scholarly journals Analisa Pengaruh Perubahan Beban Output Turbin Terhadap Efisiensi Boiler

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Jatmiko Edi Siswanto
Keyword(s):  
Calorific Value ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Steam Boiler ◽  
Electric Generator ◽  
Oil Processing ◽  
A Value ◽  
Boiler Efficiency ◽  
Boiling Process ◽  
Boiler Operation ◽  
To Come

In palm oil processing companies to become oil, the boiling process is carried out to make it easier for the loose fruit to come from the bunches, to stop the development of free fatty acids and will cause the tbs to soften so the oil extraction process becomes easier. The boiling process requires steam from steam. Steam is obtained by heating a vessel filled with water with fuel. Generally, boilers use liquid, gas and solid fuels. Steam functions as a boiling and electric generator, the company uses a boiler as a steam producer to support the production process. A boiler or steam boiler is a closed vessel used to produce steam through an energy conversion process. To find out the boiler efficiency, a calculation is carried out by taking the parameters needed for boiler operation, from the analysis the highest boiler efficiency results are 83.56% and the lowest is 75.25%, where the heating value with 13% fuel at 1000 Kw load is 83, 56%. And the calorific value with 10% fuel at a load of 750 Kw is smaller with a value of 75.25%.

scholarly journals Fuel Used Analysis on Boiler Efficiency Variations and Water Intake Temperature Affected by Palm Oil Varieties

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-105
Author(s):  
Zulham Effendi ◽  
Siti Aisyah ◽  
Rionaldo Hastyanda
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Fuel Mass ◽  
Fuel Savings ◽  
A Value ◽  
Boiler Efficiency ◽  
Intake Water ◽  
Additional Fuel

Several factors that affect the use of fuel in boilers are combustion efficiency, quality of feed water management, calorific value, and the potential for available fuel from oil palm varieties. The purpose of this research is to identify the use of fuel and its potential savings based on variations in boiler efficiency and water temperature that entered the boiler. The materials used in this research are FFB mass balance data and boiler fuel composition. Based on the analysis results, the lowest used fuel mass and the highest fuel savings are found in the DxPLangkat variety with an intake water temperature of 105o C and 80% boiler efficiency. The use of fuel is 4,231 kg/hour with shell savings of 967 kg/hour with a value of IDR 725,701. Fiber savings was 487 kg/hour with a value of IDR 121,751.The highest used fuel mass and the lowest fuel savings were found in the Yangambi derivative variety with an intake water temperature of 85o C and 60% boiler efficiency.The fuel consumption is 5,830 kg/hour with shell savings totalling -380 kg/hour. There is no fiber analysis because it is used up hence additional fuel is needed. Additional fuel can be done by asking for other palm oil mill units or buying. If they buy a shell with a requirement of 380 kg/hour, the funds required are IDR 284,939.

Can animals sing? On birdsong, music and meaning

2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 272-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hektor KT Yan
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
A Value ◽  
Music And Meaning ◽  
To Come ◽  
Factual Issue ◽  
The Way

This article deals with conceptual questions regarding claims to the effect that humans and animals share artistic abilities such as the possession of music. Recent works focusing on animals, from such as Hollis Taylor and Dominique Lestel, are discussed. The attribution of artistic traits in human and animal contexts is examined by highlighting the importance of issues relating to categorization and evaluation in cross-species studies. An analogy between the denial of major attributes to animals and a form of racism is drawn in order to show how questions pertaining to meaning can impact on our understanding of animal abilities. One of the major theses presented is that the question of whether animals possess music cannot be answered by a methodology that is uninformed by the way concepts such as music or art function in the context of human life: the ascription of music to humans or non-humans is a value-laden act rather than a factual issue regarding how to represent an entity. In order to see how humans and animals share a life in common, it is necessary to come to the reflective realization that how human beings understand themselves can impact on their perception and experience of human and non-human animals.

scholarly journals Generator gas as a fuel to power a diesel engine

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Tutak ◽  
Arkadiusz Jamrozik
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Additional Advantage ◽  
Electric Generator ◽  
Generator Gas

The results of gasification process of dried sewage sludge and use of generator gas as a fuel for dual fuel turbocharged compression ignition engine are presented. The results of gasifying showed that during gasification of sewage sludge is possible to obtain generator gas of a calorific value in the range of 2.15 ? 2.59 MJ/m3. It turned out that the generator gas can be effectively used as a fuel to the compression ignition engine. Because of gas composition, it was possible to run engine with partload conditions. In dual fuel operation the high value of indicated efficiency was achieved equal to 35%, so better than the efficiency of 30% attainable when being fed with 100% liquid fuel. The dual fuel engine version developed within the project can be recommended to be used in practice in a dried sewage sludge gasification plant as a dual fuel engine driving the electric generator loaded with the active electric power limited to 40 kW (which accounts for approx. 50% of its rated power), because it is at this power that the optimal conditions of operation of an engine dual fuel powered by liquid fuel and generator gas are achieved. An additional advantage is the utilization of waste generated in the wastewater treatment plant.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Quality of Mixed Coconut Shell Waste Briquettes with Various Biomass Additives as Alternative Fuels

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusraida Khairani Dalimunthe ◽  
Sugiatmo Kasmungin ◽  
Listiana Satiawati ◽  
Thariq Madani ◽  
Teuku Ananda Rizky
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Bamboo Charcoal ◽  
A Value ◽  
Shell Waste

The purpose of this study was to see the best quality of briquettes from the main ingredient of coconut shell waste<br />with various biomass additives to see the calorific value, moisture content, ash content, and volatile matter<br />content of the biomass mixture. Furthermore, further research will be carried out specifically to see the quality of<br />briquettes from a mixture of coconut shell waste and sawdust. The method used in this research is to conduct a<br />literature study of various literature related to briquettes from coconut shell waste mixed with various additives<br />specifically and then look at the best quality briquettes produced from these various pieces of literature. As for<br />what is determined as the control variable of this study is coconut shell waste and as an independent variable,<br />namely coffee skin waste, rice husks, water hyacinth, Bintaro fruit, segon wood sawdust, coconut husk, durian<br />skin, bamboo charcoal, areca nut skin, and leather waste. sago with a certain composition. Furthermore, this<br />paper also describes the stages of making briquettes from coconut shell waste and sawdust for further testing of<br />the calorific value, moisture content, ash content, volatile matter content on a laboratory scale for further<br />research. From various literatures, it was found that the highest calorific value was obtained from a mixture of<br />coconut shell waste and bamboo charcoal with a value of 7110.7288 cal / gr and the lowest calorific value was<br />obtained from a mixture of coconut shell waste and sago shell waste with a value of 114 cal / gr, then for the value<br />The highest water content was obtained from a mixture of coconut shell waste and rice husk with a value of<br />37.70% and the lowest water content value was obtained from a mixture of coconut shell waste 3.80%, then for the<br />highest ash content value was obtained from a mixture of coconut shell waste and coffee skin with a value of<br />20.862% and for the lowest ash content value obtained from a mixture of coconut shell and Bintaro fruit waste,<br />namely 2%, and for the highest volatile matter content value obtained from a mixture of coconut shell and coconut<br />husk waste with a value of 33.45% and for the value of volatile matter levels The lowest was obtained from a<br />mixture of coconut shell waste and sago skin waste with a value of 33 , 45%.

Pengolahan Bioplastik Dari Campuran Gliserol, CMC Dan Karagenan

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-326
Author(s):  
Muhammad Abdul Zaky ◽  
Rini Pramesti ◽  
Ali Ridlo
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Film Thickness ◽  
Kappaphycus Alvarezii ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Alkaline Treatment ◽  
Plastic Packaging ◽  
A Value ◽  
Best Value ◽  
Experimental Laboratory

Indonesia menghasilkan 64 juta ton sampah di laut dan 3,2 juta ton di antaranya adalah plastik. Pencemaran tersebut mendorong pencarian plastik berbahan dasar ramah lingkungan yang dapat terurai . Bioplastik yang merupakan alternatif kemasan plastik dan bersifat ramah lingkungan. Berbagai bahan dasar pembuatan bioplastik telah ditemukan, salah satunya dasar karagenan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui karakteristik bioplastik hasil ekstraksi karagenan rumput laut Kappaphycus alvarezii dan mengetahui konsentrasi terbaik bioplastik hasil ekstraksi karagenan berdasarkan tebal film, kuat tarik dan persen pemanjangan. Metode yang digunakan adalah eksperimental laboratoris. Ekstraksi menggunakan perlakuan alkali dengan larutan KOH. Proses ekstraksi menghasilkan tepung karagenan yang digunakan sebagai bahan pembuatan bioplastik. Pembuatan bioplastik menggunakan campuran karagenan dengan 5 variasi massa karagenan, gliserol 10 ml dan 1,2 g CMC. Hasil ekstraksi menghasilkan rendemen 41,12%, kadar air 2,75%, kadar abu 19,10%, kekuatan gel 452,38 dyne/cm2dan viskositas 8,33 cP. Hasil penelitian tentang nilai ketebalan film bioplastik terbaik pada karagenan 3,5 g yaitu 0,093 mm, kuat tarik terbaik pada 1,5 g yaitu 2,587 Mpa, elongasi terbaik pada karagenan 1,5 g sebesar 44,992%. Berdasarkan data tersebut, hasil penelitian ini dapat diaplikasikan sebagai kemasan primer produk pangan. Sea pollution in Indonesia has increased every year with one of the pollutants is plastic. Indonesia produces 64 million tons of waste at sea and 3.2 million tons of which are plastic. The pollution is encouraging researchers to create plastic-based materials that are environmentally friendly and biodegradable. Bioplastics are an environmentally friendly alternative to plastic packaging. This study aims to determine the characteristics of bioplastics extracted from Kappaphycus alvarezii seaweed carrageenan and determine the best concentration of bioplastics from the extraction based on film thickness, tensile strength, and elongation percentage. The method that used in the research is experimental laboratory. The extraction uses alkaline treatment with KOH solution. The extraction process produces carrageenan flour which will be used as a bioplastic material. Making bioplastics using a mixture of carrageenan with 5 variations of concentration, glycerol 10 ml and 1.2 g CMC. The results of extraction showing 41.12% yield, 2.75% moisture content, 19.10% ash content, 452.38 dyne / cm2 gel strength, 8.33 cP viscosity. Carrageenan with the best value of bioplastic film thickness is 3.5 g which is 0.093 mm, the best tensile strength is achieved at 1.5 g with a tensile strength value of 2.587 MPa, the best elongation is achieved at 1.5 g with a value of 44.992%. Based on data showing that this research can be applied as primary packaging for food products.

Max Weber’s ethics

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-322
Author(s):  
Richard Ned Lebow
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Policy Assessment ◽  
External Knowledge ◽  
The Third ◽  
A Value ◽  
To Come ◽  
Expected Outcomes

I offer a critique of Weber’s two ethics. The first layer is internal and concerned with their logics. The second layer considers the external knowledge necessary to apply them appropriately and argues that it is extremely difficult to come by. The third layer connects Weber’s ethics to his politics because the choice of either ethic in almost any context is a value choice. This is apparent in Weber’s application of these ethics to Germany foreign policy. He used his ethics in a rhetorical way to justify his values rather than using these values as a guide to policy assessment. This reversal is endemic to politics. One response might be to stipulate beforehand the kinds of policies that are unacceptable in democracies regardless of their expected outcomes.

A Method for Combustion Calculation Based on Proximate Analysis and Net Calorific Value of Coal

2015 ◽  
Vol 1092-1093 ◽  
pp. 479-482
Author(s):  
Bao Kui Chen ◽  
Feng Zhong Sun
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Relative Error ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Combustible Material ◽  
Testing And Debugging ◽  
Boiler Operation ◽  
Gas Volume

For the combustion calculation of coal fired boiler, a new concept of oxygen consumption for combustible material was proposed which was different from the traditional oxygen consumption for elements. A mathematical model was developed for the combustion calculation. The calculation formulas of theoretical air and flue gas volume were established through reasonable hypothesis and simplification, which were based on proximate analysis and net calorific value of coal. In contrast to the results of the elemental analysis for the 15 different kinds of coals which are typical in China, the average relative error of formulas is lower than 2%, the biggest relative error is 7.11%, which can be used for the control over boiler operation, testing and debugging, and calculation of heat transfer.

Intelligent Optimization of Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler

2014 ◽  
Vol 614 ◽  
pp. 580-583
Author(s):  
De Gong Chang ◽  
Yun Peng Ju
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Bp Neural Network ◽  
Circulating Fluidized Bed ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Intelligent Optimization ◽  
Search Function ◽  
Boiler Efficiency ◽  
Boiler Operation

BP neural network can predict and establish a relationship between the parameters of boiler operation. Because this method has certain errors, so this paper presents a optimization method based on genetic algorithm. The method uses the genetic algorithm to optimize the key parameters of boiler operation and search out the maximum boiler efficiency taking advantages of genetic algorithm's global search function. According to optimization results obtained, the staff can adjust the parameters of the boiler and achieve the purpose of optimizing.

scholarly journals Errors in Boiler Efficiency Standards

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred D. Lang
Keyword(s):  
Performance Monitoring ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Carbon Taxes ◽  
Steam Generators ◽  
Fuel Feed ◽  
Fuel Flow ◽  
Boiler Efficiency ◽  
Financial Consequences ◽  
Contractual Obligations ◽  
Industrial Standards

This paper presents both criticism and suggested changes to boiler efficiency standards associated with fossil-fired steam generators. These standards include the widely used ASME PTC 4.1, PTC 4 and DIN 1942, and others. The chief criticism is inconsistent application of thermodynamic principles. Specifically, conceptual errors are made with application of reference temperatures and the treatment of shaft powers. When using computed fuel flow as a touchstone, it becomes obvious that arbitrary use of reference temperatures and/or use of capricious energy credits cannot dictate a system’s computed fuel flow. Efficiency, calorific value and fuel flow must have fixed definitions concomitant with a system’s useful energy flow. Thermodynamics is not an arbitrary discipline, the computed fuel needs of a system must describe the actual. Boiler efficiency requires the same treatment, as an absolute value, as actual fuel feed and emission flow. Boiler efficiencies and associated calorific values have obvious standing when judging contractual obligations, for thermal performance monitoring, and for confirming carbon emissions. Note that a 0.5 to 1% change in efficiency may well have significant financial consequences when testing a new unit, or the on-going costs associated with fuel and carbon taxes. This paper demonstrates that errors greater than 2% are entirely possible if following the current standards. This paper appeals to the resolution of efficiency at the 0.1% level. The power plant engineer is encouraged to read the Introduction and Summary & Recommendations sections while the thermodynamicist is requested to throughly review and critique the mid-sections. The author hopes such reviews will advocate for improvement of these important industrial standards.

scholarly journals Building Resilience Through Cross Industry Team Collaboration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanta Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Team Collaboration ◽  
A Value ◽  
Cost Modelling ◽  
The Face ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Value Streams ◽  
Uncertain Future ◽  
To Come ◽  
Materials Used

Abstract This paper addresses the key issues that go into the making of a heavy truck wherein steel made parts are used in the making of a chassis , so here the challenge for both for the bodyframe designer of the automobile industry and the sheet metal designer of the steel industry to come up with solutions that not only addresses problems relating to the lowering of the weight but also making it strong enough to bear enough loads taking into account changes in materials used , kinematics – differences in body angles that affects the velocity of the actions directed , how parts connected not only in the truck but also in the processes followed including changes in design and thereafter the prototypes to be tried out in the face of oncoming changes . A pentagonal framework that includes open cost modelling as well a business model that talks of creating a value streams in consonance with the changes for the uncertain future has been included.

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