glass ionomers. Study Design: Fifteen disc-shaped specimens of Fuji IX Extra, Fuji II LC and Ketac N100 were prepared and stored in 2 ml of artificial saliva at 37°C for 8 weeks. Specimens of each material were divided randomly into three subgroups as 1 and 4 minutes application of 1.23% APF gel and 1 minute application of 1% TiF4 solution. Specimens were reaged for another 8 weeks. Microhardness, surface roughness values and surface morphology were evaluated by using Vicker's hardness test, surface profilometry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for all time interventions, respectively. One-way Anova test was performed and differences were compared by Tukey's HSD and Dunnet T3 test. Results: APF and TiF4 applications decreased microhardness significantly in Fuji II LC. In Fuji IX Extra microhardness decreased significantly after 1- and 4-min APF applications. Ketac N100 showed no difference in microhardness after APF and TiF4 applications. Surface roughness was not affected at any time interval for three restorative materials. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this vitro study, it was revealed that, potential adverse effects of APF and TiF4 applications might be material dependant. Hence, restorative materials should be selected in accordance with kind, frequency and application time of fluoridation to avoid deteriorations of the restorations.

Exploration of Neem Gum, Acrylamide Grafted Neem Gum and Carboxymethylated Neem Gum as Retardant in Tablet Formulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1404-1410
Author(s):  
Rishabha Malviya
Keyword(s):  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Tablet Formulation ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Wet Granulation ◽  
Binding Agent ◽  
Grafted Polymer ◽  
Model Drug ◽  
Tablet Dosage ◽  
Tapped Density ◽  
Derivatives Of

Background: In the previous study, investigators have synthesized acrylamide grafted and carboxymethylated derivatives of neem gum and evaluated their potential in the formulation of nanoparticles. In continuation of previous work, authors have evaluated neem gum polysaccharide (NGP), acrylamide grafted neem gum polysaccharide (NGP-g-Am) and carboxymethylated neem gum polysaccharide (CMNGP) as binding agent in the tablet dosage form. Methods: Diclofenac sodium was used as a model drug while microcrystalline cellulose and talc were used as excipient in the preparation of granules employing wet granulation technique. NGP, NGP-g-Am and CMNGP were utilized as binding agent in the preparation of granules. Prepared granules were characterized for various pre-compression and post-compression parameters. Results and Discussion: Binding agents were used in the concentration of 4-24%w/w. NGP incorporated granules showed more bulk density and lower values of tapped density, Carr’s index, bulkiness, Hausner’s ratio and angle of repose as compared to NGP-g-Am consisting granules. NGP-g-Am consisting tablets showed more hardness and zero friability as compared to NGP based tablets. Drug content was found lower for the tablets having grafted polymer in place of NGP. CMNGP were also utilized to prepare granules but granules were not be able to compress keeping all the compacting parameters same as used in the case of NGP and NGP-g-Am consisting granules. NGP and NGP-g-Am were able to sustain drug release up to 6 and 8 h, respectively. Conclusion: It can be concluded that NGP-g-Am induces better properties when used as a binder in the tablet formulation than native polymer, while CMNGP cannot be utilized as a binding agent in the preparation of a tablet.

scholarly journals FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF FLURBIPROFEN FAST DISINTEGRATING TABLETS USING NATURAL SUPERDISINTEGRANTS

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Sarfaraz ◽  
Surendra Kumar Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
Disintegration Time ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Weight Variation ◽  
Wetting Time ◽  
Tapped Density ◽  
Fast Disintegrating Tablets

ABSTRACTObjective: The main objective of this research was to formulate Fast disintegrating tablets of Flurbiprofen incorporating superdisintegrants, isolated from natural sources like Plantago ovata (PO) seeds, Lepidium sativum (LS) seeds and agar-agar.Methods: Superdisintegrants were isolated from their natural sources using reported methods. Swelling index and hydration capacity was determined for the natural superdisintegrants to know their disintegration capacity. The tablet formulations were designed using isolated natural superdisintegrants. The powder blends were evaluated for pre-compressional parameters like angle of repose, bulk density, tapped density, carr’s index, and hausner’s ratio. Fast disintegrating tablets were prepared by direct compression method. The compressed tablets were characterized for post compression parameters.Results: All formulations had hardness, friability, weight variation and drug content within the pharmacopoeial limits. The wetting time was 84 to 254 sec, in vitro disintegration time was between 59.2 to 221 sec, and in-vitro drug release was as low as 11.80% (LS1) to a maximum of 98.99% (PO4) after 4 min of study. Among all, optimized formulation was PO4, as it showed good wetting time (84 sec), fastest disintegration time (59.2 sec), dispersion time (135 sec) and drug release of 98.99.% within 4 min.Conclusion: Flurbiprofen FDT’s were successfully developed using isolated natural disintegrants. The natural disintegrants isolated showed promising results and can prove as effective alternative for synthetic disintegrants.

scholarly journals PENINGKATAN SIFAT MEKANIS BESI COR KELABU MELALUI PROSES TEMPERING

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Noor Setyo HD ◽  
Sri Widodo
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Heating Time ◽  
Initial Energy ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Maximum Hardness ◽  
Quenching Temperature ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Hardness Tester ◽  
Water Media

This study aims to determine the Hardness and Toughness of cast iron after undergoing a Tempering process with independent variables heating time and dependent Hardness, microstructure and toughness Impack. Quenching was carried out at temperatures of 7750C, 8000C and 8250C in cold water media, while Tempering was carried out at temperatures of 2000C, 3000C and 4000C with a holding time of 15 minutes. Vickers Hardness test results using "Micro Hardness Tester" after Quenching have increased by an average of 95.6% at Quenching 7750C, 99.8% at Quenching 8000C and 107.1% at Quenching temperature 8250C from Hardness value of row material of 256.6 BHN or 260.8 VHN0,040. The maximum hardness value is obtained 531.4 BHN or 553.6 VHN 0,040 at Quenching temperature 8250C and the lowest Hardness of 501.8 BHN or 541,8 VHN0,040 at Quenching 7750C temperature, has Cementite phase as a matrix with little Martensite, is due to treatment The partial tempering of Martensite is replaced by the ferrite phase between Cementites. The results of the study concluded that at Tempering temperatures of 2000C, 3000C and 4000C, the toughness of FC 30 experienced an increase of 106.5%, 121.9% and 130.5% from the initial energy of 5.21 Joule / mm2, whereas violence decreased by 88, 6%, 80.8% and 40.4% of the original Hardness of 260.8 VHN 0,040

scholarly journals PENGENDALIAN NYAMUK AEDES SPP MENGGUNAKAN PERANGKAP ALAMIAH

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-99
Author(s):  
Deri Kermelita
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Sugar Solution ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Mosquito Trap ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Observation Cage ◽  
Palm Sugar ◽  
Primary Vector ◽  
One Way Anova

Aedes spp mosquito is the primary vector  or the main transmitter of dengue fever. it’s existence cause public health disturbing. Many research are being done to find ways of controlling mosquitoes, one of them by using a mosquito trap attractants. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the addition of attractants to modified mosquito trap to the Aedes aegypti mosquitoes control. The study design using analytical methods with a "post-test only control group design". The number of mosquitoes that are used at each observation cage was 30, with 9 times  repetition.  One way ANOVA used to analized the data then followed by LSD test. Results modifications mosquito trap attractants addition of palm sugar solution mixed with yeast bread is more effective (ρ = 0.000) of the yeast mixed tape.

scholarly journals PENGARUH MODIFIKASI ATRAKTAN TERHADAP JUMLAH TELUR NYAMUK Aedes sp YANG TERPERANGKAP DI KELURAHAN KARANGPUCUNG KECAMATAN PURWOKERTO SELATAN KABUPATEN BANYUMAS TAHUN 2014

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Sovi Milasari ◽  
Mela Firdaust
Keyword(s):  
Research Design ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Village ◽  
Static Group ◽  
One Way Anova

Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), which is about illuminating the sixth goal of HIV / AIDS,malaria and other infectious diseases. One infectious disease is a disease of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever(DHF). The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the modification attractant the number ofeggs of Aedes sp Karangpucung trapped in the Village, District of Purwokerto Selatan Banyumas2014.Pre-experimental research design is, this research design using the static group comparisondesign. Determining sampling at this research using inclusion criteria. 5 study subjects DHF casesin 2013 were located in the Village. Karangpucung. Data accumulation techniques is by usingquestionner. Data analysis using Kruskall Wallis test as an alternative to One Way Anova test.Kruskal-Wallis statistical test results obtained p = 0.007 ≤ α 0,05 mean there is a significantdifference between the number of eggs of Aedes sp trapped in each attractant. Then followedeach test group differences using nonparametric analysis with the U Mann Whitney testgroups 1 and 2 are significant (p = 0.631) meaning that there is no difference, groups 1 3 and 2 3groups was significant (p = 0.009) means there different.In conclusion, the effect of the modification there isattractant against Aedes sp Karangpucungtrapped in the Village District of Purwokerto Selatan Banyumas 2014. Suggestion submitted to thecommunity should play an active role in the activities PSN Plus 3M.

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