scholarly journals Cylindrical Gears with Changing Ratio

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
András Bendefy ◽  
Péter Horák
Keyword(s):  
Cylindrical Geometry ◽  
Cylindrical Gear ◽  
Cylindrical Gears ◽  
Additional Costs ◽  
Pitch Curve ◽  
Circular Pitch

Changing ratio gears are noncircular. It means that if they are combined with a conventional cylindrical gear a changing axis distance will be given. Changing axis distance can generate a lot of difficulties and additional costs in the construction. Our goal was to create changing ratio gears that have cylindrical geometry and interlock with conventional cylindrical gears at a constant axis distance. This can be achieved by applying continuously changing profile shift. Profile shift modifies the diameter of the gears, however it does not have any effect on the ratio; regardless if that is constant or changing. The point of our calculation is that some gears with noncircular rolling curves can have circular pitch curve with the help of changing profile shift.

Research on Mathematical Modeling and Kinematic Simulation of Elliptic Family Gears

2013 ◽  
Vol 579-580 ◽  
pp. 300-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lian Xia ◽  
Da Zhu Li ◽  
Jiang Han
Keyword(s):  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Tooth Profile ◽  
High Order ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Gear Pair ◽  
Cylindrical Gear ◽  
Kinematic Simulation ◽  
Cad Modeling ◽  
Pure Rolling ◽  
Pitch Curve

Elliptic family gears are commonly used in non-circular gears, which include elliptic gear, high-order gear, elliptic deformed gear and high-order deformed gear, thereinto high-order deformed gear can include the elliptic family gears through adjust its order and deformed coefficient. Because non-circular gear has different tooth profile in different position of pitch curve and there is difference in the left and right tooth profile of the same gear tooth, thus the CAD modeling of non-circular gear is difficult for these characteristics; but the precise model of non-circular gear has important significance to the realization of numerical control machining, kinematic simulation and relevant mechanical analysis. This paper deduce the corresponding pure rolling mathematical model based on the pure rolling contact theory that cylindrical gear and non-circular gear mesh in the end face, and realize the CAD modeling of non-circular straight and helical gears by letting the cylindrical gear and non-circular gear make solid geometry operation, which is suitable for pitch curve with convex and concave. The non-circular gear shaping methods with equal polar and equal arc length are simulated by setting different discrete polar angles, and the transmission ratio curve and the angular acceleration curve of driven gear are get through the kinematic simulation of gear pair, which realize the transmission performance analysis of elliptic family gear pair. The above research results can be applied to the modeling and kinematic performance analysis of other non-circular gears.

Construction of conical axoids on the basis of congruent spherical ellipses

2022 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
T. Kresan ◽  
S. Pylypaka ◽  
Z. Ruzhylo ◽  
C. Rogovskii ◽  
O. Trokhaniak
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Bevel Gear ◽  
Geometric Parameters ◽  
Cylindrical Gear ◽  
Bevel Gears ◽  
Cylindrical Gears ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Angle Of Rotation

Purpose: To carry out the transition from a cylindrical gear in which the centroids are congruent ellipses with centres of rotation in the foci, to a bevel gear on the basic of congruent spherical ellipses. Design/methodology/approach: Congruent ellipses with centres of rotation in the foci serve as centroids for the design of cylindrical gears with non-circular wheels. The article analytically shows that the analogues of ellipses on the plane - congruent spherical ellipses are the basis for the construction of the axoids of the corresponding bevel gears. An analogue of the centre-to-centre distance for ellipses in the plane is the angle between the axes of rotation of conical axoids. Findings: Based on the equality of the arcs of ellipses, the dependence of the angle of rotation of one axoid on the angle of rotation of another is found. Graphs of this dependence for separate cases are given. It is shown under what conditions the axes of axoids intersect at right angle. The parametric equations of spherical ellipses and corresponding axoids are given. They were used to construct spherical ellipses and corresponding conical axoids for different cases. For gears with right angle between the axes, separate positions of the axoids with different angles of their rotation around their axes are constructed. Practical implications: Spherical ellipses are directing curves for the construction of the corresponding conical axoids. Originality/value: The paper shows that congruent spherical ellipses act as centroids for the design of axoids of bevel gears. They roll one by one without sliding, rotating around axes that intersect in the centre of the sphere. To design such gears, it is important to know the interdependence between the geometric parameters, especially for common gears with a right angle between the axes.

Synthesis of Shaped Noncircular Gear Using a Three-Linkage Computer Numerical Control Shaping Machine

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangyan Zheng ◽  
Lin Hua ◽  
Xinghui Han ◽  
Bo Li ◽  
Dingfang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Computer Numerical Control ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Cylindrical Gear ◽  
Manufacturing Method ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Gear Hobbing ◽  
Pitch Curve ◽  
Internal Gear ◽  
The Mathematical Model

Gear shaping, commonly regarded as the most widely used machining method for cylindrical gear, is in fact an ideal manufacturing method for noncircular gear due to its merit of not being restricted by gear type or pitch curve in contrast to gear hobbing. However, concerning researches are mainly focused on the generation of noncircular straight external gear, paying rare attention to noncircular internal gear and noncircular helix gear. Considering that this paper, through using a three-linkage computer numerical control (CNC) shaping machine, aims to synthesize shaped noncircular gear, covering external, internal, straight, and helix gear. The mathematical model, a three-linkage model, is first established. The corresponding manufacturing process in practice is subsequently discussed. Finally, with practical shaping experiments, the correctness of the proposed model and the appropriateness of the manufacturing process are verified.

scholarly journals PROCESSING OF HARDENED CYLINDRICAL GEAR WHEELS OF THE CUTTING GEARBOX OF THE COMBINE UKD 200-500

2021 ◽  
pp. 57-70
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Koval'chuk ◽  
Volodymyr Nezhebovs'kyj ◽  
Alexander Permyakov ◽  
Alexander Klochko ◽  
Serhii Riabchenko
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mining ◽  
Lower Boundary ◽  
Cylindrical Gear ◽  
Gear Teeth ◽  
Cylindrical Gears ◽  
Boundary Points ◽  
Gear Grinding ◽  
Gear Wheels ◽  
Technological Methods

The article discusses the latest developments of unique technological methods of gear milling of cylindrical gears for preliminary blade gear processing of hardened cylindrical gears of the cutting reducer of the UKD200-500 coal mining harvester for the final gear grinding of gear teeth with modulus m = 16 mm, with hardness HRC 56 ... 62. The peculiarity of the design of special hob cutters is that a circle passing through the lower boundary points of the involute is used as the palloid of the machine gearing of the tool and part. Pre-cutting the teeth of hardened wheels with carbide milling cutters allows you to remove the main allowance for the final gear grinding.

scholarly journals Study of geometric characteristics of the arc teeth semi-rolled cylindrical gear meshing

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-373
Author(s):  
Vladimir Syzrantsev ◽  
Ksenia Syzrantseva
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Relative Position ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Twist Angle ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Cylindrical Gear ◽  
Geometric Characteristics ◽  
Cylindrical Gears ◽  
Large Gear

In the conditions of unbraced machine body parts, arc teeth cylindrical gears have a higher load capacity, durability and reliability as well as the ability to compensate for the twist angle by self-adjustment of one of the wheels compared to straight and helical teeth gears. Use of such gears in a semi-rolled version allows simplifying significantly the technological process of cutting wheels and making gears with large gear ratios. In this article, mathematical models of wheel and gear arc teeth forming process are built for a semi-rolled cylindrical gear. The geometric characteristics of the gear arc teeth meshing in the presence of errors in the wheel and gear relative position, required to solve the problem of calculating the gear load capacity and durability, have been determined.

A Novel Harmonic Drive With Pure Involute Tooth Gear Pair

2004 ◽  
Vol 126 (1) ◽  
pp. 178-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rathindranath Maiti
Keyword(s):  
New Wave ◽  
Harmonic Drive ◽  
Tooth Gear ◽  
Circular Arcs ◽  
Wave Generator ◽  
Involute Gears ◽  
Cam Profile ◽  
Pitch Curve ◽  
Engagement And Disengagement ◽  
Circular Pitch

Consider commercially available “harmonic drives” or “strain wave gearings” (all patented designs). The tooth profiles of the mating pairs of teeth of the noncircular (pitch curve) flex gear and circular (pitch circle) ring gears are nearly conjugate and noninvolute. Evidently none of them offers ideal gear kinematics. In this paper, we propose a new wave generator (or cam) to drive flex gears of harmonic drives with fully conjugate gear pairs of purely involute profiles. The cam profile is made of circular arcs at the two diametrically opposite contact zones and shifted elliptical curves for the other two zones. The geometric construction is done in such a way that tip interference is properly avoided for both engagement and disengagement with nominally stubbed or full depth tooth involute gears. We develop the theory of geometric and gearing conditions. We have also built a physical model in order to verify the geometry of tooth interference and other relevant gearing kinematics.

scholarly journals Analysis of the tool life of coated hob milling tools for gear cutting of cylindrical gear

2018 ◽  
Vol 184 ◽  
pp. 03011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Sovilj-Nikić ◽  
Bogdan Sovilj ◽  
Gyula Varga ◽  
Nicolae Ungureanu ◽  
Vladimir Blanuša
Keyword(s):  
Tool Life ◽  
Production Equipment ◽  
Cutting Process ◽  
Cylindrical Gear ◽  
Process Improvements ◽  
Cylindrical Gears ◽  
Gear Cutting ◽  
Milling Tool ◽  
Continuous Demand ◽  
Milling Tools

The improvement of the gear cutting process by hob milling is also significant for the producers of gears as well as for the producers of hob milling tools. Due to the complexity of the process, the high values of the gears, and in particular the hob milling tool, the research of the bases for optimizing the process of gear cutting by hob milling requires significant financial resources and significant efforts of the researchers. In the modern production of gears there is a continuous demand for increasing the economy. In the gear cutting process improvements of the production equipment and materials for the cutting elements of the hob milling tools are necessary. In this paper an analysis of the tool life of coated hob milling tools for gear cutting of cylindrical gears is given. The experimental results have shown that the hob milling tools with inserted combs coated with TiAlN outperform the hob milling tools with inserted combs coated with TiN. They have higher resistance of 60.6 %.

Mathematical Model and Surface Deviation of Cylindrical Gears With Curvilinear Shaped Teeth Cut by a Hob Cutter

2004 ◽  
Vol 127 (5) ◽  
pp. 982-987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jui-Tang Tseng ◽  
Chung-Biau Tsay
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Cutting Mechanism ◽  
Cylindrical Gear ◽  
Cylindrical Gears ◽  
Tooth Gear ◽  
Surface Deviations ◽  
Surface Deviation ◽  
Cutter Design

The generating motion of a cylindrical gear with curvilinear shaped teeth cut by a CNC hobbing machine is proposed. On the basis of the cutting mechanism and the gear theory, the surface equation of this type of gear is developed as a function of hob cutter design parameters. Computer graphs of the curvilinear-tooth gear are presented based on the developed gear’s mathematical model, and the tooth surface deviations due to machine-tool settings with nominal radius of circular tooth traces are also investigated.

scholarly journals Reconstitution of the geometric elements of a conic gear

2020 ◽  
Vol XXIII (1) ◽  
pp. 55-65
Author(s):  
Mihaela Turof
Keyword(s):  
Equivalence Relations ◽  
Cylindrical Gear ◽  
Cylindrical Gears ◽  
Axial Forces ◽  
Conical Gears ◽  
High Dynamic ◽  
Geometric Elements ◽  
Conical Gear

Conical gears are used if the axes of the shafts between which the rotation movement is transmitted are concurrent. The technology of execution of these gears is more demanding, they are more sensitive to the deviations of execution and / or assembly and introduce large axial forces, which complicates, to some extent, the construction of the supports of the wheel support shafts. The straight-toothed conical gears, with relatively simple wheels for technological purposes, are used only at low peripheral speeds (𝑣 < 3 𝑚/𝑠), when step deviations and those of the tooth profiles do not yet produce high dynamic demands and noise. These gears, however, are sensitive to less precise mountings and to deformations, under load, of the support shafts. The calculation of the resistance of the conical gears, in contact and bending, is performed accepting the same calculation assumptions as in the calculation of cylindrical gears with straight teeth. It is, therefore, necessary to make a transition from the conical gear to an imaginary cylindrical gear, called virtual gear, and to find equivalence relations between the two gears - real and virtual.

Penjadwalan Mesin dengan Metode Integer Linear Programming pada PT. XYZ

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fransiskus Lauson Matondang ◽  
Rosnani Ginting
Keyword(s):  
Integer Programming ◽  
Time Delays ◽  
Parallel Machines ◽  
Research Concept ◽  
Total Settlement ◽  
Approach Method ◽  
Additional Costs ◽  
Maximum Completion Time ◽  
Completion Times ◽  
Better Than

PT XYZ sering mengalami keterlambatan waktu karena dalam setiap keterlambatan yang dilakukan selalu ada penalty yang diberikan kepada perusahaan dan hal ini mengakibatkan tambahan biaya , oleh karena itu hal ini harus dihindari dengan membuat penjadwalan yang efisien, dalam hal ini dilakukanlah perbaikan dengan meminimisasi waktu penyelesaian maksimum Cmax pada mesin paralel yang berpola aliran flowshop (dan tidak boleh dilakukan interupsi yang dilakukan pada pekerjaan yang sedang diproses, untuk melakukan pekerjaan lainnya, satu lintasan hanya memproduksi satu produk dan hanya satu produk juga yang dikerjakan secara langsung. Waktu penyelesaian yang berbeda dari setiap mesin dengan pengerjaannya juga adalah masalah yang dihadapi untuk menjadikan mesin mesin ini sesuai menjadi satu penjadwalan yang terintegrasi dengan metode integer programming yang membuat penjadwalan dengan konsep riset operasi dengan metode pendekatan 0-1 utuk menjadi lebih efisien lagi , dihasilkan minimisasi keterlambatan total penyelesaian order dengan 42,28 menit lebih baik dari sebelumnya.   PT XYZ often experiences time delays because in every delay made there is always a penalty given to the company and this results in additional costs, therefore this must be avoided by making efficient scheduling, in this case repairs are carried out by minimizing the maximum completion time of Cmax on parallel machines that are patterned with flowshop flow (and no interruptions should be carried out on the work being processed, to do other work, one track only produces one product and only one product is directly worked. Different completion times of each machine with the workmanship is also the problem faced to make this machine suitable to be one scheduling integrated with integer programming methods that makes scheduling with the operational research concept with the 0-1 approach method to be more efficient, resulting in minimization of the delay in the total settlement of orders with 42.28 minutes was better than before.

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