STRATEŠKO KOMUNICIRANJE KOT ELEMENT MOČI DRŽAVE

2018 ◽  
pp. 85-103
Author(s):  
MARJAN SIRK
Keyword(s):  
Public Information ◽  
State Power ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Strategic Communication ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Public Affairs ◽  
Communication Strategy ◽  
Strategic Communications ◽  
Information Campaigns ◽  
State Management

Povzetek Zgodovina kaže, da so bili ljudje vedno, še pred izbruhom vojne, deležni vplivov v obliki pojasnil, razlag, informacijskih kampanj in podobnega, kar pa je bilo zelo odvisno od tega, kako so razmere videli ali jih želeli prikazati pomembni akterji, predvsem aktualna oblast. Vodstvo države torej komunicira tako z državljani svoje države kot z državami oziroma oblastjo in državljani drugih držav ter naddržavnimi in nedržavnimi subjekti. Namen tega komuniciranja je doseči ali podpirati dosego določenega strateškega cilja, h kateremu so usmerjeni vse dejavnosti in elementi moči države, tudi njenih oboroženih sil. Komunikacijska strategija in njeno ustrezno izvajanje lahko odločilno prispevata k uresničevanju nacionalnih ciljev, država pa lahko z učinkovitim strateškim komuniciranjem deluje tudi v podporo njenim oboroženim silam in odločilno prispeva k varnosti države. Zato je strateško komuniciranje element in orodje moči države, ki pa ga je treba ustrezno uporabiti. Strateško komuniciranje izvajajo tudi zavezništva, pa tudi naddržavni in nedržavni subjekti. Zveza Nato je razvila politiko in koncept strateških komunikacij, ki to zahtevno in široko področje natančno opredeljuje. Kljub temu marsikdaj in v številnih državah, tudi članicah zavezništva, pojem strateškega komuniciranja enačimo (le) z odnosi z javnostmi. Ključne besede: komuniciranje, strategija, strateško komuniciranje, oborožene sile, država, javnosti, informacijsko delovanje, psihološke operacije. Abstract History has shown that even before the outbreak of a war, people were influenced by different clarifications, explanations, information campaigns and the like. These instruments, however, were strongly conditioned by how the situation was perceived or wanted to be shown by important actors, especially the authorities in power. State management therefore uses this means to communicate with the citizens of its country as well as with the countries or authorities and citizens of other countries as well as with transnational and non-state entities. The purpose of this communication is to achieve or support the achievement of a specific strategic goal, which all activities and elements of state power, including its armed forces, aim for. The communication strategy and its proper implementation can make a decisive contribution to the achievement of national goals. The state, on the other hand, can use effective strategic communication to support its armed forces and decisively contribute to the country’s security. Strategic communications is therefore an element and tool of state power, which, however, needs to be used in a proper manner. Strategic communications is also carried out by alliances, as well as transnational and non-state actors. NATO has developed strategic communications concept and policy, which accurately defines this demanding and broad subject area. Nevertheless, in many countries, including members of the Alliance, the concept of strategic communication is many a time associated (only) with public affairs. Key words: Communication, strategy, strategic communications, armed forces, state, public, information operations, psychological operations

scholarly journals NATOV KONCEPT STRATEŠKIH KOMUNIKACIJ V REPUBLIKI SLOVENIJI S POUDARKOM NA SLOVENSKI VOJSKI

2016 ◽  
pp. 67-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
NINA RADUHA
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Public Relations ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Strategic Communication ◽  
Comprehensive Approach ◽  
Strategic Communications ◽  
Security Environment ◽  
Strategic Public Relations ◽  
Planning Processes ◽  
Modern Information

Natov koncept strateških komunikacij, ki je osrednja tema prispevka, je v Sloveniji in Slovenski vojski premalo poznan in uporabljen pojem, še manj je znana njegova vsebina. Pogosto je napačno razumljen in enačen s strateškimi odnosi z javnostmi. Ni direktivno sprejet in uveden v procese odločanja in načrtovanja, vendar v ospredje vedno bolj prihaja zavedanje, da je nujen, in sicer z vsemi svojimi zmogljivostmi in na vseh ravneh delovanja, kot eden ključnih načinov celovitega pristopa k učinkovitemu reševanju kriz v svetu in vedno bolj tudi v domačem okolju. Cilj pisanja je na diplomatski in vojaški ter taktični in strateški ravni spodbuditi zavedanje o nujnosti, pomembnosti in uporabnosti koncepta strateških komunikacij v sodobnem informacijskem času. S predstavitvijo teoretičnega okvira, vsebine in resničnih implikacij koncepta strateških komunikacij v praksi drugih držav, zavezniških in nasprotnikovih sil želimo s prispevkom poiskati zanimanje in pot do stvarne uvedbe in uporabe koncepta v slovenskem okolju. Analitični pregled stanja v Slovenski vojski in širše pokaže, da se sistem še ne zaveda nujnosti uvajanja koncepta v uporabo, čeprav bi se moral. V sklepu so zato zapisani izhodišča in podlaga za gradnjo obravnavanega koncepta v našem okolju, ki bodo predvsem v SV in na Ministrstvu za obrambo, pa tudi širše v slovenskem okolju, temelj za razpravo o oblikovanju nujnih odgovorov na izzive sodobnega varnostnega okolja. In Slovenia and the Slovenian Armed Forces, NATO's Strategic Communication's Concept, which is the main topic of this article, is a little known and used term, while its contents is even less known. It is often misunderstood and compared to strategic public relations. It has not been regulated and incorporated into the decision-making and planning processes. However, the awareness of its paramount importance is coming more and more to the fore. It is needed with all its capabilities and at all levels of operation as one of the key ways of adopting a comprehensive approach to an effective resolution of crisis worldwide and, more and more, in Slovenia. The aim of this article is to encourage the awareness on the urgency, importance and usefulness of the concept of strategic communication in the modern information era. By presenting the theoretical framework, contents and actual implications of the strategic communications concept in the practice of other nations, allied and adversary forces, we aim at ascertaining interest and way to actually implement and apply the concept in Slovenia. According to the analytical overview of the situation in the Slovenian Armed Forces and beyond, the system is not yet aware of the urgency of implementing the concept, although it should be. The conclusion thus includes the platform and foundation for the formulation of the discussed concept in Slovenian environment, which will serve as the basis for the Slovenian Armed Forces, the Ministry of Defence and other institutions to discuss the formulation of urgent responses to the challenges posed by the modern security environment

scholarly journals DRUŽBENA OMREŽJA KOT IZZIV KOMUNICIRANJA V SLOVENSKI VOJSKI

2013 ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
NINA RADUHA
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
New Media ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Public Affairs ◽  
Communication Strategy ◽  
Public Image ◽  
Major Step ◽  
The Public ◽  
German Armed Forces ◽  
Communication Method

Slovenska vojska je na družbenih omrežjih aktivna od januarja 2013. Od takrat je naredila velik korak v komuniciranju znotraj tako imenovanih novih medijev, vendar še ne dosega ravni in načina komuniciranja zavezniških držav. Zato bo morala še veliko napora usmeriti v oblikovanje strategije komuniciranja znotraj družbenih omrežij, da bo izkoristila moč in doseg takšnega načina komuniciranja z javnostjo. Članek z analizo polletnega komuniciranja Slovenske vojske na družbenih omrežjih in s predstavitvijo dveh študij primerov, narejenih na ravni nemške vojske in Nata, potrjuje prej navedeno. Rezultati so pokazali, da je razvita komunikacijska strategija dobra, da s komuniciranjem prek družbenih omrežij Slovenska vojska bogato dopol- njuje svojo strategijo odnosov z javnostmi, da se predstavlja še bolj pregledno in da vedno bolj aktivno sodeluje z zainteresiranimi javnostmi. Najboljše komunikacijske rezultate dosega na Facebooku, medtem ko je v razvoju drugih omrežij, pridobiva- nju zaupanja organizacije in njenih zaposlenih v socialne medije ter v oblikovanju organizacijske kulture komuniciranja na teh ravneh še veliko dela, ki ga je treba opraviti. Pri tem ne smemo pozabiti, da je treba vse aktivnosti Slovenske vojske na družbenih omrežjih vnaprej in načrtno ter skladno z načrtovano celostno podobo or- ganizacije v javnosti razvijati do podrobnosti in hkrati aktivno slediti novim težnjam in aktivnemu dialogu z javnostmi. The Slovenian Armed Forces has become actively involved in social networks in January 2013. Since then, it has taken a major step in the communication within the so-called new media; however, it has still not attained the level and mode of com- munication of other allied countries. Much effort will thus have to be devoted to the development of a communication strategy within social networks in order to make use of the power and reach of such a public communication method. The article supports the above-mentioned facts with the analysis of six-month social network communication activities of the Slovenian Armed Forces and the presentation of two case studies carried out at in the German Armed Forces and NATO. The results have shown that the developed communication strategy was good; that Slovenian Armed Forces’ communication activities through social networks represent a rich comple- ment to its public affairs strategy; that such activities aid to its transparent presen- tation, and that its involvement with the interested public is becoming increasin- gly active. The best communication results have been achieved on Facebook, while there is still much to be done in the development of other networks, in building trust in social media within the organization and its employees, and in creating an orga- nizational culture of communication at these levels. In so doing, one must not forget that all Slovenian Armed Forces’ social networks activities should be thoroughly developed in advance and in a premeditated manner as well as in accordance with the planned corporate public image of the organization. At the same time, it should actively follow new trends and active dialogue with the public.

scholarly journals An Analysis of Common Security and Defence Policy’s (CSDP) Strategic Communication (StratCom)

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Kieran Doyle ◽  
Tedla Desta
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Public Diplomacy ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Strategic Communication ◽  
External Action ◽  
Public Affairs ◽  
International Media ◽  
Structural Problems ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Common Security

Strategic communication (StratCom) is established as one of the key functions and interests of contemporary organisations and governments. The usefulness and importance of strategic communication becomes even more essential when the organisation is defence and security-focused or involved in crisis management. The objective of this study was to assess the strategic communication practices, and inherent challenges of communicating Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) and present relevant reflections. A documentary analysis of the relevant EU websites and social media pages of 16 CSDP missions and operations was conducted. This was supplemented with eight key-informant interviews with Press and Public Information Officers (PPIOs) of CSDP and EU strategists. The research demonstrated that most CSDP missions and operations are present on most social media platforms but they often garner very small number of likes, comments, shares, replies or interactions from their targeted audiences. Features of an echo-chamber are also observed. The study also found that public affairs (information) and public diplomacy were the two main forms of strategic communication that the CSDP utilises. CSDP’s strategic communication also tends to take a one-way StratCom process. The challenges faced in terms of StratCom by CSDP are not uniform; they are contextual ranging from resource, translation to mismatch of expectations. The major challenge, however, emanates from the structural problems of CSDP or the EU itself that are beyond the European External Action Service (EEAS) or the relevant Press and Public Information Offices (PPIOs). The study recommendations include quicker EU level political and policy compromise on CSDP, training and resource improvements for StratCom, ‘storytelling and use of real people’, highlighting gender, rights and local ownership, increasing the link with the international media and regular and appropriate self-appraisals.

Strategic communications: the experience of Afghanistan for Ukraine

2021 ◽  
pp. 65-72
Author(s):  
A. Rogovchenko
Keyword(s):  
Department Of Defense ◽  
Humanitarian Aid ◽  
Strategic Communication ◽  
Opinion Leaders ◽  
Information Warfare ◽  
International Organisations ◽  
Strategic Communications ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Information Campaigns ◽  
The Government

The article is dedicated to the experience of developing strategic communications in Afghanistan after Taliban regime has lost power and military and humanitarian aid missions came to the country; strengths and weaknesses of strategic communications documents are analyzed, conclusions on success reached in implementing strategic communications are made. The article analyzes strategic communication plans of ISAF NATO, USA Department of Defense and of other international missions active in the country; research papers on this topic were studied. Government efforts in establishing communication with population and negotiation with Taliban by creating GMIC and establishing High Peace Council are described. The paper leads to the following conclusions: implementing information campaigns and communication strategies resulted in positive changes of communication landscape in the country and increasing awareness of the population on activities of the Government and international organisations: double-sided communication with the population remains being poor; counteracting Taliban’s information warfare is established but is not efficient. Further work on effective strategic communication includes deeper inclusion of culture factors, inclusion of opinion leaders, decreasing a say-do gap of Afghan Government and international missions.

INTRODUCTION STRATEGIC COMMUNICATIONS AND THE ARMED FORCES

2019 ◽  
pp. 11-14
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Public Diplomacy ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Strategic Communication ◽  
Strategic Communications ◽  
The Future ◽  
Fast Development ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Psychological Operations

This second edition in the 21st year of the publication of ‘Contemporary Military Challenges’ is dedicated to strategic communications and their influence, connections and interactions connected to the armed forces. Maybe you have already noticed that we use the term communications, and not communication? At first glance, many would think that the difference between these words and phrases is minor and irrelevant, because strategic communication and strategic communications cannot be that different in meaning; while others may be of the opinion that one form or the other is incorrect. Terminological consensus has not yet been reached in Slovene or in English. Based on the opinion of the Fran Ramovš Institute of the Slovenian Language1, the term ‘strategic communications’ is used in Slovene in this edition in the context of the NATO concept. We would like to emphasize that we are not trying to codify the use with our choice of the term, but rather seeking to achieve consistency and encourage debate. The articles in this edition show that a lot of effort needs to be put into terminology. Some believe that it is not important to focus on small terminological differences, claiming that it is the content and its associated development that really matters. But is that really the case? While preparing this themed edition, we encountered numerous challenges, beginning with the planning phase itself. The basic idea was to devote some attention to the communications and communication of armed forces with different target audiences (internal or external), in different forms, such as classic media, social media, various public events and the use of force, among others. For the armed forces, the relationships within the forces, that is, between their personnel, and the relationships with other audiences, who may decide on the functioning and future of the armed forces, are of the utmost importance. In order to achieve the best possible result, we contacted Professor Marjan Malešič, PhD, from the Faculty of Social Sciences, a long-standing coordinator of the Public Opinion, Mass Media and the Military Working Group at the European Association of Military Sociologists, Ergomas. This edition includes some content from the special edition of the international publication on Strategic Communication, entitled ‘Guidelines for the Future of Strategic Communication’, published by Routledge Publications in November 2018. We have addressed not only the issue of terminology, but also the concept. This topic often appears in writing and has a rich history in terms of its content. The terms used most frequently in its history are: propaganda (the oldest), public relations, information influencing, communication, strategic communication, corporate communication, and strategic communications, among others. As concepts, they are listed in the NATO Military Concept for Strategic Communications, and described as the coordinated and dedicated use of NATO’s information-communication capabilities and activities. These include activities in public diplomacy, public relations, information and psychological operations, serving as an appropriate support of the politics, operations and activities of the Alliance for the implementation of NATO goals. The Republic of Slovenia has been a member of the Alliance for 15 years. The Slovenian Armed Forces have been fully engaged in various NATO activities and committed to NATO’s Strategic Communications Concept. So, the title of this themed edition is ‘Strategic Communications and the Armed Forces’. The conceptual and terminological aspects are only two of the many aspects of exploring this interdisciplinary and highly relevant topic. With its fast development, it offers many opportunities, but also questions. In the future, there will be even more opportunities for research, debate and various solutions.

scholarly journals The Impact of Policy Measures on Human Mobility, COVID-19 Cases, and Mortality in the US: A Spatiotemporal Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 996
Author(s):  
Yun Li ◽  
Moming Li ◽  
Megan Rice ◽  
Haoyuan Zhang ◽  
Dexuan Sha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Information Campaigns ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
The Us ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
At Home

Social distancing policies have been regarded as effective in containing the rapid spread of COVID-19. However, there is a limited understanding of policy effectiveness from a spatiotemporal perspective. This study integrates geographical, demographical, and other key factors into a regression-based event study framework, to assess the effectiveness of seven major policies on human mobility and COVID-19 case growth rates, with a spatiotemporal emphasis. Our results demonstrate that stay-at-home orders, workplace closures, and public information campaigns were effective in decreasing the confirmed case growth rate. For stay-at-home orders and workplace closures, these changes were associated with significant decreases (p < 0.05) in mobility. Public information campaigns did not see these same mobility trends, but the growth rate still decreased significantly in all analysis periods (p < 0.01). Stay-at-home orders and international/national travel controls had limited mitigation effects on the death case growth rate (p < 0.1). The relationships between policies, mobility, and epidemiological metrics allowed us to evaluate the effectiveness of each policy and gave us insight into the spatiotemporal patterns and mechanisms by which these measures work. Our analysis will provide policymakers with better knowledge regarding the effectiveness of measures in space–time disaggregation.

scholarly journals Research on Organizational Communication

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catrin Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Communication ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
Public Information ◽  
International Perspective ◽  
Internal Communication ◽  
Information Campaigns ◽  
Research Themes ◽  
Wide Definition ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract Swedish research on organizational communication is characterized by empirical, qualitative research. The tradition of holistic and profound case studies is strong. In this article, a wide definition of organizational communication is employed, including research focusing on both internal and external communication. Research themes and methods are reviewed and discussed. The majority of the studies concern public information, including health communication and crisis communication. Particularly, scholars have studied planning and evaluation of information campaigns concerning health, traffic and environment; and more recently, authority communication during major crises in society. Research focusing on organizations’ internal communication includes topics such as superior-subordinate communication, organizational learning, sensemaking, communication strategies and communication efficiency. Strengths and weaknesses following from this empirical case study research tradition are highlighted. Finally, the contribution of Swedish research in an international perspective is discussed.

scholarly journals Humanitarian Assistance of Italy to Ukraine in 2014-2018 рр.

2019 ◽  
pp. 107-124
Author(s):  
Olga Sukhobokova
Keyword(s):  
Public Information ◽  
Humanitarian Aid ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Humanitarian Assistance ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Strong Ties ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Humanitarian Organizations ◽  
Italian Government ◽  
The Government

The article deals with the provision of humanitarian aid to Ukraine by the government and society (citizens) of Italy during the period of Russian armed aggression against Ukraine (2014-2018). Among them are the efforts of the large Ukrainian community in Italy (according to official figures in Italy, there are more than 230 thousand Ukrainians registered). The directions, volumes and methods of relief assistance for Ukrainian military and population in war-affected areas in eastern Ukraine and settlers were analyzed. It was determined that government financial assistance (over 3 million euros was allocated for 2014-2018) during this period came through international humanitarian organizations, which deal with the civilian people affected by the armed conflict and the program of demining of ukrainian territories. The Ukrainian community in Italy provides individual assistance (from individuals) and from organizations (for example, the Congress of Ukrainians in Italy, “EuroMaydan-Rome” and others). Ukrainian communities of entire cities and regions may be involved in collecting a large sum (the most active are Ukrainians in Rome, Brescia, Milan, Naples).Mostly Ukrainians provided cars for units of the Ukrainian Armed Forces and volunteer groups in the area of fighting, equipment, clothes and funds for the needs of Ukrainian defenders, as well as food and gifts for them to holidays, organized humanitarian cargoes for the victims of the war of the population. At the same time, the Ukrainian community in Italy tried to hold public information events in support of Ukraine in the early years of the Russian-Ukrainian War and inform the Italian society and authorities about the events in it.The third source of humanitarian aid for Ukraine in Italy is Italian voluntary associations such as “Italy-Ukraine-Maidan”, which independently delivers the largest humanitarian cargo to the east of Ukraine. Italy’s assistance to Ukraine is considered in the context of the socio-political processes and the foreign policy line of the Italian government. It is determined how the traditional strong ties between Italy and Russia affect for the attitude and assistance to Ukraine.

19 Art. 20 GG: Democracy

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bumke Christian ◽  
Voßkuhle Andreas
Keyword(s):  
Public Information ◽  
Voting Rights ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Political Will ◽  
Information Campaigns ◽  
The People ◽  
State Authority ◽  
Federal Constitutional ◽  
District Assemblies

This chapter discusses the democracy principle as articulated in Art. 20 of the Grundgesetz (GG). Art. 20 para. 2 GG defines democracy in this manner: ‘All state authority is derived from the people. It shall be exercised by the people’. GG associates the concept of democracy with the concept of the state. Although the Federal Constitutional Court has avoided any reference to the principle of democracy, it has interpreted some fundamental rights in light of the principle. The chapter first considers the Court's jurisprudence regarding political will formation in a representative democracy, focussing on cases dealing with voting rights of foreigners, elections to district assemblies, popular referendum, and public-information campaigns. It then examines cases relating to exercise of state authority, with emphasis on the position of Parliament in relation to other branches of government, forms of democratic legitimation, and functional self-government.

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