scholarly journals Status of cellular immunity in rats under conditions of acute widespread petitonitis in the setting of diabetes mellitus

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 5243-5246
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Cellular Immunity ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Moderate Increase ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Generalized Peritonitis ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Fecal Suspension

Acute generalized peritonitis (AGP) occurs in patients with concomitant pathology, in particular at diabetes mellitus. The severity of peritonitis depends on the adequacy of the immune response. Purpose of research was to study the features of cellular arm of immune response in the organism of experimental animals with simulated AGP in the setting of diabetes mellitus (DM). 56 white rats were used in the experiment, which was divided into three groups: main group – 24 animals with simulated AWP in the setting of DM; comparison group – 24 animals with simulated peritonitis. Animals of the main group AGP were modelled by injecting 10 % of filtered fecal suspension into the abdominal cavity of tested rats at a dose of 0,5 ml per 100 g of body weight. Removal of material for histological examination was performed on 1, 3 and 7 days. Cellular immunity was determined by a method based on the interaction of fluorescently labeed monoclonal antibodies with lymphocyte surface antigens. In both animals, all indicators of cellular immunity gradually decreased from day 1 to day 7 of the experiment, but these changes were more significant in animals with DM. With AGP, the cellular immune response imbalance is more significant in animals with DM than in animals with isolated AGP, which is characterized by a marked statistically significant decrease in the level of CD3+ cells, CD4+ cells, CD16+ cells, and a moderate increase in CD8+ cells. The imbalance of cellular immunity deepens depending on the duration of the lesion. The level of CD3+ cells at 1, 3, and 7 day in animals with AGP in the setting of DM was 53,77%, 60,48%, and 62,1 %, respectively, lower than the level in the group with animals with AGP. The prolonged imbalance of cellular immunity indices in experimental animals with simulated AGP in the setting of DM indicates not only the occurrence of secondary immunodeficiency, but also significant depletion of the body’s immune forces compared to animals with AGP.

scholarly journals Dynamics of indicators of cellular immunity in conditions of acute generalized peritonitis in rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 4663-4666
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Cellular Immunity ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Surface Antigens ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Generalized Peritonitis ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Stool Suspension

The course of peritonitis depends on the state of the immune system and the adequacy of the immune response. The aim of this investigation was to explore the features of the cellular immune response cell in rats with simulated acute generalized peritonitis (AGP). The study was conducted on 32 rats, divided into two groups: the main group – 24 animals with simulated peritonitis; control– 8 intact animals. In the animals of the main group AGP were modeleted by injecting of 10 % filtered stool suspension into the abdominal cavity of the study rats at a dose of 0.5 ml per 100 g of body weight. Removal of material for histological examination was carried out on days 1, 3 and 7. Indicators of cellular immunity were determined by a method that was based on the interaction of fluorescently labeled monoclonal antibodies with lymphocyte surface antigens. In the main group of animals, all indicators of the cellular immunity gradually decreased from 1 to 7 days of the experiment. The concentration of CD3+ - cells decreased by 1.90 times per day, by 1.97 times by 3 days, and by 2.10 times by 7 days, compared with intact animals. Suppression of the cellular immunity was observed after modeling of AGP, which is combined with a decrease in the number of both CD3+ lymphocytes and the main subpopulations of CD4+, CD8+ and CD16+ cells. The greatest decrease in the cellular level of immunity was observed on day 7 of the experiment.

scholarly journals MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE SMALL INTESTINE OF RATS WITH ACUTE GENERALIZED PERITONITIS

2019 ◽  
pp. 110-113
Author(s):  
I. Ya. Dzyubanovsky ◽  
B. M. Vervega ◽  
S. R. Pіdruchna ◽  
N. A. Melnyk
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Inflammatory Infiltration ◽  
Generalized Peritonitis ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Fecal Suspension

The main cause of mortality in acute generalized peritonitis (AGP) is the development of multiple organ insufficiency. The intestine is the organ where the first changes develop in this pathology. The aim of the study – to research and evaluate the morphological changes in the small intestine wall of animals with experimental AGP. Materials and Methods. 32 white rats were used in this study. Acute peritonitis was modeled by introduction of 10 % fecal suspension in the dosage of 0.5 ml per 100 g of the animal's weight into the abdominal cavity of rats by puncture. The terms of observation: the 1st, 3rd and the 7th days from the beginning of the peritonitis modeling. For histological study the intestinal tissue was taken. The resulting pieces of the organ were fixed in a 10 % neutral formalin solution, which were then stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Results and Discussion. On the 3rd day of the experiment in animals with a modeled AGP, vascular changes were manifested first of all by the rounding (retraction) of endothelial cells or their desquamation and the appearance of defects, that allow plasma proteins and the formed elements of blood to leave circulation boundaries of the vascular bed. On the 7 th day in animals with a modeled AGP increased vascular permeability of the mucous membrane of the small intestine was accompanied by a significant edema of the stroma of the villi and by focal hemorrhages. Conclusion. Consequently, the distinct inflammatory changes in all terms of the injury were seen in the wall of the small intestine at the simulated AGP. The significant expansion of the capillaries and venules against the background of inflammatory infiltration in the stroma of the glandular component of the small intestine was noted on the 1st day from the beginning of the experiment. An increase in the height of intestinal villus and a crypt with retraction and desquamation of endothelial cells in the wall of vessels, which caused platelet adhesion in the areas of destruction was observed on the 3rd day. The areas of focal necrosis of the superficial epithelium, which were accompanied by multiple hemorrhages per diapedesis in the perivascular space of the mucous membrane, were seen in the wall of the small intestine of animals with a simulated AGP on the 7th day.

scholarly journals STATUS OF THE HUMORAL LINK OF IMMUNITY AT EXPERIMENTAL PERITONITIS ON THE BACKGROUND OF DIABETES MELLITUS

2019 ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
I. Ya. Dzyubanovsky ◽  
B. M. Vervega ◽  
S. R. Pidruchna ◽  
S. R. Melnyk ◽  
A. M. Prodan
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Humoral Immunity ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
Secondary Immunodeficiency ◽  
Acute Peritonitis ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Fecal Suspension ◽  
Ig G

Introduction. The combined course of acute peritonitis and diabetes increasingly leads to the development of secondary immunodeficiencies, which contribute to an increase in the percentage of postoperative complications and fatalities, the emergence of complexity of treatment and diagnosis. The aim of the study – to learn the peculiarities of humoral link of the immune response in the organism of experimental animals during simulated acute common peritonitis on the background of diabetes mellitus compared with animals with experimental acute peritonitis alone. Reserch Methods. 56 white rats were used in this work. Diabetes mellitus was modeled by intraperitoneal administration of Srethosotocin from “Sigma” firm with the rate of 7 mg per 100 g of animal mass, acute peritonitis – insertion of 0.5 ml of 10 % of the captured fecal suspension into the abdominal cavity of the animals. The concentration of immunoglobulins in serum was determined. Observation time points: 1, 3, and 7 days from the beginning of the peritonitis modeling. Results and Discussion. Analyzing the results of studies, it can be stated that there were observed directed changes in the concentration of immunoglobulins in blood serum of rats of different groups. Thus, on the first day after simulating acute common peritonitis on the background of diabetes, the level of Ig G decreased by 1.5 times, Ig M – by 1.3 times and Ig A – by 1.4 times (p<0.05). On the seventh day of the experiment, levels of all classes of immunoglobulins were statistically significantly lower than those of the group with acute common peritonitis: Ig G level was lower by 21 %, Ig M and Ig A were lower by 17 % and 56 % respectively (p<0.05). The results of our studies indicate that the presence of diabetes in acute general peritonitis leads to a decrease in the resistance of the humoral level of the immune system with antigenic stimulation and secondary immunodeficiency states. Conclusion. In animals with acute peritonitis, protective mechanisms of the humoral immunity level are substantially reduced on the background of diabetes, which is confirmed by statistically significantly lower levels of immunoglobulins of classes A, M, G compared to a group of animals with a pattern of acute peritonitis. The revealed functional impairment of humoral immunity indicates an appreciable weakening of the organism's protection factors in acute peritonitis on the background of diabetes mellitus with the development of secondary immunodeficiency.

scholarly journals Experimental Validation of the Use of Immobilized Form of Miramistin in the Treatment of Advanced Peritonitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
Boris Semenovich Sukovatykh ◽  
Maria Alekseevna Zatolokina ◽  
Anastasiya Viktorovna Mosolova
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose ◽  
Generalized Peritonitis ◽  
Fecal Suspension ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Experimental Group

Introduction. Mortality in generalized peritonitis ranges from 16% to 30%.The aim of research was to experimentally study the effect of the immobilized form of 0.01% miramistin on the basis of sodium salt of carboxymethylcellulose on the course of the inflammatory process in generalized purulent peritonitis.Materials and methods. The experimental study included 288 male Wistar rats, divided into 3 groups, 96 animals each. Animals of the 1st group (control) were exposed to laparotomy and lavage of the abdominal cavity with saline under aseptic conditions 24 hours after the introduction of fecal suspension into the abdominal cavity. Simultaneously, animals of the 2nd group (comparison) underwent a thorough sanitation of the abdominal cavity with saline with removal of purulent effusion and fibrin films at the first stage, and at the second stage, they were injected 5 ml of an aqueous solution of 0.01% miramistin. In animals of the 3rd (experimental) group, 5 ml of 0.01% miramistin gel was evenly distributed over the entire surface of the peritoneum after laparotomy and sanitation of the abdominal cavity with saline solution. The anti-inflammatory activity of the dosage forms was assessed by the dynamics of leukocytosis and the leukocyte index of intoxication, and the anti-inflammatory activity was assessed by the dynamics of the number of microorganisms in the abdominal exudate. The lethality of animals in each group was estimated. The following areas were taken for histological examination: small and large intestine, parietal peritoneum, pancreas, liver.Results. The anti-inflammatory activity of the immobilized form of 0.01% miramistin on the basis of sodium carboxymethylcellulose was superior to the aqueous solution of miramistin 0.01% on the 1st day - 1.3 times, on the 3rd day - 1.6 times, on the 7th day - 1.5 times. Antimicrobial activity in animals of the experimental group was 1.3 times higher on the 1st day, 1.9 times higher on the 3rd day, and 1.7 times higher on the 7th day than in the comparison group. The mortality rate in animals of the experimental group was 1.5 times lower on the 1st day, and 1.4 times lower on the 3rd and 7th days than in animals of the comparison group. On the first day, the morphological picture of peritonitis in animals of the experimental and comparison groups had no significant differences. On the 3rd day in animals of the comparison group, the inflammatory process in the abdominal cavity was pronounced, and in the experimental group, the intensity of peritonitis began to decrease, and by the 7th day it was completely eliminated.Conclusion. The results of the study allow recommending the use of the immobilized form of 0.01% miramistin based on sodium carboxymethylcellulose in the treatment of generalized peritonitis.

scholarly journals Morphological features of the large intestine in experimental acute generalized peritonitis against the background of streptozotocin-induced diabetes

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
B. M. Verveha
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
The Third ◽  
Acute Peritonitis ◽  
Perivascular Edema ◽  
Fecal Suspension ◽  
Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes

The work is a fragment of the research project “Pathogenetic features of the allergic and inflammatory processes course and their pharmacocorrection”, conducted by the Department of Pathological Physiology, Danylo Halytskyi Lviv National Medical University (state registration No. 0116U004503). The aim of the work: to study the morphological features of the colon in the dynamics of the development of experimental acute peritonitis on the background of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods. The experiment used 48 white male rats. Diabetes mellitus in experimental animals was simulated by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (Sigma) at a rate of 60 mg/kg, acute disseminated peritonitis – the introduction of 0.5 ml of 10 % filtered fecal suspension into the abdominal cavity. A morphological study of the colon in animals removed from the experiment on the first, third and seventh days of acute peritonitis on the background of concomitant diabetes mellitus was performed. Results and Discussion. Morphological examination of the colon of animals on the first day of experimental acute peritonitis in conditions of concomitant streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus revealed an increase in the size of the crypts due to stroma edema and lymphohistiocytic infiltration, slight perivascular edema in the subclavian edema. On the third day, thickening of the mucous membrane of the colon, a sharp increase in the depth of the crypts, uneven blood supply to the vessels in the submucosal layer with a predominance of perivascular edema were verified. On the seventh day, a decrease in the thickness of the mucous membrane due to the expansion of the crypts was visualized. Part of the epitheliocytes was in a phase of increased secretory activity, the other part was dystrophically altered, which stimulated increased lymphocytic and histiocytic infiltration. These changes were accompanied by activation of reactive processes and hyperplasia of lymphoid follicles on the first day of peritonitis on the background of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus, and as the severity of purulent inflammation – hypoplasia of the lymphoid tissue and a decrease in local reactivity(the third and seventh days of the development of acute peritoneal burning in conditions of combined pathology).

EFFECT OF DIABETES MELLITUS ON THE LEVEL OF GROWTH FACTORS IN GUERIN CARCINOMA IN RATS OF BOTH SEXES

2021 ◽  
pp. 129-140
Author(s):  
E.M. Frantsiyants ◽  
V.A. Bandovkina ◽  
I.V. Kaplieva ◽  
E.I. Surikova ◽  
I.V. Neskubina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Concomitant Disease ◽  
White Rats

Diabetes mellitus is an independent risk factor for a number of malignant diseases. It is associated with increased mortality from cancer. The role of growth factors in the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus and malignant tumors is dual and not fully defined. The aim of the study was to examine the level of some growth factors and their receptors in the tissue of Guerin carcinoma and its perifocal zone growing in rats of both sexes with diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods. The authors determined the content of VEGF-A, VEGF-C their receptors sVEGF-R1 and sVEGF-R3, EGF and sEGF-R, TGFβ1 and sTGFβ1-R2, TNFα and sTNFα-R1, FGF21 in the samples of the tumor and the perifocal zone of Guerin carcinoma in nonlinear white rats of both sexes with diabetes mellitus (main group). ELISA test was used for this purpose. The control group consisted of animals with Guerin carcinoma without comorbid pathology. Results. Tumors in female rats (main group) had a higher content of VEGF-C, EGF, TNFα and FGF21, VEGF-C/VEGF-R3, but a lower TGFβ1 level. In the perifocal zone these indicators, except TNFα, were lower than in the control group. In males (main group), TNFα and VEGF-A/VEGF-R1 levels in the tumor were higher. The content of VEGF-C, EGF, EGF-R and TGFβ1 was lower than in the control. At the same time, all the studied parameters were lower in the perifocal zone, except FGF21 and EGF-R. Conclusion. Diabetes mellitus as a concomitant disease decreased the life expectancy of animals of both sexes with Guerin carcinoma. At the same time, high ratios of VEGF-A/VEGF-R1 in males, and VEGF-C/VEGF-R3, EGF/sEGF-R, and FGF21 in females in tumor samples were accompanied by the tumor growth in males and activation of metastatic processes in females. Key words: Guerin carcinoma, diabetes mellitus, rats, growth factors, receptors. Сахарный диабет является самостоятельным фактором риска возникновения ряда злокачественных заболеваний и связан с повышенной смертностью от рака. Роль факторов роста в патофизиологии сахарного диабета и злокачественных опухолей двойственна и до конца не определена. Целью настоящего исследования явилось изучение уровня некоторых факторов роста и их рецепторов в ткани карциномы Герена, растущей на фоне сахарного диабета, и ее перифокальной зоне у крыс обоего пола. Материалы и методы. У нелинейных белых крыс обоего пола в образцах опухоли и перифокальной зоны карциномы Герена, растущей на фоне сахарного диабета (основная группа), методом ИФА определяли содержание VEGF-A, VEGF-C и их рецепторов sVEGF-R1 и sVEGF-R3, EGF и sEGF-R, TGFβ1 и sTGFβ1-R2, TNFα и sTNFα-R1, FGF21. В качестве контрольной группы выступали животные с карциномой Герена без коморбидной патологии. Результаты. У самок крыс основной группы в опухоли было выше содержание VEGF-C, EGF, TNFα и FGF21, VEGF-С/VEGF-R3, но ниже уровень TGFβ1, в перифокальной зоне эти показатели, за исключением TNFα, были ниже, чем в группе контроля. У самцов основной группы в опухоли был выше уровень TNFα и VEGF-A/VEGF-R1, содержание VEGF-C, EGF, EGF-R и TGFβ1 оказалось ниже, чем в контроле. При этом в перифокальной зоне все исследованные показатели были ниже, за исключением FGF21 и EGF-R. Выводы. Сахарный диабет как сопутствующее злокачественному росту заболевание способствовал снижению продолжительности жизни животных обоего пола с карциномой Герена. При этом высокие в образцах опухоли соотношения VEGF-A/VEGF-R1 у самцов, VEGF-С/VEGF-R3, EGF/sEGF-R и FGF21 у самок сопровождались ростом объемов опухоли у самцов и активацией метастатических процессов у самок. Ключевые слова: карцинома Герена, сахарный диабет, крысы, факторы роста, рецепторы.

scholarly journals Morphological Characteristics of Lungs with Experimental Peritonitis on the Background of Diabetes Mellitus

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 7511-7518
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Histological Examination ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Perivascular Edema ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Experimental Peritonitis ◽  
Intact Rats

Acute generalized peritonitis (AGP) and diabetes mellitus (DB) remains an urgent problem in modern medicine, as rapid disability and high mortality have been leading to cardiovascular disease and oncology pathology in recent years. The purpose is to study and evaluate the morphological changes in the lungs in animals with experimental AGP against the background of DM. Іn the experiment, 32 white rats were used. The main group consisted of 24 animals with simulated AGP against the background of CD; control group – 8 intact animals. The experimental CD was reproduced by intraperitoneal administration of streptozotocin at a dose of 60 mg/kg. On the 14th day after administration of streptozotocin, animals of the main group were injected with 10 % filtered stool suspension into the abdominal cavity of the study rats at a dose of 0.5 ml per 100 g of body weight. Removal of material for histological examination was carried out on days 1, 3, and 7. For the morphological study of the lungs of rats under experimental peritonitis, the method of light microscopy was used. Micropreparations were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, according to Hart, by the Van Gizon method. Histological examination of the lung tissue of animals with simulated AGP against the background of CD compared with intact rats on day 1 of the experiment showed a tendency for vasodilation. For 3 days, the lungs of the organs were observed in the lungs of animals; the wall was thickened in the vessels of large and medium caliber, the phenomena of mucoid edema and perivascular edema with small cell infiltration were noted. At day 7, significant changes in blood vessels and bronchi in all components were detected in the lungs of animals; Perivascular edema and inflammatory infiltration along the interval septa were observed in animals with simulated AGP against the background of CD in comparison with intact rats for 1 day of the experiment in lung tissue. The wall of small bronchi was thickened by leukocyte infiltration. For 3 days, the lungs of the animals were observed full blood vessels of the pulmonary components, the phenomena of mucoid edema were noted. For 7 days in the lungs of animals found the expansion of the lumen of the arteries and veins from their full blood, thickening of the outer shell of the vessel wall.

scholarly journals Effects of armadin on hepatic transaminases in rats with acute generalized peritonitis on the background of diabetes mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 333-338
Author(s):  
M. Regeda ◽  
B. Verveha ◽  
N. Melnyk
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
White Male ◽  
The Body ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Generalized Peritonitis ◽  
Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes ◽  
Experimental Group

The article discusses the issues about the effect of the Armadin on the hepatic transaminase in rats with acute generalized peritonitis on the background of diabetes mellitus. The experiment was performed on 48 white male adult rats, which were divided into two groups. The experimental group – animals with simulated acute generalized peritonitis against the background of streptozotocin-induced diabetes with the drug “Armadin” (ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate) application (n=24). The control group – animals with simulated acute generalized peritonitis against the background of streptozotocin-induced diabetes without pharmacocorrection (n = 24). Diabetes mellitus was simulated by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin at the dose of 60 mg/kg. Acute generalized peritonitis was induced with 10% faecal suspension in a dose of 0.5 ml per 100 g of animal weight in the abdominal cavity of laboratory animals by puncture method. Every day for 6 days, rats of experimental group received the drug “Armadin” at the doses of 100 mg/kg. We found a probable decrease in aminotransferase activity on day 3 of the study in rats of the experimental group after administration of Armadin. Thus, ALT activity decreased by 26.7%, and AST activity – by 25.9% compared to the control group. On the 7th day of the study, the activity of ALT in the blood of rats of the experimental group decreased to 0.50 ± 0.03 mmol/l, which was 49.5% lower than the control group of rats in this period of the experiment. Similar changes are observed in the study of AST activity, where, accordingly, it decreased by 48 % relative to control. The positive effect of the drug "Armadin" on the body of rats, with AGP on the background of STZ-induced diabetes, is manifested by the restoration of the functional state of the liver.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION OF IMMUNOTOXICITY AND ALLERGENIC PROPERTIES OF DRY EXTRACT OF POTENTILLA ALBA L

2018 ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
V. V. Bortnikova ◽  
L. V. Krepkova ◽  
P. G. Mizina ◽  
T. A. Guskova
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Cellular Immunity ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Therapeutic Dose ◽  
Anaphylactic Shock ◽  
Dry Extract ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Sensitizing Effect ◽  
Comprehensive Study

The comprehensive study of allergenicity and immunotoxicity of dry extract of Potentilla alba L. has shown that the extract has no sensitizing effect in tests of the general systemic anaphylaxis (anaphylactic shock) and active skin anaphylaxis conducted on Guinea pigs albinos, as well as in the reaction of delayed hypersensitivity in mice. In the study of immunotoxic properties, it has been found that the extract has a stimulating effect on the primary humoral immune response at a therapeutic dose of 3 mg / kg and has no influence on the effectors of the cellular immunity of experimental animals.

Innate immunity alterations in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: understanding infection susceptibility

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ochoa-González Fátima de Lourdes ◽  
González-Curiel Irma Elizabeth ◽  
Cervantes-Villagrana Al-berto Rafael ◽  
Fernández-Ruiz Julio Cesar ◽  
Castañeda-Delgado Julio Enrique
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Innate Immune Response ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms

: Diabetes is a chronic disease characterized by marked alterations in the metabolism of glucose andby high con-centrations of glucose in the blood due to a decreased insulin production or resistance to the action of this hormone in pe-ripheral tissues. The International Diabetes Federation estimates a global incidence of diabetes of about 10% in the adult population (20 -79 years old), some 430 million cases reported worldwide in 2018. It is well documented that people with diabetes have a higher susceptibility to infectious diseases and therefore show higher morbidity and mortality compared to the non-diabetic population. Given that the innate immune response plays a fundamental role in protecting against invading pathogens through a myriad of humoral and cellular mechanisms, the present work makes a comprehensive review of the innate immune alterations in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) as well as a brief description of the molecular events leading or associated to such conditions.We show that in these patients a compromised innate immune response in-creases susceptibility to infections.

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