scholarly journals PREDSTAVITEV MODELA ZA PREPOZNAVANJE HIBRIDNIH GROŽENJ

2018 ◽  
pp. 105-118
Author(s):  
DAVID STONIČ
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Security System ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Security Environment ◽  
The North ◽  
Hybrid Threats ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Hybrid Actors ◽  
Output Information

Povzetek V spremenjenem varnostnem okolju moramo razviti ustrezne koncepte in orodja za pravočasno prepoznavanje in opredelitev hibridnih groženj, da bi se lahko uspešno odzvali. Oblikovali smo model, ki grožnje poveže z akterjem. Ovrednoteni obveščevalni podatki so vstopne informacije v izdelan model za ocenjevanje hibridne ogroženosti nacionalne varnosti. Izhodna informacija je identificirana hibridna grožnja. Ob izpolnitvi pogoja hibridne ogroženosti lahko nacionalnovarnostni sistem začne izvajati ukrepe, ki bi zmanjšali zmožnosti delovanja hibridnega akterja. Zavedanje o obstoju hibridnih groženj in njihovo identificiranje bo spodbudilo odločevalce v nacionalnovarnostnem sistemu, da bodo zagotovili ustrezno hibridno odpornost države, saj je primarna odgovornost za spoprijemanje s hibridnimi grožnjami predvsem odgovornost države. Nujen je celostni vladni pristop v povezavi z Evropsko unijo in Severnoatlantskim zavezništvom. Ključne besede: hibridne grožnje, indikatorji konvencionalnega ogrožanja, indikatorji nekonvencionalnega ogrožanja. Abstract In the changed security environment, we have to be able to develop appropriate concepts and tools for timely identification and definition of hybrid threats. We have developed a model, which relates threats with actors. The evaluated intelligence then serves as input information for the national security hybrid threat evaluation model. The output information is an identified hybrid threat. When a hybrid threat is identified, the national security system can take adequate measures to hinder the operational ability of hybrid actors. The awareness of hybrid threats and their identification will encourage decision makers in the national security system to ensure adequate hybrid resilience of the country, since countering hybrid threats is a state’s primary responsibility, which requires a comprehensive governmental approach in cooperation with the European Union and the North Atlantic Alliance. Key words: Hybrid threats, conventional threat indicators, unconventional threat indicators

scholarly journals NATO-EU Cooperation in Cybersecurity and Cyber Defence Offers Unrivalled Advantages

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 35-55
Author(s):  
Peter Poptchev
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Hybrid Threats ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Guide Lines ◽  
The U.S

The article identifies the trends as well as documented instances of adversarial cyberattacks and hybrid warfare against NATO and EU Member States. It illustrates how these adversarial activities impact on the broader aspects of national security and defence, the socio-economic stability and the democratic order of the states affected, including on the cohesion of their respective societies. Cyberattacks by foreign actors—state and non-state—including state-sponsored attacks against democratic institutions, critical infrastructure and other governmental, military, economic, academic, social and corporate systems of both EU and NATO Member States have noticeably multiplied and have become more sophisticated, more destructive, more expensive and often indiscriminate. The cyber and hybrid threats are increasingly seen as a strategic challenge. The article presents some salient topics such as the nexus between cyberattacks and hybrid operations; the game-changing artificial intelligence dimension of the cyber threat; and the viability of public attributions in cases of cyberattacks. On the basis of analysis of the conceptual thinking and policy guide-lines of NATO, the European Union and of the U.S., the author makes the case that a resolute Trans-Atlantic cooperation in the cyber domain is good for the security of the countries involved and essential for the stability of today’s cyber-reliant world.

scholarly journals Development of the Croatian National Security Strategy in the Hybrid Threats Context

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (80) ◽  
pp. 97-129
Author(s):  
Drazen Smiljanic
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Threat Assessment ◽  
Security Strategy ◽  
Hybrid Warfare ◽  
Security Environment ◽  
National Security Strategy ◽  
State And Society ◽  
Hybrid Threats ◽  
Societal Resilience ◽  
The Republic

AbstractThe development of the new National Security Strategy (NSS) of the Republic of Croatia, begun in November 2016, takes place in a radically different security environment compared to the first (and current) Croatian NSS published in 2002. This paper aims to provide incentives for potential adaptations to the approach and methodology used in Croatia’s NSS development, particularly in relation to hybrid warfare. Assuming that the hybrid adversary tends heavily to exploit the vulnerabilities of the targeted state and society, the paper addresses some of Croatia’s widely recognized weaknesses that should be taken into consideration in a threat assessment. As a conclusion, the paper proposes some recommendations, including the concept of societal resilience, related to ways to counter hybrid threats.

POLAND IN DEVELOPING EUROPEAN SECURITY SYSTEM – MILITARY ASPECT

2011 ◽  
Vol 161 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-44
Author(s):  
Marek KULCZYCKI
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Security System ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Security ◽  
The North ◽  
European Area ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
Military Activity ◽  
Military Units

The article describes Poland’s involvement in the activities of three organisations: NATO, EU and OSCE, which constitute the basis of the European security system. This activity has been shown over the last two decades, from the early 1990s until today. The author of the article describes the employment of Polish military units in the operations conducted by the North Atlantic Alliance and the European Union in the European area as well as the civil and military activity in the missions conducted by OSCE. The article also mentions the Polish contribution to maintaining security on our continent.

scholarly journals STATE PROGRAM FOR NATO-UKRAINE COOPERATION 2001-2004: PRIORITIES AND TASKS IN THE CONTEXT OF EURO-ATLANTIC INTEGRATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 137-144
Author(s):  
Serhii POPKO
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
The State ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Security ◽  
Council Of Europe ◽  
State Program ◽  
The North ◽  
Bilateral Relations

The State Program for NATO – Ukraine Cooperation 2001-2004 is analyzed, its priorities and features in the context of the development of bilateral relations are determined. It has been established that the content of the program has become a logical continuation of the previous one and should, in the short term, ensure the fullest / best possible implementation of terms of the Charter on a Distinctive Partnership (1997). It is shown that the President of Ukraine, as well as the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine (NSDC) and on its behalf, the State Interagency Commission for NATO – Ukraine Cooperation, have overseen the implementation of the program. The author notes that its adoption took place during the intensification of Ukraine's foreign policy activities aimed at deepening constructive cooperation with the European Union (EU), the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council (EAPC), the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) and the Council of Europe. The program played an important role in the path to the state's declared accession to the North Atlantic Alliance. During this period, it became one of the main directions of the state policy on national security in the context of the formation of the new architectonics of European security of the 21st century. It is claimed that in the political area the program was meant to ensure the implementation of national policy on European and Euro-Atlantic integration, to increase the level of independence guarantees, territorial integrity and inviolability of Ukrainian borders, its national security, as well as to promote the principles of democracy, respect for the rights and freedoms of man and citizen, the rule of law in Ukraine. Keywords Ukraine, NATO, Euro-Atlantic Integration, national security, Armed Forces of Ukraine (ZSU).

scholarly journals Rising Significance of the Air Force in Current Unpredictable Security Environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-246
Author(s):  
Radoslav IVANČÍK ◽  
Pavel NEČAS
Keyword(s):  
Air Force ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Security Environment ◽  
The North

This paper is a continuation of the ongoing research of authors whose, within the framework of interdisciplinary scientific research, deal with various aspects of ensuring the security and defence of the Slovak Republic and states that are members of the North Atlantic Alliance and the European Union. In their research, the authors point out a deterioration of the global and regional security environment, the growth of symmetrical and asymmetric security threats, the continued deterioration of the security situation in some regions, and negative consequences for the level of security and defence of states and their citizens. In order to contribute to the development of security and military science, the issue of the Air Forces and their extraordinary importance in guaranteeing comprehensive security and defence of the state and simultaneously ensuring collective defence in cooperation with the allies from NATO and EU is addressed and widely elaborated.

scholarly journals EDITORIAL

2012 ◽  
pp. 9-10
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Security System ◽  
Security Environment ◽  
Defence Budget ◽  
Imple Mentation ◽  
The Future ◽  
Defence Strategy ◽  
The Republic

You are looking at this year’s second issue which is dedicated to the Slovenian national security system, the role of the armed forces within it, and their future. The authors of this issue primarily come from the areas of the military and defence. It may be a coincidence, but the Slovenian national security system, the Slovenian Armed Forces and their future seem to play a less important role in times of solving other more challenging issues and situations. The need for rationality, economy, innovativeness and the achievement of maximum possible impact with minimum resources used is understandable, yet the national security system, as an integral part of international security, may thus become very fragile and vulnerable. The French economist and statesman of the 17th century, Jean-Baptiste Colbert, believed that trade was the source of finance, while finance was the vital nerve of war. Is it possible to assume that the lack of trade, and thus finance, may lead to social unrest and, consequently, the destabilisation of the national security system? Constant cuts in the defence budget should not hinder thinking and writing about the future of the Slovenian national security system and its individual elements which include the defence system and the Slovenian Armed Forces. What are the challen- ges and opportunities? In the introduction, Lieutenant-General Ştefan Dănilă, Chief of the General Staff of the Romanian Armed Forces expresses his views on the Role and use of the armed forces in the future. His thoughts are published at the beginning of this issue to give readers the impression of how the future of the armed forces is viewed in the country about ten times larger than Slovenia. Pavel Vuk, Sašo Nacevski and Renata Vrtovšek address the Defence strategy in the hierarchy of strategic documents on national security of the Republic of Slovenia by carrying out a comparative analysis of defence strategies of six countries and pre- senting guidelines for the preparation of a new defence strategy of the Republic of Slovenia. Gregor Garb devotes his attention to the Role of financial resources in the imple- mentation of a modern security paradigm regarding defence in selected countries. He describes and compares guidelines for the funding of defence systems in five countries – the Republic of Slovenia and its neighbours. Ivan Žnidar acquaints readers with Transformation challenges to safety and security at Slovenian sea. He states that comprehensive approach, cooperation, coordination and integration of various services for safety at sea present some of the answers to the question of the rationalisation of the modern security environment. Boris Rutar presents the Human Terrain System in the case of Afghanistan. He informs readers of achievements and applicability as well as new opportunities for NATO members. Blažka Erznožnik writes about the Importance of security forces training for the stabilisation of Afghanistan: NATO literacy project and the role of the Slovenian Armed Forces. She believes that the elimination of illiteracy presents a perfectly obvious means of support that significantly contributes to the long-term stability of Afghanistan and exposes the social usefulness of the armed forces. To conclude, a country’s stability depends on its financial situation, which in turn affects its defence capability.

scholarly journals Conditions for the process of ensuring the Republic of Poland’s security – selected problems

2021 ◽  
Vol 200 (2) ◽  
pp. 256-271
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Kęsoń
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Political ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Internal Security ◽  
Security Environment ◽  
The North ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic

The processes of ensuring Poland’s security require the constant analysis of many factors that significantly affect the possibility of the emergence of threats to external and internal security. From the point of view of this criterion of understanding security, the political, military, economic, and social factors are crucial. Along with Poland’s accession to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and the European Union, membership in these organizations has become the basis for building the national security system and is positively perceived by most of the society. However, it should be remembered that the volatility of the security environment and the immediate environment of Poland brings about new challenges (migration processes, energy supply issues, the power policy of the Russian Federation) that may give rise to anxiety and a sense of threat. The article aims to present selected conditions of the process of ensuring the security of Poland.

Part IV Power Politics, International Law, and Global Security, Ch.47 Europe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Methymaki Eleni ◽  
Ozcelik Asli
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
National Security ◽  
North Atlantic Treaty Organization ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Security ◽  
Global Security ◽  
Power Politics ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic

This chapter discusses the role of Europe as an actor of global (in)security. The place of Europe in the global security landscape is often analysed with a focus on the European Union or the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, or both. But European States’ security approaches are not subsumed under the policies and politics of these organizations. The chapter looks at the National Security Strategies (NSSs) of nineteen European States to identify the security approaches of European States’ from their national perspectives, inquiring at the same time whether an embryonic ‘European’ security perspective emerges from them. To evaluate whether this is borne out in practice, the chapter then considers two spheres of securitization which, as evident from the NSSs, are perceived as essential to the maintenance of Europe itself: security at its borders and in its wider neighbourhood.

DIRECTIONS AND CAUSES OF CHANGES IN THE COMMAND SYSTEM AND ORGANIZATION OF THE ARMED FORCES OF THE REPUBLIC OF POLAND

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (31) ◽  
pp. 93-104
Author(s):  
Wiesław Kamiński
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
International Security ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
North Atlantic Treaty Organization ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Security Environment ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
The Republic

The article presents the directions and causes of changes in the command system and organization of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland. It presents issues related to the changes that took place in the Polish Armed Forces after 1989 resulting from changes in the international security environment and resulting from Polish accession to the European Union and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

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