scholarly journals STATUS OF THE HUMORAL LINK OF IMMUNITY AT EXPERIMENTAL PERITONITIS ON THE BACKGROUND OF DIABETES MELLITUS

2019 ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
I. Ya. Dzyubanovsky ◽  
B. M. Vervega ◽  
S. R. Pidruchna ◽  
S. R. Melnyk ◽  
A. M. Prodan
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Humoral Immunity ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
Secondary Immunodeficiency ◽  
Acute Peritonitis ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Fecal Suspension ◽  
Ig G

Introduction. The combined course of acute peritonitis and diabetes increasingly leads to the development of secondary immunodeficiencies, which contribute to an increase in the percentage of postoperative complications and fatalities, the emergence of complexity of treatment and diagnosis. The aim of the study – to learn the peculiarities of humoral link of the immune response in the organism of experimental animals during simulated acute common peritonitis on the background of diabetes mellitus compared with animals with experimental acute peritonitis alone. Reserch Methods. 56 white rats were used in this work. Diabetes mellitus was modeled by intraperitoneal administration of Srethosotocin from “Sigma” firm with the rate of 7 mg per 100 g of animal mass, acute peritonitis – insertion of 0.5 ml of 10 % of the captured fecal suspension into the abdominal cavity of the animals. The concentration of immunoglobulins in serum was determined. Observation time points: 1, 3, and 7 days from the beginning of the peritonitis modeling. Results and Discussion. Analyzing the results of studies, it can be stated that there were observed directed changes in the concentration of immunoglobulins in blood serum of rats of different groups. Thus, on the first day after simulating acute common peritonitis on the background of diabetes, the level of Ig G decreased by 1.5 times, Ig M – by 1.3 times and Ig A – by 1.4 times (p<0.05). On the seventh day of the experiment, levels of all classes of immunoglobulins were statistically significantly lower than those of the group with acute common peritonitis: Ig G level was lower by 21 %, Ig M and Ig A were lower by 17 % and 56 % respectively (p<0.05). The results of our studies indicate that the presence of diabetes in acute general peritonitis leads to a decrease in the resistance of the humoral level of the immune system with antigenic stimulation and secondary immunodeficiency states. Conclusion. In animals with acute peritonitis, protective mechanisms of the humoral immunity level are substantially reduced on the background of diabetes, which is confirmed by statistically significantly lower levels of immunoglobulins of classes A, M, G compared to a group of animals with a pattern of acute peritonitis. The revealed functional impairment of humoral immunity indicates an appreciable weakening of the organism's protection factors in acute peritonitis on the background of diabetes mellitus with the development of secondary immunodeficiency.

scholarly journals Morphological features of the large intestine in experimental acute generalized peritonitis against the background of streptozotocin-induced diabetes

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
B. M. Verveha
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
The Third ◽  
Acute Peritonitis ◽  
Perivascular Edema ◽  
Fecal Suspension ◽  
Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes

The work is a fragment of the research project “Pathogenetic features of the allergic and inflammatory processes course and their pharmacocorrection”, conducted by the Department of Pathological Physiology, Danylo Halytskyi Lviv National Medical University (state registration No. 0116U004503). The aim of the work: to study the morphological features of the colon in the dynamics of the development of experimental acute peritonitis on the background of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods. The experiment used 48 white male rats. Diabetes mellitus in experimental animals was simulated by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (Sigma) at a rate of 60 mg/kg, acute disseminated peritonitis – the introduction of 0.5 ml of 10 % filtered fecal suspension into the abdominal cavity. A morphological study of the colon in animals removed from the experiment on the first, third and seventh days of acute peritonitis on the background of concomitant diabetes mellitus was performed. Results and Discussion. Morphological examination of the colon of animals on the first day of experimental acute peritonitis in conditions of concomitant streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus revealed an increase in the size of the crypts due to stroma edema and lymphohistiocytic infiltration, slight perivascular edema in the subclavian edema. On the third day, thickening of the mucous membrane of the colon, a sharp increase in the depth of the crypts, uneven blood supply to the vessels in the submucosal layer with a predominance of perivascular edema were verified. On the seventh day, a decrease in the thickness of the mucous membrane due to the expansion of the crypts was visualized. Part of the epitheliocytes was in a phase of increased secretory activity, the other part was dystrophically altered, which stimulated increased lymphocytic and histiocytic infiltration. These changes were accompanied by activation of reactive processes and hyperplasia of lymphoid follicles on the first day of peritonitis on the background of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus, and as the severity of purulent inflammation – hypoplasia of the lymphoid tissue and a decrease in local reactivity(the third and seventh days of the development of acute peritoneal burning in conditions of combined pathology).

scholarly journals Status of cellular immunity in rats under conditions of acute widespread petitonitis in the setting of diabetes mellitus

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 5243-5246
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Cellular Immunity ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Moderate Increase ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Generalized Peritonitis ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Fecal Suspension

Acute generalized peritonitis (AGP) occurs in patients with concomitant pathology, in particular at diabetes mellitus. The severity of peritonitis depends on the adequacy of the immune response. Purpose of research was to study the features of cellular arm of immune response in the organism of experimental animals with simulated AGP in the setting of diabetes mellitus (DM). 56 white rats were used in the experiment, which was divided into three groups: main group – 24 animals with simulated AWP in the setting of DM; comparison group – 24 animals with simulated peritonitis. Animals of the main group AGP were modelled by injecting 10 % of filtered fecal suspension into the abdominal cavity of tested rats at a dose of 0,5 ml per 100 g of body weight. Removal of material for histological examination was performed on 1, 3 and 7 days. Cellular immunity was determined by a method based on the interaction of fluorescently labeed monoclonal antibodies with lymphocyte surface antigens. In both animals, all indicators of cellular immunity gradually decreased from day 1 to day 7 of the experiment, but these changes were more significant in animals with DM. With AGP, the cellular immune response imbalance is more significant in animals with DM than in animals with isolated AGP, which is characterized by a marked statistically significant decrease in the level of CD3+ cells, CD4+ cells, CD16+ cells, and a moderate increase in CD8+ cells. The imbalance of cellular immunity deepens depending on the duration of the lesion. The level of CD3+ cells at 1, 3, and 7 day in animals with AGP in the setting of DM was 53,77%, 60,48%, and 62,1 %, respectively, lower than the level in the group with animals with AGP. The prolonged imbalance of cellular immunity indices in experimental animals with simulated AGP in the setting of DM indicates not only the occurrence of secondary immunodeficiency, but also significant depletion of the body’s immune forces compared to animals with AGP.

scholarly journals MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE SMALL INTESTINE OF RATS WITH ACUTE GENERALIZED PERITONITIS

2019 ◽  
pp. 110-113
Author(s):  
I. Ya. Dzyubanovsky ◽  
B. M. Vervega ◽  
S. R. Pіdruchna ◽  
N. A. Melnyk
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Inflammatory Infiltration ◽  
Generalized Peritonitis ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Fecal Suspension

The main cause of mortality in acute generalized peritonitis (AGP) is the development of multiple organ insufficiency. The intestine is the organ where the first changes develop in this pathology. The aim of the study – to research and evaluate the morphological changes in the small intestine wall of animals with experimental AGP. Materials and Methods. 32 white rats were used in this study. Acute peritonitis was modeled by introduction of 10 % fecal suspension in the dosage of 0.5 ml per 100 g of the animal's weight into the abdominal cavity of rats by puncture. The terms of observation: the 1st, 3rd and the 7th days from the beginning of the peritonitis modeling. For histological study the intestinal tissue was taken. The resulting pieces of the organ were fixed in a 10 % neutral formalin solution, which were then stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Results and Discussion. On the 3rd day of the experiment in animals with a modeled AGP, vascular changes were manifested first of all by the rounding (retraction) of endothelial cells or their desquamation and the appearance of defects, that allow plasma proteins and the formed elements of blood to leave circulation boundaries of the vascular bed. On the 7 th day in animals with a modeled AGP increased vascular permeability of the mucous membrane of the small intestine was accompanied by a significant edema of the stroma of the villi and by focal hemorrhages. Conclusion. Consequently, the distinct inflammatory changes in all terms of the injury were seen in the wall of the small intestine at the simulated AGP. The significant expansion of the capillaries and venules against the background of inflammatory infiltration in the stroma of the glandular component of the small intestine was noted on the 1st day from the beginning of the experiment. An increase in the height of intestinal villus and a crypt with retraction and desquamation of endothelial cells in the wall of vessels, which caused platelet adhesion in the areas of destruction was observed on the 3rd day. The areas of focal necrosis of the superficial epithelium, which were accompanied by multiple hemorrhages per diapedesis in the perivascular space of the mucous membrane, were seen in the wall of the small intestine of animals with a simulated AGP on the 7th day.

scholarly journals Change of energy supply oxidation indices changes in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus and acetaminophen toxic lesions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. B. Furka
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Liver Homogenate ◽  
Intragastric Administration ◽  
Starch Solution ◽  
Citrate Buffer

Introduction. Acetaminophen is an effective and safe drug for emergency usage, but there are contraindications for its usage. Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine disease, which caused by the absolute or relative deficiency of pancreas hormone (insulin).The aim of the study – to learn the change of energy supply oxidation indices in animals with type 2 diabetes mellitus and acetaminophen toxic lesions in time dynamics.Research Methods. We conducted two series of experiments. In the first series toxic lesion was caused by a single intragastric administration of acetaminophen suspension in 2 % starch solution to animals in a dose of 1250 mg/kg (1/2 LD50). In the second series the suspension of acetaminophen in 2 % starch solution in a dose of 55 mg/kg was given. Non-genetic form of experimental type 2 diabetes mellitus was modeled by a single intraperitoneal administration of streptozotocin solution in doses 65 mg/kg, which was diluted by citrate buffer (pH 4.5) with the previous intraperitoneal nicotinamide administration in doses of 230 mg/kg. Rats, which were given the same amount of solvent (citrate buffer pH 4.5), were used as the control group.Results and Discussion. Cytochrome oxidase and succinate dehydrogenase activity decreased in rat liver homogenate under the influence of acetaminophen with type 2 diabetes mellitus throughout the experiment.Conclusions. Acetaminophen administration to rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus causes significant violations of energy supply oxidation.

scholarly journals Cellular and humoral immunity of diabetics at the early stages of the disease development: experience gained in the treatment with azathioprin, an immunosuppressant

1993 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
I. I. Dedov ◽  
I. A. Abugova ◽  
P. I. Shishko ◽  
M. Sh. Shamkhalova
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Humoral Immunity ◽  
Complement Activation ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Insulin Dependent ◽  
Cellular And Humoral Immunity

A total of 40 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, in whom the disease was diagnosed 1 to 12 months previously, were examined. An imbalance between the T and В cellular components of the immunity was found in the patients with the early stages of the disease, as was an elevated titer of the complement Cl component as against the reference group. The degree of the immunologic shifts was in direct correlation with the HLA A9 antigen expression, this relationship being the most marked in cases with the HLA DR3 and DR4. The incidence of these antigens expression was significantly higher in the patients with marked immunity shifts, than in those with negligible immunity changes. Therapy with an immunosuppressant azathioprin was associated with a noticeable reduction of the initially elevated cellular immunity parameters (total T and В lymphocyte counts, T helpers-inductors, DR carriers) and a trend towards a reduction of all the components and total activity of the classical route of the complement activation predominantly at the expense of the Cl and C5 components. The efficacy of this drug in therapy of new cases of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus was confirmed, and the undisputable relationship between the efficacy of immunity suppression, that helped achieve a clinical remission, and the disease duration, was demonstrated. Monitoring of the cellular and humoral immunity parameters, of the activity of the classical route of the complement activation permitted an indirect judgement on the usefulness of immunity suppression for the correction of immunity disorders as factors contributing to the development of microvascular disturbances in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Effect of the p38 MAPK Inhibitor on the Expression of Metalloproteinases and Their Inhibitors during the Formation of Abdominal Adhesions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 446-450
Author(s):  
Irina Shurygina ◽  
Lyubov Rodionova ◽  
Natalia Ayushinova ◽  
Elena Chepurnykh ◽  
Irina Trukhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
P38 Mapk ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Adhesion Formation ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
P38 Mapk Inhibitor ◽  
Mapk Inhibitor

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of blockade of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) on the expression of genes encoding metalloproteinases (MMPs) during the formation of adhesions in the abdominal cavity. Methods and Results: The experiments were carried out on male Wistar rats (n=75). The studies were carried out in two groups: Group 1 (control, n=35) – modelling the adhesive process; Group 2 (experimental, n=35) – modelling the adhesive process with intraperitoneal administration of Seroguard®—a prolonged form of the p38 MAPK inhibitor. The expression of the MMP1a, MMP2, MMP7, MMP9, and TIMP genes was assessed using real-time PCR. In the control group, overexpression of the MMP1a and MMP7 genes began from 6 hours after modeling the adhesive process, MMP9 – from Day 1, MMP2 – from Day 7 and persisted until the end of observation. With local blockade of p38 MAPK, the level of overexpression of genes encoding MMPs in the early stages was higher than in the control group (MMP1a – by Day 1; MMP7 – by 6 hours and Day 1, MMP9 – by 12 hours). From Day 3 to Day 14, the MMP1a and MMP7 expression in the experimental group was significantly lower than in the control group. Conclusion: The performed study demonstrated the involvement of different types of MMPs—collagenases (MMP1a), gelatinases (MMP2 and 9), matrilysins (MMP7)—in the rearrangement of the extracellular matrix during the process of adhesion formation in the abdominal cavity.

scholarly journals Experimental Validation of the Use of Immobilized Form of Miramistin in the Treatment of Advanced Peritonitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
Boris Semenovich Sukovatykh ◽  
Maria Alekseevna Zatolokina ◽  
Anastasiya Viktorovna Mosolova
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose ◽  
Generalized Peritonitis ◽  
Fecal Suspension ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Experimental Group

Introduction. Mortality in generalized peritonitis ranges from 16% to 30%.The aim of research was to experimentally study the effect of the immobilized form of 0.01% miramistin on the basis of sodium salt of carboxymethylcellulose on the course of the inflammatory process in generalized purulent peritonitis.Materials and methods. The experimental study included 288 male Wistar rats, divided into 3 groups, 96 animals each. Animals of the 1st group (control) were exposed to laparotomy and lavage of the abdominal cavity with saline under aseptic conditions 24 hours after the introduction of fecal suspension into the abdominal cavity. Simultaneously, animals of the 2nd group (comparison) underwent a thorough sanitation of the abdominal cavity with saline with removal of purulent effusion and fibrin films at the first stage, and at the second stage, they were injected 5 ml of an aqueous solution of 0.01% miramistin. In animals of the 3rd (experimental) group, 5 ml of 0.01% miramistin gel was evenly distributed over the entire surface of the peritoneum after laparotomy and sanitation of the abdominal cavity with saline solution. The anti-inflammatory activity of the dosage forms was assessed by the dynamics of leukocytosis and the leukocyte index of intoxication, and the anti-inflammatory activity was assessed by the dynamics of the number of microorganisms in the abdominal exudate. The lethality of animals in each group was estimated. The following areas were taken for histological examination: small and large intestine, parietal peritoneum, pancreas, liver.Results. The anti-inflammatory activity of the immobilized form of 0.01% miramistin on the basis of sodium carboxymethylcellulose was superior to the aqueous solution of miramistin 0.01% on the 1st day - 1.3 times, on the 3rd day - 1.6 times, on the 7th day - 1.5 times. Antimicrobial activity in animals of the experimental group was 1.3 times higher on the 1st day, 1.9 times higher on the 3rd day, and 1.7 times higher on the 7th day than in the comparison group. The mortality rate in animals of the experimental group was 1.5 times lower on the 1st day, and 1.4 times lower on the 3rd and 7th days than in animals of the comparison group. On the first day, the morphological picture of peritonitis in animals of the experimental and comparison groups had no significant differences. On the 3rd day in animals of the comparison group, the inflammatory process in the abdominal cavity was pronounced, and in the experimental group, the intensity of peritonitis began to decrease, and by the 7th day it was completely eliminated.Conclusion. The results of the study allow recommending the use of the immobilized form of 0.01% miramistin based on sodium carboxymethylcellulose in the treatment of generalized peritonitis.

scholarly journals STUDY OF THE HEPATOPROTECTIVE PROPERTIES OF HYPOXENE ON A MODEL OF EXPERIMENTAL TOXIC HEPATITIS IN WHITE RATS

2021 ◽  
Vol 245 (1) ◽  
pp. 160-163
Author(s):  
A.A. Reznichenko ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Toxic Hepatitis ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Acute Toxic Hepatitis ◽  
Physiological Values

Acute toxic hepatitis was caused by intraperitoneal administration of carbon tetrachloride in vaseline oil to white rats at the rate of 0.4 ml per 100 g of body weight for 3 days once. As a result, the animals had a violation of the cytoplasmic membranes of hepatocytes, which was accompanied by an increase in serum transamination enzymes and alkaline phosphatase, a sharp decrease in glu-cose and total protein. The use of hypoxen stopped this pathological process. After using the drug, the activity of transamination enzymes and alkaline phosphatase in the blood serum of animals de-creased to physiological values, the amount of protein and glucose increased, and the physiological state of white rats improved. Thus, hypoxen can be used in animals as a hepatoprotective agent at a dose of 50.0 mg/kg of body weight.

scholarly journals Oral L-Arginine lower neovascularization and the number of fibroblasts but failed to increase nitric oxide and epithelialization in the healing process of male white diabetic wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Fenni Liem ◽  
Wimpie Pangkahila ◽  
I Wayan Weta
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Nitric Oxide Level ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: Oral L-Arginine is a conditional essential amino acid that plays a role in wound healing in DM. The role of arginine in diabetic wounds is by enhancing blood circulation in the injured area and increasing oxygen supply to the wound tissue. The purpose of this study to prove the administration of oral L-Arginine toward vascularization status in wound healing of male white rats wistar diabetes mellitus. Methods:   A randomized posttest only control group study using with 36 diabetic induced wistar rats (Rattus Norvegicus) aged 2-3 months and weighing 180-200gram which then divided randomly into two groups. Nitric oxide level was measured on the third day and each group was then further divided into two groups for examination of neovascularization, fibroblasts and epithelialization on the seventh day and on the tenth day. Results: Administration oral L-Arginine failed to induce any significant change in Nitric Oxide level and wound gap closure. On the other hand, the results showed that the mean neovascularization was significantly different between the two groups on the 10th day (Control group vs intervention group: 4.22±1922 vs1.89±1364; p=0.009). In addition, the mean number of fibroblast at the 10th day was also significantly different (Control group vs intervention group: 74.11±28.57 vs 38.11±20.90; p=0.008). Conclusion: In conclusion, oral L-Arginine did not significantly affect nitric oxide and epithelialization while decreased neovascularization and the number of fibroblasts on day tenth in the healing process of male white rats diabetes mellitus

scholarly journals Disturbances of carbohydrate metabolism and postoperative complications after distal pancreatic resection

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
V. N. Barykov ◽  
A. G. Istomin ◽  
N. V. Markina ◽  
V. L. Tyulganova
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Pancreatic Resection ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Total Risk ◽  
Distal Pancreatic Resection ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Objective. To study the state of carbohydrate metabolism in patients after distal pancreatic resection and its effect on the development of postoperative complications. Materials and methods. Over 10 years, 47 patients have been operated on with various tumors of the body/tail of the pancreas and complications of chronic pancreatitis. In 16 of them, concomitant diabetes mellitus was diagnosed before surgery, and in 31 patients, carbohydrate metabolism was normal. Results. After surgery, from a group of patients with unchanged carbohydrate metabolism, 8 (25.8 %) developed diabetes mellitus. The following postoperative complications pancreatic fistula, inflammatory infiltrates and "fluid leakages in the abdominal cavity occurred in 68 % of cases. Out of 24 patients with diabetes mellitus, complications were registered in 21 (87.5 %) and of 23 diabetes-free patients in 11 (47.8 %). Conclusions. The total risk for the development of the postoperative abdominal complications after the distal resection in patients with diabetes mellitus, diagnosed before and after the intervention, is 7.6 times higher than in patients without diabetes.

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