The Effectiveness of Kenikir and Betel Leaves Extract as Bio Fungicide to the Causes of Anthracnose Disease (Colletotrichum Capsici) on Chili Plants (Capsicum annum L.) with Invitro

Effectiveness Kenikir and Betle Leaft Extraction as Biofungicide to Cause Disease Antraknosa (Colletotricum capsici) On Chili (Capsicum annuum) in In vitro. The research was done in the Laboratory Protection Plant Agriculture Faculty University of Medan Area, was held since Mei to July 2018. The research use Design Random Complete (RAL) Non Factorial with treatment F0 = negative control (PDA Media 100 %) F1 = Positive control (Synthetic fungicide 0.2%), F2 = 20% kenikir+ 10%betel, F3 = 30 % kenikir+ 10%betel,, F4 = 40% kenikir+ 10%betel, F5 = 20% kenikir+ 20%betel, F6 = 30 % kenikir+ 20%betel, F7 = 40% kenikir+ 20%betel, F8 = 20% kenikir+ 30%betel, F9 = 30% kenikir+ 30%betel, F10 = 40 % kenikir+ 30%betel. The results of the study: the tested extract of kenikir and betel leaf leaves showed the same results for inhibiting the growth of colony diameter and percentage of fungi growth.

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PENGARUH FRAKSI EKSTRAK DAUN NIMBA (Azadirachta indica A.) DAN DAUN JARAK (Jatropha curcas L.) TERHADAP DIAMETER KOLONI DAN JUMLAH SPORA JAMUR Colletotrichum capsici PENYEBAB PENYAKIT ANTRAKNOSA PADA CABAI (Capsicum annum L.)

Jurnal Agrotek Tropika ◽

10.23960/jat.v1i3.2059 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Yanti Ningsih ◽

Efri Efri ◽

Titik Nur Aeny

Keyword(s):

Capsicum Annuum ◽

Azadirachta Indica ◽

Jatropha Curcas ◽

Jatropha Curcas L ◽

Capsicum Annum ◽

Colletotrichum Capsici ◽

Capsicum Annuum L

Tanaman cabai (Capsicum annuum L.) merupakan tanaman semusim yang tergolong dalam famili solanaceae. Budidaya cabai seringkali menghadapi banyak kendala terutama dalam usaha meningkatkan produktivitas, baik dalam hal kualitas maupun kuantitasnya. Salah satu penyakit yang menjadi kendala pada pertanaman cabai adalah penyakit antraknosa. Penyakit ini disebabkan oleh jamur Colletotrichum capsici dan pada tingkat tertentu dapat mengakibatkan kerugian yang cukup besar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas fraksi ekstrak daun nimba dan daun jarak sebagai biofungisida terhadap pertumbuhan C. capsici secara in vitro penyebab penyakit antraknosa pada cabai. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun nimba fraksi alkohol 90% , ekstrak daun jarak fraksi alkohol 10%, fraksi alkohol 90%, fraksi etil asetat 10% dan fraksi n-heksana 90% berpotensi sebagai fungisida nabati yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan koloni dan pembentukan spora C. capsici.

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Aktivitas Anti Cendawan Ekstrak Daun Sereh Wangi (Cymbopogon nardus L.) Terhadap Colletotrichum sp Penyebab Penyakit Antraknosa Pada Buah Cabai (Capsicum annum L.) Secara In Vitro Dan In Vivo

Agrologia ◽

10.30598/a.v4i1.220 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mohamad Ana Syabana ◽

Andree Saylendra ◽

Deri Ramdhani

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Capsicum Annum ◽

Anti Fungal

The aim of this research was to examine in vitro and in vivo anti fungal activity of citronella leaves extract against Colletotrichum sp caused antrachnose disease on chilli. The in vitro and in vivo research used randomized completely design (RCD) with one factor and five level. The factor was citronella leaves extract and the level were 0,1 % (v/v), 0,2 % (v/v), 0,3 % (v/v), 0,4 % (v/v), 0,5 % (v/v). Negative control treatment was conducted by growing Colletotrichum sp on PDA (in vitro) and chili (in vivo) without citronella leaves extract while positive control was conducted by growing Colletotrichum sp on PDA (in vitro) and chili (in vivo) containing synthetic fungicide. The in vitro study showed that the higher concentration of citronella leaves extract caused higher growth inhibition of Colletotrichum sp. Whereas the in vivo study resulted that higher concentration of citronella leaves extract caused lower incubation period of Colletotrichum sp, intensity of disease and weight loss of chillies. The highest concentration of citronella leaves extract (0,5%) has higher antifungal activity compared to other treatments and negative control while lower than positive control.

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Potency of Endophyte Microbes as an Antagonistic Agent for Colletotrichum capsici Causes Anthracnose Disease in Cayenne pepper (Capsicum frustescens)

el–Hayah ◽

10.18860/elha.v6i3.5804 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 104-111

Author(s):

Zahroul Afifah ◽

Ulfah Utami

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Cereus ◽

Culture Media ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Negative Control ◽

Dual Culture ◽

Anthracnose Disease ◽

Colletotrichum Capsici ◽

Trichoderma Sp

Background: An anthracnose disease caused by pathogenic fungal Colletotrichum capsici has been attacking the cayenne plants either harvested or has not been harvested. This disease must be handled appropriately and quickly because it can reduce the production of chili up to 90%. Recently, anthracnose disease prevention still use chemical fungicide that if applied for long time will cause new impact for environment. Objective: Trichoderma and Bacillus cereus endophytes may be used as antagonistic agents for C. capsici pathogens because they have various antibiotic compounds. Methods: This research uses experimental method. The stages of this study include sterilization of tools and materials, preparation of culture media of fungal and bacteria, rejuvenation of endophytic microbe culture Trichoderma sp. and Bacillus cereus, rejuvenation of C. capsici pathogen, antagonistic test in vitro using dual culture method. Result and conclusion: The results of in vitro antagonistic tests showed that inhibition percentage of Trichoderma treatment (96%) and combination treatment Trichoderma and B. cereus (97%) is not significantly different. While in B. cereus treatment (11, 88%) significantly different with all of treatments. Endophytes are shown by its dominating growth in petri dishes than C. capsici pathogen or B. cereus endophytes. Furthermore,for endophytes Trichoderma sp continued on in vivo test because it was most effective.The result for incubation period is 3 days after inoculation compared with negative control 2 days. For disease incidence 100%, and for disease intensity that is 61,25% compared with negative control equal to 88,75%.

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UJI DAYA ANTIMIKROBA EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN SIRIH MERAH (Piper Crocatum Ruiz & Pav.) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Eschericia coli ATCC 11229 DAN Candida albicans ATCC 10231 SECARA IN VITRO

Biomedika ◽

10.23917/biomedika.v4i1.258 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Anika Candrasari ◽

M. Amin Romas ◽

Ovi Rizky Astuti

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Candida Albicans ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Average Diameter ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Betel Leaf

Red betel leaf contains flavonoids, alkaloids and essential oils that are suspected able to inhibit the growth of microbes. This study aims to analyze antimicrobial activity of ethanol extract of red betel leaf agains to Staphylococcus aureus, Eschericia coli and Candida albicans. Subjects were red betel leaf ethanol extract at concentration of 2.5%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 40%, 80% and 100%. As a positive control used amoxycilin, chloramphenicol and ketoconazole. The study showed that concentration 10 % - 100 % inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. In Escherichia coli all the data obtained, having an average which is not much different from the mean of the negative control. While on Candida albicans average diameter of inhibition zone of extract concentration 40% p = 0.197 concluded that statistically has significant antifungal power compared with ketokonazole.Keywords: Ethanol extract, Piper Ruiz & Pav crocatum, Antimicrobial, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albican

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Uji In-Vitro Ekstrak Kulit Jengkol (Pithecellobium jiringa) sebagai Biofungisida terhadap Fusarium oxysporum, Colletotrichum capsici, dan Cercospora capsici pada Tanaman Cabai

Jurnal Ilmiah Pertanian ( JIPERTA) ◽

10.31289/jiperta.v2i2.332 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 144-157

Author(s):

Siswandi Siswandi ◽

Retna Astuti ◽

Maimunah Maimunah

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Fungal Pathogens ◽

Plant Protection ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Bark Extract ◽

Pepper Plant ◽

Skin Extract ◽

Colletotrichum Capsici

Research aims To determine the effectiveness of skin extract jengkol (Pithecellobium jiringa) effective as biofungisida against the disease-causing Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxyospurum), Antraknosa (Colletotrichum capsici) and patches leaf (Cercospora capsici) on a red pepper plant (Capsicum annuum L.),This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Medan Area, Biopharmaceutical Laboratories Faculty of Pharmacy, University of North Sumatra, from March to May 2019. This research used non factorial completely randomized design with three replications. Factors treatment of skin extract concentration jengkol ie negative control (no treatment); positive control (synthetic fungicides 0.2%); and successive concentration is 10%; 20%; 30%; 40%; 50%; 60%; 70%; 80%; 90%; and 100%. The results showed that administrationjengkol skin extract effective for controlling fungal pathogens (Colletotrichum capsici, Fusarium oxysporum and Cercospora capsici) that cause disease in plants red chili.Jengkol bark extract at a concentration of 90% obtained the highest percentage inhibition Fusarum oxysporum as big as 78.43% Highly significant with bark extract treatment jengkol 10% and a negative control (no treatment), at a concentration of 20% jengkol skin extract obtained the highest percentage inhibition of Colletotrichum capsici 82.49% Highly significant with bark extract treatment jengkol 10%, negative control (no treatment) and at a concentration of 50% jengkol skin extract obtained the highest percentage inhibition Cercospora capsici as big as 83.43% Highly significant with bark extract treatment jengkol 10%, 20% jengkol bark extract, bark extract jengkol 30% and analytical results.

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Aktivitas Antifungi Air Perasan Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) Terhadap Candida albicans Secara In Vitro

Jurnal Ilmu Kedokteran ◽

10.26891/jik.v9i2.2015.71-77 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 71

Author(s):

Nurhasanah Nurhasanah ◽

Fauzia Andrini ◽

Yulis Hamidy

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Allium Sativum ◽

Fungicidal Activity ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Completely Randomized Design

Shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) has been known as traditional medicine. Shallot which has same genus with garlic(Allium sativum L.) contains allicin that is also found in garlic and has been suspected has fungicidal activity toCandida albicans. It is supported by several researches. Therefore, shallot is suspected has antifungal activity too.The aim of this research was to know antifungal activity of shallot’s water extortion againsts Candida albicans invitro. This was a laboratory experimental research which used completely randomized design, with diffusion method.Shallot’s water extortion was devided into three concentrations, there were 50%, 100% and 200%. Ketoconazole 2%was positive control and aquadest was negative control. The result of this research based on analysis of varians(Anova), there was significant difference between several treatments and was confirmed with Duncan New MultipleRange Test (DNMRT) p<0,05, there was significant difference between 100% shallot’s water extortion with othertreatments, but there was no significant difference between 50% shallot’s water extortion with 200% shallot’s. Theconclusion was shallot’s water extortion had antifungal activity againsts Candida albicans with the best concentration100%, but it was lower than ketoconazole 2%.

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Investigation of potential anti-urolithiatic activity from different types of Musa pseudo-stem extracts in inhibition of calcium oxalate crystallization

BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies ◽

10.1186/s12906-020-03113-0 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mazni Abu Zarin ◽

Joo Shun Tan ◽

Paramasivam Murugan ◽

Rosma Ahmad

Keyword(s):

Calcium Oxalate ◽

Incubation Time ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Aggregation Assay ◽

Banana Tree ◽

Methanolic Extracts ◽

Different Types ◽

Aggregation Activity

Abstract Background The banana or scientifically referred to as Musa sp., is one of the most popular fruits all over the world. Almost all parts of a banana tree, including the fruits, stem juice, and flowers are commonly used as traditional medicine for treating diarrhoea (unripe), menorrhagia, diabetes, dysentery, and antiulcerogenic, hypoglycemic, antilithic, hypolipidemic conditions, plus antioxidant actions, inflammation, pains and even snakebites. The study carried out was to evaluate in vitro anti-urolithiatic activity from different types of Musa pseudo-stems. Methods Observing anti-urolithiathic activity via in vitro nucleation and aggregation assay using a spectrophotometer followed by microscopic observation. A total of 12 methanolic extracts were tested to determine the potential extracts in anti-urolithiasis activities. Cystone was used as a positive control. Results The results manifested an inhibition of nucleation activity (0.11 ± 2.32% to 55.39 ± 1.01%) and an aggregation activity (4.34 ± 0.68% to 58.78 ± 1.81%) at 360 min of incubation time. The highest inhibition percentage in nucleation assay was obtained by the Musa acuminate x balbiciana Colla cv “Awak Legor” methanolic pseudo-stem extract (2D) which was 55.39 ± 1.01%at 60 min of incubation time compared to the cystone at 30.87 ± 0.74%. On the other hand,the Musa acuminate x balbiciana Colla cv “Awak Legor” methanolic bagasse extract (3D) had the highest inhibition percentage in the aggregation assay incubated at 360 min which was obtained at 58.78 ± 1.8%; 5.53% higher than the cystone (53.25%).The microscopic image showed a great reduction in the calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals formation and the size of crystals in 2D and 3D extracts, respectively, as compared to negative control. Conclusions The results obtained from this study suggest that the extracts are potential sources of alternative medicine for kidney stones disease.

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Evaluation of ionic degradation and slot corrosion of metallic brackets by the action of different dentifrices

Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1590/s2176-94512013000100019 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 86-93

Author(s):

Gustavo Antônio Martins Brandão ◽

Rafael Menezes Simas ◽

Leandro Moreira de Almeida ◽

Juliana Melo da Silva ◽

Marcelo de Castro Meneghim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Artificial Saliva ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Sem Analysis ◽

Wilcoxon Test ◽

Surface Polishing ◽

Aluminium Ion ◽

Negative Controls

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the in vitro ionic degradation and slot base corrosion of metallic brackets subjected to brushing with dentifrices, through analysis of chemical composition by Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and qualitative analysis by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). METHODS: Thirty eight brackets were selected and randomly divided into four experimental groups (n = 7). Two groups (n = 5) worked as positive and negative controls. Simulated orthodontic braces were assembled using 0.019 x 0.025-in stainless steel wires and elastomeric rings. The groups were divided according to surface treatment: G1 (Máxima Proteção Anticáries®); G2 (Total 12®); G3 (Sensitive®); G4 (Branqueador®); Positive control (artificial saliva) and Negative control (no treatment). Twenty eight brushing cycles were performed and evaluations were made before (T0) and after (T1) experiment. RESULTS: The Wilcoxon test showed no difference in ionic concentrations of titanium (Ti), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe) and nickel (Ni) between groups. G2 presented significant reduction (p < 0.05) in the concentration of aluminium ion (Al). Groups G3 and G4 presented significant increase (p < 0.05) in the concentration of aluminium ion. The SEM analysis showed increased characteristics indicative of corrosion on groups G2, G3 and G4. CONCLUSION: The EDS analysis revealed that control groups and G1 did not suffer alterations on the chemical composition. G2 presented degradation in the amount of Al ion. G3 and G4 suffered increase in the concentration of Al. The immersion in artificial saliva and the dentifrice Máxima Proteção Anticáries® did not alter the surface polishing. The dentifrices Total 12®, Sensitive® and Branqueador® altered the surface polishing.

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In vitro insecticidal effect of commercial fatty acids, ß-sitosterol and rutin against the sugarcane aphid, Melanaphis sacchari Zehntner (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/jfp-21-329 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Liliana Aguilar Marcelino ◽

Jesús Antonio Pineda Alegría ◽

David Osvaldo Salinas-Sánchez ◽

Víctor Manuel Hernández Velázquez ◽

Gonzalo Iván Silva Aguayo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Tween 20 ◽

Agricultural Pests ◽

Melanaphis Sacchari ◽

Insecticidal Effect ◽

Sugarcane Aphid ◽

Alternative Means

The sugarcane aphid, Melanaphis sacchari Zehntner (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is the main pest of sorghum, Sorghum bicolor L. Moench (Poaceae), in Mexico. To control this insect, farmers currently use synthetic chemical insecticides, which are toxic to humans and biodiversity. However, natural products are a promising potential source of safer alternative means to control different agricultural pests. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the insecticidal effect of contact by fumigation of pure molecules of four commercial fatty acids (palmitic, stearic, pentadecanoic and linoleic acids), the phytosterol ß -sitosterol, and the flavonoid rutin. The results showed that fatty acids were the most effective against M. sacchari ; the highest mortality rate (85%) was produced by linoleic acid and the LC 50 was 1,181 ppm, followed by stearic and palmitic acids with mortality percentages of 74 and 63%, respectively, at a concentration of 2,500 ppm at 72 h. The positive control, imidacloprid, had 100% mortality in 24 h and the tween 20 negative control exhibited 4% mortality in 72 h. Our results show that commercial fatty acids are effective against adults of M. sacchari , and can be considered an environmentally friendly alternative to the frequent use of synthetic chemical insecticides.

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Evaluation of coconut water neutralized by different agents on the viability of human fibroblasts: an in vitro study

Revista de Odontologia da UNESP ◽

10.1590/1807-2577.09216 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 45 (4) ◽

pp. 234-239 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Priscilla Barbosa Ferreira SOARES ◽

Aletheia Moraes ROCHA ◽

Manuella Verdinelli de Paula REIS ◽

Camilla Christian Gomes MOURA ◽

Carlos José SOARES

Keyword(s):

Cell Viability ◽

Tap Water ◽

Human Fibroblasts ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Coconut Water ◽

Ph Adjustment ◽

Adjustment Method

Abstract Objective This study evaluated four types of pH adjustment of the coconut water (CW) on viability of human fibroblasts (HFF). Material and method Natural and industrialized CW were adjusted to pH 7.0 using: (1) Sodium Hidroxide (NaOH), (2) Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), (3) Triethanolamine (C6H15NO3), (4) 2-Amino-2-Methil-1-Propanol (C4H11NO). Fibroblasts were plated at 2×104/ well in 96 well plates and maintained in the CW solutions for 2 h and 4 h. Positive control was represented by HFF maintained in DMEM and the negative control by tap water. Cell viability was analyzed by MTT formazan method. Data were analyzed by 3-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s and Dunnet’s test. Result There are no significant effect on the cell viability regarding type of CW, period of evaluation, and the interactions between CW and period of evaluation, CW and pH adjustment method, pH adjustment method and period of evaluation (p>0.05). Conclusion The product used for CW pH adjustment did not influenced HFF viability, thought there are a tendency of better performance in natural CW.

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