scholarly journals Molecular Systematic Investigations of Three Fin Fish Cichlid Species of Oreochromis niloticus (Nile Tilapia), Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (GIFT) and Astronotus ocellatus (Oscar Cichlid)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 2850-2860
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Tree ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Evolutionary Relationship ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Recent Common Ancestor ◽  
Farmed Fish ◽  
Molecular Systematic ◽  
Cichlid Species ◽  
Astronotus Ocellatus ◽  
The World

Fisheries in India contribute significantly to the total GDP of agriculture and earn significant foreign exchange. Aquaculture is playing an important role in India and is bestowed with a huge biodiversity of aquatic organisms. India ranks second in total fish production in the world. Nile tilapia has become the world’s second most popular farmed fish, after carps. Oscars is a popular aquarium fish around the world. In the present study, efforts were made to analyze the extent of divergence or similarity among three cichlid finfishes (Nile Tilapia, GIFT Tilapia, and Oscar Cichlid) using molecular biology techniques such as Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP). The Phylogenetic tree was constructed using PhyElph software to study the evolutionary relationship between the three cichlid finfish species. The Phylogenetic or evolutionary relationship was established for the three fishes, Nile tilapia, GIFT, and Oscar cichlid, with the Phylogenetic tree. It was found that Nile tilapia and GIFT share a recent common ancestor, while Oscar cichlid does not share any evolutionary relationship with Nile tilapia and GIFT.

scholarly journals The genome of the diatom Chaetoceros tenuissimus carries an ancient integrated fragment of an extant virus

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Hongo ◽  
Kei Kimura ◽  
Yoshihiro Takaki ◽  
Yukari Yoshida ◽  
Shuichiro Baba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Tree ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Phaeodactylum Tricornutum ◽  
Evolutionary Relationship ◽  
Thalassiosira Pseudonana ◽  
Gene Fragment ◽  
Ssdna Virus ◽  
Endogenous Virus ◽  
The World ◽  
Long Interspersed Nuclear Element

AbstractDiatoms are one of the most prominent oceanic primary producers and are now recognized to be distributed throughout the world. They maintain their population despite predators, infections, and unfavourable environmental conditions. One of the smallest diatoms, Chaetoceros tenuissimus, can coexist with infectious viruses during blooms. To further understand this relationship, we sequenced the C. tenuissimus strain NIES-3715 genome. A gene fragment of a replication-associated gene from the infectious ssDNA virus (designated endogenous virus-like fragment, EVLF) was found to be integrated into each 41 Mb of haploid assembly. In addition, the EVLF was transcriptionally active and conserved in nine other C. tenuissimus strains from different geographical areas, although the primary structures of their proteins varied. The phylogenetic tree further suggested that the EVLF was acquired by the ancestor of C. tenuissimus. Additionally, retrotransposon genes possessing a reverse transcriptase function were more abundant in C. tenuissimus than in Thalassiosira pseudonana and Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Moreover, a target site duplication, a hallmark for long interspersed nuclear element retrotransposons, flanked the EVLF. Therefore, the EVLF was likely integrated by a retrotransposon during viral infection. The present study provides further insights into the diatom-virus evolutionary relationship.

Sequencing Analysis and Phylogenetic Tree of HPV Isolated from Breast Cancer Patients at Thi-Qar Province/Iraq

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-40
Keyword(s):  
Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Phylogenetic Tree ◽  
Evolutionary Relationship ◽  
Nucleotide Sequencing ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
The North ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded ◽  
History Of

Genetic variety examination has demonstrated fundamental to the understanding of the epidemiological and developmental history of Papillomavirus (HPV), for the development of accurate diagnostic tests and for efficient vaccine design. The HPV nucleotide diversity has been investigated widely among high-risk HPV types. To make the nucleotide sequence of HPV and do the virus database in Thi-Qar province, and compare sequences of our isolates with previously described isolates from around the world and then draw its phylogenetic tree, this study done. A total of 6 breast formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) of the female patients were included in the study, divided as 4 FFPE malignant tumor and 2 FFPE of benign tumor. The PCR technique was implemented to detect the presence of HPV in breast tissue, and the real-time PCR used to determinant HPV genotypes, then determined a complete nucleotide sequence of HPV of L1 capsid gene, and draw its phylogenetic tree. The nucleotide sequencing finding detects a number of substitution mutation (SNPs) in (L1) gene, which have not been designated before, were identified once in this study population, and revealed that the HPV16 strains have the evolutionary relationship with the South African race, while, the HPV33 and HPV6 showing the evolutionary association with the North American and East Asian race, respectively.

A Study of Correlation between Morphology and Evolution of Euphorbiaceae s.l. using Taxonomic Congruence and Total Evidence

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
Vanlal hruaia ◽  
◽  
Lal rinmuana ◽  
J Lalbiaknunga ◽  
Laldinfeli Ralte
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Tree ◽  
Evolutionary Relationship ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Total Evidence ◽  
Pictorial Representation ◽  
Phenetic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Relationship

Euphorbiaceae is one of the largest family of flowering plants, in our study different species were collected from different localities of Mizoram, the collected specimens were studied and their morphological features noted. 34 genera of Euphorbiaceae s.l were used in the study. Cladistic analysis was performed in Mesquite software and Phenetic analysis was done in NTsys software. Both analyses produce a pictorial representation in a form of a tree; cladistic analysis produce phylogenetic tree (evolutionary relationship) while phenetic analysis produce phenogram (morphological relationship). The results of the aforementioned analyses were further analysed by total evidence technique and taxonomic congruence, a phylogenetic software PAUP is used for this purpose. The resultant trees were very different and comparison was done to find correlation between evolution and morphological characters. The research finds various correlation among characters like the number of locule in ovule, phyllanthoid branching and support the inclusion of genus like Breynia, Sauropus into Phyllanthus.

scholarly journals Vitamin A in diets for Nile tilapia

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 751-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Ferraz Bacconi Campeche ◽  
Rodrigo Ramos Catharino ◽  
Helena Teixeira Godoy ◽  
José Eurico Possebon Cyrino
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Retinyl Palmitate ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Vitamin Supplementation ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Farmed Fish ◽  
Performance Variables ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design

Dietary vitamin supplementation decrease stress caused by high stocking density, and boosts immunological system of farmed fish. A studied was carried out to determine vitamin A requirements of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in an all male group (13.8 ± 1.2 g) and a mixed sex population (9.8 ± 2.3 g). Fish stocked in 100-L plastic aquaria (26.0 ± 1.0ºC) were fed to near satiety, twice a day, seven days a week, during 75 days with vitamin A-free, semi-purified diets supplemented with 0; 600; 1,200; 1,800; 2,400; 3,000; 3,600; 4,200; 4,800 and 5,400 International Units (IU) of retinyl palmitate (30% vitamin A) per kg of diet in a completely randomized experimental design, factorial arrangement 2c10 (n = 4). Deficiency signs of vitamin A were observed in fish fed 0 to 1.200 IU vitamin A kg-1 diet; moderate signs were observed in fish fed diets with 1.800 to 3.600 IU vitamin A kg-1 diet; no interactions group*level (p < 0.05) were detected. Dietary levels of vitamin A up to 5.400 IU kg-1 influenced final weight and weight gain of fish (p < 0.05), but did not influence feed consumption (p > 0.05). A group effect was observed regarding all performance variables (p < 0.0001). Quantification of hepatic retinol (HPLC) detected vitamin A only in fish fed 5.400 IU retinol kg-1 of diet, therefore characterizing that dietary retinol was used and stored. The quantity of 5.400 IU of retinol kg-1 of diet is recommended for adequate nutrition of Nile tilapia.

Comparative genomic analysis ofAcidithiobacillus ferrooxidansstrains using theA. ferrooxidansATCC 23270 whole-genome oligonucleotide microarray

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 587-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hailang Luo ◽  
Li Shen ◽  
Huaqun Yin ◽  
Qian Li ◽  
Qijiong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Tree ◽  
Evolutionary Relationship ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Oligonucleotide Microarray ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Extracellular Polysaccharides ◽  
Comparative Genomic ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Main Factor

Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans is an important microorganism used in biomining operations for metal recovery. Whole-genomic diversity analysis based on the oligonucleotide microarray was used to analyze the gene content of 12 strains of A. ferrooxidans purified from various mining areas in China. Among the 3100 open reading frames (ORFs) on the slides, 1235 ORFs were absent in at least 1 strain of bacteria and 1385 ORFs were conserved in all strains. The hybridization results showed that these strains were highly diverse from a genomic perspective. The hybridization results of 4 major functional gene categories, namely electron transport, carbon metabolism, extracellular polysaccharides, and detoxification, were analyzed. Based on the hybridization signals obtained, a phylogenetic tree was built to analyze the evolution of the 12 tested strains, which indicated that the geographic distribution was the main factor influencing the strain diversity of these strains. Based on the hybridization signals of genes associated with bioleaching, another phylogenetic tree showed an evolutionary relationship from which the co-relation between the clustering of specific genes and geochemistry could be observed. The results revealed that the main factor was geochemistry, among which the following 6 factors were the most important: pH, Mg, Cu, S, Fe, and Al.

scholarly journals Protozoan infections in farmed fish from Brazil: diagnosis and pathogenesis

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Laterça Martins ◽  
Lucas Cardoso ◽  
Natalia Marchiori ◽  
Santiago Benites de Pádua
Keyword(s):  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Protozoan Parasites ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Farmed Fish ◽  
Fish Diseases ◽  
The World ◽  
Host Parasite Relationship ◽  
Parasite Relationship ◽  
Protozoan Infections ◽  
Host Parasite

The Phylum Protozoa brings together several organisms evolutionarily different that may act as ecto or endoparasites of fishes over the world being responsible for diseases, which, in turn, may lead to economical and social impacts in different countries. Apart from the recent advances for the diagnosis of fish diseases in Brazil, little is known on the protozoan parasites and their relationship with environment and host. This revision presents the most important protozoan parasites found in farmed fish from Brazil, not only with emphasis on its diagnosis, biology, transmission and host-parasite relationship, but also on some information that may be useful to researchers in determining the correct diagnosis in fish farms.

scholarly journals Heavy Metals Assessment In Water, Sediments And Selected Aquatic Organisms In Lake Asejire, Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenyo-Oni A. ◽  
Oladele A. H.
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Sample Type ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Nickel Chromium ◽  
Cobalt Nickel ◽  
Metal Poisoning

Rapid urbanization and industrialization in developing countries have been associated with production and deposition of hazardous wastes in aquatic environments. Heavy metals are major components of these wastes which have been implicated in several metal-related diseases and food poisoning in man. This study evaluated iron, lead, cobalt, nickel, chromium and cadmium concentrations in water, sediment, Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and African river prawn (Macrobrachium vollenhovenii) samples of Lake Asejire, Oyo State, Nigeria. The concentration of these metals was determined spectrophotometrically in three locations along the course of the lake. Results revealed that only iron and lead were detected in water samples. However, all the metals were found in sediments, Nile Tilapia and African river prawn. Iron had the highest mean concentrations (mg kg-1) of 2.392±0.015, 7.4314±1.184, and 1.6100±0.099 in sediments, fish and prawn respectively. Significant differences was found across each sample type for the metals determined. The detection of these metals in Lake Asejire call for close environmental monitoring and adequate public awareness. This is necessary to discourage further pollution which could lead to high metal concentration and metal poisoning.

scholarly journals RISKS OF METAL TOXYCOSES FROM THE RECEPTION OF FOOD OF NATURAL ORIGIN IN THE COASTAL LINE OF THE NORTHERN SEAS

2018 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-258
Author(s):  
Vladimir P. Andreev ◽  
A. I. Andriyanov ◽  
Z. V. Plakhotskaya
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
High Ability ◽  
Industrial Emissions ◽  
Natural Origin ◽  
The World

Due to the multifold gain of industrial emissions of heavy metals in the world the danger of the use wild plants and animals in food has increased. Seaweed and shellfish have the high ability to accumulate toxins in their bodies. There is considered the intake of aquatic organisms of the Northern seas with food, taken directly from their habitats. The analysis of available literature data showed that in the conditions of the White and Barents seas, the probability of metal toxicosis seem to be negligible.

scholarly journals The Effect of Neonicotinoid Insecticides on the Structure and Stability of Bio-Macromolecules

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valéria Verebová ◽  
Jana Staničová
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Biological Macromolecules ◽  
Serum Albumins ◽  
Biological Origin ◽  
Structure And Stability ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Very High

Insecticides are among the most widely used pesticides in the world. They are preparations of chemical and biological origin used to control insects, which means its killing or preventing its destructive activity. Majority are used in forestry, agriculture, and households. Neonicotinoids represent the class of insecticides that is most frequently used in the world and replaced by more dangerous pyrethroids, organophosphates, and carbamates. In recent years, the focus has been mainly on the ecological and environmental risks caused by the use of neonicotinoids. These insecticides pose a very high risk to bees and also to soil and aquatic organisms. It is therefore highly topical to address the impact of neonicotinoids on biological systems on individual bio-macromolecules (DNA and serum albumins). Monitoring the impact of neonicotinoids on the structure and stability of biological macromolecules may contribute to reducing the use of these insecticides, as well as to considering and adjusting the tolerances of insecticides and their residues in food.

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