scholarly journals REVIEW ARTICLE: DEVELOPEMENT AND USING DENGUE VACCINE FOR DENGUE INFECTION VIRUS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Firdaus Kabiru Massey ◽  
Rika Yulia
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Dengue Infection ◽  
Target Population ◽  
World Health ◽  
Dengue Virus Infection ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
The Government ◽  
One Year ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract : Tropical and subtropical countries are regions with high incidence of dengue infection. Dengue virus infection is estimated to cause 300 million new infections in one year and approximately 1 million severe cases with 2 + 5% deaths. The case of dengue in Indonesia has continued to increase since 1968 until 1980 where all provinces in Indonesia have been affected by the dengue virus. Dengue virus is a virus carried by the Aedes aegypti mosquito in its salivary gland. The virus which is a family group of Flaviviruses has four homologous serotypes, namely DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, and DENV-4, which can cause dengue infection in individuals. Currently there is a shift in the target population from children to adults. This is a problem that needs to be resolved by the government and the community itself. Solution to overcome this, the government needs early prevention efforts to reduce the severity of dengue infection by developing and researching dengue vaccines. Currently a vaccine has been found that can be used as prophylaxis for dengue virus, namely Dengvaxia. This vaccine has been recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) as prophylaxis for dengue infection, but Dengvaxia is only used in areas that are very endemic to dengue fever. The Indonesian Food and Drug Supervisory Agency (BPOM RI) has also approved the use of Dengvaxia as an indication of prevention of dengue infection since August 31, 2016. This vaccine has been approved globally only given to individuals aged between 9-16 years.  Keyword : dengue virus, dengvaxia vaccine, Aedes aegypti, endemic

scholarly journals Malnutrition and Suspected Dengue Virus Infection in Children in Coastal Ecuador (P10-120-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Chang ◽  
Julia Finkelstein ◽  
Washington Cárdenas ◽  
Mildred Zambrano Leal ◽  
Joyce Andrade Velasquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Dengue Infection ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Lauryl Sulfate ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Dengue Virus Infection ◽  
Clinical Variables

Abstract Objectives To examine the burden of anemia and malnutrition in children presenting with suspected dengue virus infection, as part of our ongoing surveillance program for acute febrile illnesses in Ecuador. Methods A total of 58 children (6 months to 5 y) were recruited in 2018 as part of the surveillance program. Sociodemographic characteristics, clinical signs and symptoms, and anthropometric data were obtained using structured interviews and standardized assessments. Venous blood samples were collected, and hemoglobin was assessed via the sodium lauryl sulfate method. Suspected dengue cases were identified using the World Health Organization dengue severity classification guidelines. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin <110 g/L. Stunting, underweight, and wasting were defined based on their corresponding z-scores: height-for-age z-score (HAZ) <-2, weight-for-age z-score (WAZ) <-2, and weight-for-length z-score (WHZ) <-2, respectively. Overweight and obesity were defined as BMIZ >1 SDs, and BMIZ >2 SDs, respectively. Binomial and linear regressions were used to examine the associations of hemoglobin, anemia, and anthropometric variables with clinical variables among patients presenting with suspected dengue infection. Results Approximately 33% of children were classified as suspected dengue cases and 43% of the children were anemic (median [IQR]: 111 [103, 118] g/L). Additionally, 26% of the cohort presented a fever and the most prevalent symptoms were rash (67%), nausea (43%) and vomiting (31%). Further, 7% of the children were stunted, 3% were underweight, and 5% of children were wasted. Approximately 19% were overweight and 12% were obese. Anemia was associated with an increased likelihood of presenting a rash (P = 0.04) overall as well as within the subset of children not suspected of having dengue viral infection. There were no significant associations noted between nutritional factors and other clinical variables. Conclusions Findings suggest that the prevalence of anemia and overweight were high in children presenting with suspected dengue virus infection in coastal Ecuador. Funding Sources NIH.

scholarly journals Dengue virus infection changes Aedes aegypti oviposition olfactory preferences

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Gaburro ◽  
Prasad N Paradkar ◽  
Melissa Klein ◽  
Asim Bhatti ◽  
Saeid Nahavandi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Dengue Infection ◽  
Olfactory Learning ◽  
Larval Rearing ◽  
Dengue Virus Infection ◽  
Infected Female ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Olfactory Preferences

AbstractAedes aegypti mosquitoes, main vectors for numerous flaviviruses, have olfactory preferences and are capable of olfactory learning especially when seeking their required environmental conditions to lay their eggs. In this study, we showed that semiochemical conditions during Aedes aegypti larval rearing affected future female choice for oviposition: water-reared mosquitoes preferred to lay eggs in water or p-cresol containers, while skatole reared mosquitoes preferred skatole sites. Using two independent behavioural assays, we showed that this skatole preference was lost in mosquitoes infected with dengue virus. Viral RNA was extracted from infected female mosquito heads, and an increase of virus load was detected from 3 to 10 days post infection, indicating replication in the insect head and possibly in the central nervous system. Expression of selected genes, potentially implied in olfactory learning processes, were also altered during dengue infection. Based on these results, we hypothesise that dengue virus infection alters gene expression in the mosquito’s head and is associated with a loss of olfactory preferences, possibly modifying oviposition site choice of female mosquitoes.

scholarly journals Doubling Time and Its Interpretation for COVID-19 Cases: A Comparative Study in Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation, Pune, Maharashtra, India

2021 ◽  
pp. 75-83
Author(s):  
Parth Aphale ◽  
Aditya Dilipkumar Patil ◽  
Dharmendra B. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Model ◽  
Doubling Time ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
World Health ◽  
Respiratory Disorder ◽  
Linear Quadratic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Administrative Units ◽  
One Year ◽  
Health Organization

Background: COVID-19, also known as Novel Corona Virus, causes respiratory disorder in humans and has been declared as a global pandemic in the first quarter of the year 2020 by the World Health Organization. As this pandemic persists the second, third and fourth quarters had shown variation in COVID-19 cases. In the first quarter of the year 2021 again there seems to be a rise in cases of COVID-19. So, a comparative analysis from March 2020 – April 2021 of COVID-19 cases has been studied. Methodology: An exponential statistical model was used to calculate the predicted value of COVID-19 using doubling time for a short duration. The cases of COVID-19 were predicted from 10th April 2021 to 10th June 2021 using doubling time and exponential regression method. Results: The distribution of cases showed a curve-linear trend over the last one year. We explored various models like exponential, logarithmic (lo-linear), linear, quadratic, and generalized linear model (GLM) to fit into the observed distribution of cases. Since the distribution of cases was perfectly following a linear trend in each of the four segments, we applied a linear regression model to observed distribution and then predicted the anticipated no. of cases by extending this linear trend to a future period (120 day). With the help of the exponential statistical model, doubling time/rate based on prior 9 days, the predictions of up to 2.61 lakhs cases have been done by the end of June 2021. Conclusion: This study will be useful for the Government of India and Maharashtra state-specific to Pimpri- Chinchwad Municipal Corporation (PCMC), Administrative Units, Frontline health workforce, researchers, and scientists. From this study it has been evident that during the pre-lockdown period, in the initial stages there seems to be rise in cases. While, during lockdown period it was observed that there was relatively decrease in the number of cases. After the government authorities imposed the unlock strategies the cases began to rise as compared to the lockdown period. Thus, it appears that only essential services should be open for the citizens of India and the state lockdown should be carried on for the next 3 months (April 2021 - June 2021).

scholarly journals COVID-19 outbreak, social distancing and mass testing in Kenya - Insights from a mathematical model 

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Waema Mbogo ◽  
John W. Odhiambo
Keyword(s):  
Informal Settlement ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
World Health ◽  
Transmission Model ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract As reported by the World Health Organization (WHO), the world is currently facing a devastating pandemic of a novel coronavirus ( COVID -19), which started as an outbreak of pneumonia of unknown cause in the Wuhan city of China in December 2019. Within days and weeks, the COVID -19 pandemic had spread to over 210 countries. By the end of April, COVID -19 had caused over three million confirmed cases of infections and 230,000 fatalities globally. The trend poses a huge threat to global public health. Understanding the early transmission dynamics of the infection and evaluating the effectiveness of control measures is crucial for assessing the potential for sustained transmission to occur in new areas.We employed a SEIHCRD delay differential mathematical transmission model with reported Kenyan data on cases of COVID -19 to estimate how transmission varies over time and which population to target for mass testing. The model is concise in structure, and successfully captures the course of the COVID -19 outbreak, and thus sheds light on understanding the trends of the outbreak and the vulnerable populations. The results from the model gives insights to the government on the population to target for mass testing. The government should target population in the informal settlement for mass testing. People with pre-existing medical and non-medical conditions should be identified and given special medical care. With aggressive effective mass testing and adhering to the government directives and guidelines, we can get rid of COVID -19 epidemic.

scholarly journals Diagnosis of Dengue Virus Infection by the Visual and Simple AuBioDOT Immunoglobulin M Capture System

2003 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1074-1077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana Vázquez ◽  
Gilda Lemos ◽  
Maritza Pupo ◽  
Oscar Ganzón ◽  
Daniel Palenzuela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
World Health ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Dengue Virus Infection ◽  
Capture Elisa ◽  
Igm Antibodies ◽  
Health Organization

ABSTRACT The Dengue IgM Capture ELISA (MAC-ELISA) is the immunoenzymatic system recommended by the Pan American Health Organization and the World Health Organization for the serological diagnosis of dengue virus infection due to its high sensitivity, ease of performance, and use of a single acute-phase serum sample. However, tests with this enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system are time-consuming and require equipment for washing, incubation, and reading of the results. AuBioDOT is a multistep visual diagnostic immunoassay that uses technology based on the immunoglobulin M (IgM) capture ELISA principle. This system uses white polyethylene opaque plates as the solid phase, colloidal gold as the marker, and silver ion amplification. It does not require special equipment, it is totally manually operated, and it can be performed in less than 1 h. The sensitivity and specificity of AuBioDOT for the detection of anti-dengue virus IgM antibodies were studied with a panel of 336 serum samples (150 serum samples from patients with suspected or serologically confirmed dengue virus infection, 186 serum samples from healthy blood donors and patients without dengue virus infection). The results were compared with those obtained by the MAC-ELISA. A sensitivity of 97.7% and a specificity of 97.1% were obtained. The concordance of the two tests was 97.3%, with a kappa index of 0.94. The application of AuBioDOT for the detection of anti-dengue virus IgM antibodies is recommended as an alternative method for the diagnosis of dengue virus infection, both for clinical diagnosis and for seroepidemiological surveillance. The system is useful under field conditions and in laboratories and requires little equipment.

scholarly journals COMPARISON BIOLARVICIDES POTENCIAL OF FRUIT SEEDS AND LEAF PAPAYA EXTRACTS (Carica papaya) ON Aedes aegypti

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-15
Author(s):  
Fidel Corona ◽  
Freggy Spicano Joprang
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
World Health ◽  
P Value ◽  
Natural Substances ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Health Organization

Introduction: Aedes aegypti is the major vector of dengue virus. Dengue virus can cause dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). DHF is dangerous because it can cause death. World Health Organization (WHO) noted Indonesia as state with the highest dengue cases in Southeast Asia. Effort to control A. aegypti vector that can be done is by using natural substances that have the effect of biolarvicides. This study aims to determine natural biolarvicides potencial of fruit seeds and leaf papaya (Carica papaya) extracts against A. aegypti larvae. Methods: This study was an experimental study and conducted in 2016 using two groups of samples with the design before and after intervention. Samples were A. aegypti larval instar III and IV with the number of 10 larvaeper concentration and 10 larvae of control for each types of extracts. The concentration used was 0 mg / L (control), 50 mg / L, 100 mg / L, and 150 mg / L for both types of extracts, then observed at 6 hours, 12 hours, 18 hours, and 24 hours after exposure. Results: This study using Kruskal Wallis test, p value = 0.352. (P> 0.05) means there is no significant difference in the effect of biolarvicides concentration between the two types of extracts that used to the number of dead larvae of A. aegypti. Conclusion: Fruit seeds and leaf papaya extracts (C. Papaya L.) with concentrations of 50 mg / L, 100 mg/ L, and 150 mg / L are not effective to kill the larvae of A. aegypti. Other studies show concentrations above 21.9 ppm of leaf extract and 442 ppm of fruit seed extract can effectively kill larvae, therefore future studies are needed to determine effective extract concentrations to kill the larvae of A. aegypti.

scholarly journals COVID-19 outbreak, social distancing and mass testing in Kenya - Insights from a mathematical model 

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Waema Mbogo ◽  
John W. Oddhiambo
Keyword(s):  
Informal Settlement ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
World Health ◽  
Transmission Model ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract As reported by the World Health Organization (WHO), the world is currently facing a devastating pandemic of a novel coronavirus ( COVID -19), which started as an outbreak of pneumonia of unknown cause in the Wuhan city of China in December 2019. Within days and weeks, the COVID -19 pandemic had spread to over 210 countries. By the end of April, COVID -19 had caused over three million confirmed cases of infections and 230,000 fatalities globally. The trend poses a huge threat to global public health. Understanding the early transmission dynamics of the infection and evaluating the effectiveness of control measures is crucial for assessing the potential for sustained transmission to occur in new areas.We employed a SEIHCRD delay differential mathematical transmission model with reported Kenyan data on cases of COVID -19 to estimate how transmission varies over time and which population to target for mass testing. The model is concise in structure, and successfully captures the course of the COVID -19 outbreak, and thus sheds light on understanding the trends of the outbreak and the vulnerable populations. The results from the model gives insights to the government on the population to target for mass testing. The government should target population in the informal settlement for mass testing. People with pre-existing medical and non-medical conditions should be identified and given special medical care. With aggressive effective mass testing and adhering to the government directives and guidelines, we can get rid of COVID -19 epidemic.

Preventing Premature Weaning: Management Options for Common Lactation Conditions, Including OMT

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
Denise Sackett ◽  
Tala Dajani ◽  
David Shoup ◽  
Uzoma Ikonne
Keyword(s):  
Postpartum Depression ◽  
Family Physician ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
World Health ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Pharmacological Management ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Lactational Mastitis ◽  
One Year ◽  
Health Organization

The benefits of breastfeeding are well established. The World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend that mothers breastfeed infants for at least one year, but most children are not breastfed that long because of many factors. Breastfeeding mothers face many challenges to continued breastfeeding, including medical conditions that arise during this period, such as postpartum depression and lactational mastitis. Because of a perceived lack of consistent guidance on medication safety, it can be difficult for the family physician to treat these conditions while encouraging mothers to continue breastfeeding. The purpose of the current review is to summarize and clarify treatment options for the osteopathic family physician treating lactating mothers. We specifically focus on the pharmacological management of contraception, postpartum depression, and lactational mastitis.

Novel Coronavirus 2019 Outbreak: A Global Epidemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 1458-1464
Author(s):  
Sweta Kamboj ◽  
Rohit Kamboj ◽  
Shikha Kamboj ◽  
Kumar Guarve ◽  
Rohit Dutt
Keyword(s):  
World Health ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Global Epidemic ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Government ◽  
Tract Disease ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

Background: In the 1960s, the human coronavirus was designated, which is responsible for the upper respiratory tract disease in children. Back in 2003, mainly 5 new coronaviruses were recognized. This study directly pursues to govern knowledge, attitude and practice of viral and droplet infection isolation safeguard among the researchers during the outbreak of the COVID-19. Introduction: Coronavirus is a proteinaceous and infectious pathogen. It is an etiological agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). Coronavirus, appeared in China from the seafood and poultry market last year, which has spread in various countries, and has caused several deaths. Methods: The literature data has been taken from different search platforms like PubMed, Science Direct, Embase, Web of Science, who.int portal and complied. Results: Corona virology study will be more advanced and outstanding in recent years. COVID-19 epidemic is a threatening reminder not solely for one country but all over the universe. Conclusion: In this review article, we encapsulated the pathogenesis, geographical spread of coronavirus worldwide, also discussed the perspective of diagnosis, effective treatment, and primary recommendations by the World Health Organization, and guidelines of the government to slow down the impact of the virus are also optimistic, efficacious and obliging for the public health. However, it will take a prolonged time in the future to overcome this epidemic.

ARIMA model for forecasting COVID-19 Death cases in India (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeya Sutha M
Keyword(s):  
Arima Model ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
World Health ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Government ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Spread Of Infection ◽  
Death Cases

UNSTRUCTURED COVID-19, the disease caused by a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a highly contagious disease. On January 30, 2020 the World Health Organization declared the outbreak as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. As of July 25, 2020; 15,947,292 laboratory-confirmed and 642,814 deaths have been reported globally. India has reported 1,338,928 confirmed cases and 31,412 deaths till date. This paper presents different aspects of COVID-19, visualization of the spread of infection and presents the ARIMA model for forecasting the status of COVID-19 death cases in the next 50 days in order to take necessary precaution by the Government to save the people.

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