scholarly journals Phytoremediation of organic pollutants in wastewater using native plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omayma N. Mohammed ◽  
Mohanad J. M-Ridha
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Free Surface Flow ◽  
Preliminary Test ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Phragmites Communis ◽  
Phytotoxicity Test

Phytoremediation is a promising technology for the cleanup of petroleum contaminated soil. Total petroleum hydrocarbon TPH are elements of difficult management and they can cause carcinogenesis and toxicity in human. Different techniques have been used for the remediation of contaminated soils, but the phytoremediation is proposed as possible alternative, convenient and environmentally friendly than traditional physicochemical techniques. In this study two systems adopted; free surface flow (FSF) and sub-surface flow (SSF) to select which system is more suitable for plant to be applied in future study of phytotoxicity test. The preliminary test for two types of plants phragmites communis (The scientific name is phragmites australis) and Helianthus annuus was conducted in a greenhouse for 14 days. The diesel concentrations used in this experiment were (0,1,2,3,5)% Vdiesel/Vwater for both systems. Through this period the growth parameters measured; were wet weight, dry weight, stem length, root length and observation the withered for the two plants. From this work, SSF better than FSF and Phragmites communis is better in phytoremediation than Helianthus annuus.

The Ratio of Plant Numbers to the Total Mass of Contaminant as One Factor in Scaling-up Phytoremediation Process

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Israa Abdul Wahab Al-Baldawi ◽  
Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah ◽  
Fatihah Suja ◽  
Nurina Anuar ◽  
Mushrifah Idris
Keyword(s):  
Total Mass ◽  
Preliminary Test ◽  
Scaling Up ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Contaminant Concentration ◽  
Phytotoxicity Test ◽  
Reed Bed ◽  
Phytotoxicity Tests ◽  
Selection Of

A toxicity test is carried out to select the contaminant concentration that a plant can tolerate in phytoremediation. We focused on the ratio of plant numbers to the total mass of contaminant as the factor for selection of contaminant concentration, nature of soil type and plant species in a diesel phytoremediation project. Based on the results of a preliminary test, Scirpus grossus could survive when the ratio of plant numbers to the total mass of diesel was more than 0.15 for 3% (Vdiesel/Vwater) after 14 days of exposure in a sub–surface flow system (SSF) containing 780 mL of diesel contaminated water with 33% percentage of withered plants. In a phytotoxicity test containing 7 L of diesel contaminated water, S. grossus could also survive with the ratio more than 0.07 for 2% (Vdiesel/Vwater) for 72 days of exposure with 36% percentage of withered plants. Based on the results of the preliminary and phytotoxicity tests, selection of diesel concentration in pilot scale containing 500 L of diesel contaminated water with 50 plants was fixed. Based on a minimum ratio of 0.05 from the preliminary and phytotoxicity tests, three diesel concentrations were selected to be 0.1, 0.175 and 0.25% to evaluate the performance of pilot reed bed to remediate diesel. Through the pilot study, the concentrations have resulted 10, 20 and 30% withered plants in the respective diesel concentration. The ratio of plant numbers to the total mass of contaminant must be considered as one factor to determine the phytotoxicity effects of the contaminant concentration in scaling-up a reed bed system for phytoremediation process.

scholarly journals (126) Response of Six Begonia Species to Different Substrate EC

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1085D-1085
Author(s):  
Ka Yeon Jeong ◽  
Claudio Pasian ◽  
David Tay
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth Parameter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Spad Value ◽  
Parameter Values

There is limited information on optimal substrate EC level for begonia species (noncultivated hybrids). The objective of this study was to evaluate the response of six species to different substrate EC in a greenhouse. Begonia albopicta, B. cucullata var. cucullata, B. echinosepala var. elongatifolia, B. holtonis, B. fuchsioides (red) and B. fuchsioides (pink) plants were propagated by stem cuttings, and transplanted into plastic pots using a soilless mix. Five concentrations (20, 80, 200, 400, and 600 mg·L-1 N) of 17–5–17 fertilizer were applied as irrigation water to derive the five substrate EC levels. This experiment was a factorial randomized complete-block design. Substrate EC was measured weekly using the PourThru method and averaged for each treatment of each species. Inflorescence number, the longest stem length, SPAD readings, leaf area, and dry weight of each plant were measured as growth parameters. There were significant responses to substrate EC level and species on begonia growth parameters. The highest growth parameters of B. albopicta and B. cucullata were obtained at EC 5.7 and 6.6 mS·cm-1, respectively. The maximum growth of B. echinosepala and B. holtonis was observed at 2.6 and 3.0 mS·cm-1, respectively. B. fuchsioides, grown at 1.2 mS·cm-1, had the best growth parameter values. As EC level increased, SPAD value for B. fuchsioides (pink) and B. holtonis also increased. The highest SPAD reading was observed at EC 3.7 mS·cm-1 for B. albopicta, EC 6.6 mS·cm-1 for B. cucullata, EC 2.6 mS·cm-1 for B. echinosepala, and EC 4.1 mS·cm-1 for B. fuchsioides (red). Plant mortality of several begonia species was observed when grown at EC value above 6.4 or below 4.4 mS·cm-1.

scholarly journals BIO-HERBICIDAL EFFICIENCY OF WITHANIA SOMNIFERA AGAINST IMPORTANT HIMALAYAN WEEDS

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Mamta Sharma ◽  
Rupinder Kaur ◽  
Sunil Puri
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Withania Somnifera ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Germination And Growth

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the bioherbicidal activity of Withania somnifera against germination and growth of noxious weeds of Himalaya i.e. Ageratum coenyzoides, Chenopodium album and Achyranthus aspera in a laboratory and foliar spray bioassay which will act as a tool of weed management in the Himalayan region.Methods: Root, stem and leaf aqueous extract of Withania somnifera at 100% concentration were applied to determine their effect on the seed germination and seedling growth of tested weeds under laboratory condition. Foliar spray bioassay was carried out by spraying extracts of Withania somnifera on three-month-old seedlings of weeds for two months. Germination and growth of weeds were assessed using growth parameters into account i.e. germination percentage, stem length, root length, fresh weight, dry weight, no of shoot branches and no of root branches.Results: The results revealed that all the aqueous extracts markedly suppressed germination and seedling growth of A. coenyzoides, C. album and A. aspera. Withania extracts remarkably effected germination, the growth of Ageratum coenyzoides in comparison to other studied weeds. The leaf extract of Withania was more pronounced than stem and root extracts in germination assay. Infoliarspray bioassay, aqueous leaf extracts of 100% w/v concentrations were sprayed on three month old seedlings of weeds at an interval of 5 d. All the aqueous extracts significantly suppressed shoot length, root length, fresh weight and dry weight of Ageratum coenyzoides, Chenopodium album and Achyranthus aspera seedling. In foliar spray bioassay, leaf extract suppressed the stem length, root length, fresh weight, dry weight, no. of root branches and no of shoot branches of studied weeds more commendably than stem and root extract. The suppression of growth parameters could be attributed to the presence of phytochemicals present in the extracts of Withaniasomnifera.Conclusion: The present study concludes that Withania somnifera contain bio-herbicidal compounds in leaf, stem and root as plant extracts adversely affect weed growth of studied weeds. Henceforth the strategy bio-control of weed is a safe and effective method which could prove a milestone in weed management in Mid-Himalaya.

scholarly journals Preliminary Test of Hydrocarbon Exposure on Lepironia articulate in Phytoremediation Process

2015 ◽  
Vol 773-774 ◽  
pp. 1121-1126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadya Hussin A.L. Sbania ◽  
Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullaha ◽  
Mushrifah Idris ◽  
Omar Hamed Jehawi ◽  
Nur Izzati Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Free Surface ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbon ◽  
Future Study ◽  
Preliminary Test ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Phytotoxicity Test ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

The preliminary tests is physically and visually observed to estimate the concentrations of contaminants that can give negative effects on plants growth and at which concentration the plants can tolerate and survive. In this study, bulrush of Lepironia articulate was subjected to diesel to assess its ability to survive when exposed to diesel contaminants with different concentrations (0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 35 and 40 mL diesel/L water). The investigation was conducted in 30 days with two flow systems, free surface (FSF) and sub-surface flow (SSF), were adopted to observe in which system the plant can tolerate to diesel better. These findings will be applied in future study of phytotoxicity test to assess its ability to phytoremediate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) contamination in wastewater. At the end of diesel exposure, the result indicated that the plant growth in SFS was better compared to FSF system. The plant had shown that it could only grow and survive in concentrations of 5, 10, 20, 30, 35 and 40 mL diesel/L water in SSF and in concentrations of 5, 10 and 20 mL/L in FSF system. The results of this study will be a basis for future study that aims to study PAHs removal from water using L. articulate plants.

scholarly journals Effect of Cadmium on Growth, Photosynthetic Pigments, Iron and Cadmium Accumulation of Faba Bean (Vicia faba cv. Aštar)

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beáta Piršelová ◽  
Roman Kuna ◽  
Peter Lukáč ◽  
Michaela Havrlentová
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cadmium Accumulation ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment Content

Abstract The influence of different concentrations of cadmium (Cd) ions (50 and 100 mg/kg soil) on growth, photosynthetic pigment content, Cd, and iron accumulation in faba bean (Vicia faba L. cv. Aštar) was studied under laboratory conditions. No significant changes were observed in the growth parameters of shoots (length, fresh, and dry weight). Both tested Cd doses resulted in decrease in root fresh weight by 31.7% and 28.68% and in dry weight by 32.2% and 33.33%, respectively. Increased accumulation of Cd was observed in roots (125- and 173-fold higher than in control) and shoots (125- and 150-fold higher than in control) as a result of applied doses of Cd. Increased accumulation of iron was detected in roots (1.45- and 1.69-fold higher than in control). Decrease in the content of chlorophyll a (by 25.52 and 24.83%, respectively) and chlorophyll b (by 6.90%) after application of Cd 100 as well as decrease in carotenoids (by 40.39 and 38.36%, respectively) was detected. Weak translocation of Cd from roots to shoots pointed to low phytoremediation potential of the tested bean variety in contaminated soil. However, the high tolerance of this cultivar, its relative fast growth, as well as priority of Cd accumulation in roots presume this plant species for phytostabilisation and revegetation of the Cd-contaminated soils.

Response of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L) genotypes to PEG-mediated water stress

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1206-1214
Author(s):  
Roumiana Vassilevska-Ivanova ◽  
Lydia Shtereva ◽  
Boris Kraptchev ◽  
Tanya Karceva
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Osmotic Potentials

AbstractDrought tolerance of two sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) genotypes, cultivated cultivar 1114 and interspecific line H. annuus × H. mollis, was studied under laboratory conditions using PEG-6000. Four levels of osmotic stress (−0.4, −0.6, −0.8 and −1.0 MPa) were created and performances were monitored against a control. Physiological and biochemical stress determining parameters such as malondialdechyde (MDA), proline content, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were compared between seedlings of both genotypes. The results indicated that both genotypes have similar responses at four osmotic potentials for all traits studied. All seedling growth parameters such as germination percentage, root length, shoot length, root and shoot dry weight decreased with increasing osmotic stress. MDA, proline, and H2O2 were found to be increased at different osmotic gradients in comparison to control. Cultivar 1114 was less affected than the interspecific line under these stress conditions. The data observed in the experiments revealed that perennial wild H. mollis can hardly be considered to be an excellent candidate of drought tolerance genes.

scholarly journals Influence of selenium on growth, lipid peroxidation and antioxidative enzyme activity in melon (Cucumis melo L.) seedlings under salt stress

2013 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hu KeLing ◽  
Zhang Ling ◽  
Wang JiTao ◽  
You Yang
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Physiological Effect ◽  
Antioxidative Enzyme ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Antioxidative Enzyme Activity

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of exogenous selenium (Se) supply (0, 2, 4, 8, 16 μM) on the growth, lipid peroxidation and antioxidative enzyme activity of 100 mM NaCl-stressed melon (<em>Cucumis melo</em> L.) seedlings. Salt stress significantly reduced the growth attributes including stem length, stem diameter, dry weight and increased antioxidative enzyme activity [superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT)]. Moreover, the plant exhibited a significant increase in electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde (MDA) content under NaCl stress. Se supplementation not only improved the growth parameters but also successfully ameliorated the adverse effect caused by salt stress in melon seedlings. However, the mitigation of NaCl-stressed seedlings was different depending on the Se concentration. At lower concentrations (2–8 μM), Se improved growth and acted as antioxidant by inhibiting lipid peroxidation and increasing in SOD and POD enzymes activity under salt stress. At higher concentrations (16 μM), Se exerted diminished beneficial effects on growth. Whereas CAT activity was enhanced. The result indicated that Se supplementation had a positive physiological effect on the growth and development of salt-stressed melon seedlings.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Effect on Growth-Related Parameters and Evaluation of Portulaca oleracea as a Phytoremediation Species in a Cr(VI)-Spiked Soil

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 192
Author(s):  
Georgios Thalassinos ◽  
Elina Nastou ◽  
Spyridon A. Petropoulos ◽  
Vasileios Antoniadis
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Portulaca Oleracea ◽  
Tissue Water ◽  
Stress Amelioration ◽  
Nitrogen Effect ◽  
Spiked Soil ◽  
Root Tissues

In a pot experiment, we assessed the potential of purslane (Portulaca oleracea) as a phytoremediation species in Cr(VI)-contaminated soils. We focused on the evaluation of phytotoxic Cr(VI) effects at concentrations reaching 150 mg Cr(VI) kg−1 and the possible stress amelioration effect of nitrogen on Cr(VI)-stressed plants. Treatments were T-0 (control), T-1 (25 mg Cr(VI) kg−1), T-2 = 50 mg kg−1, T-3 = 100 mg kg−1, and T-4 = 150 mg kg−1. We measured Cr(VI) concentration in aerial and root tissues, a series of parameters related to photosynthesis and plant growth, phosphorus aerial plant tissue content, and we also calculated indices (ratios) related to leaf growth and above ground tissue water content. Cr(VI) almost exclusively was found in root tissues; all physiological and growth parameters studied were severely affected and plants selectively accumulated phosphorus in aerial plant tissues with increasing Cr(VI) soil concentrations. On the other hand, N amendment resulted in improved plant features in some of the measured parameters: chlorophyll index was improved with added N at T-2, plant height was significantly higher at T-0, T-1, and T-2, and aerial dry weight and leaf area was higher at T-0; these effects indicate that added N did increase P. oleracea potential to ameliorate Cr(VI) toxic effects. We conclude that purslane showed a potential as a possible species to be successfully introduced to Cr(VI)-laden soils, but more research is certainly necessary.

Effect of rhizobacteria strains on the induction of resistance in barley genotypes against Cochliobolus sativus

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Adam
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cochliobolus Sativus ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Barley Genotypes

SummaryEnhancement of the resistance level in plants by rhizobacteria has been proven in several pathosystems. This study investigated the ability of four rhizobacteria strains (Pseudomonas putida BTP1 and Bacillus subtilis Bs2500, Bs2504 and Bs2508) to promote the growth in three barley genotypes and protect them against Cochliobolus sativus. Our results demonstrated that all tested rhizobacteria strains had a protective effect on barley genotypes Arabi Abiad, Banteng and WI2291. However, P. putida BTP1 and B. subtilis Bs2508 strains were the most effective as they reduced disease incidence by 53 and 38% (mean effect), respectively. On the other hand, there were significant differences among the rhizobacteria-treated genotypes on plant growth parameters, such as wet weight, dry weight, plant height and number of leaves. Pseudomonas putida BTP1 strain was the most effective as it significantly increased plant growth by 15-32%. In addition, the susceptible genotypes Arabi Abiad and WI2291 were the most responsive to rhizobacteria. This means that these genotypes have a high potential for increase of their resistance against the pathogen and enhancement of plant growth after the application of rhizobacteria. Consequently, barley seed treatment with the tested rhizobacteria could be considered as an effective biocontrol method against C. sativus.

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