scholarly journals Influence of triclosan biocide on human health and environment and justification of the necessity to optimise regulatory measures for its use

2019 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
G.M. Balan ◽  
S.D. Kolesnyk ◽  
P.G. Zhminko ◽  
N.M. Bubalo ◽  
V.A. Babych
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Endocrine Disruptor ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
The Body ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Metabolic Transformation ◽  
Regulatory Measures ◽  
Beauty Products

Objective is to summarise current literature data on the adverse effects of triclosan (TCS) biocide on human and animal health and potential risk for the development of endocrine-disruptor effects forjustification of the necessity to improve regulatory measures for its use in consumer products. Material and Methods. Analysis of literature data on the ways of influence of metabolic transformation in the body and toxicokinetics of TCS, its influence on human health and environment was performed. Targets and biomarkers of TCS exposure, its toxic properties and potential risk for the formation of endocrine-disruptor effects were described. Results. Necessity to optimise regulatory measures for the use of TCS in the personal hygienic means, general and curative beauty products, woven fabric for bedlinen and underwear, etc. has been justified. Key Words: triclosan biocide, toxic properties, endocrine-disruptor effects, regulatory measures.

104 Epigenetic Changes Due to Environmental Toxicants: An Animal Health Concern

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 54-54
Author(s):  
Cheryl S Rosenfeld
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Steroid Receptors ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Environmental Toxicants ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Developmental Exposure

Abstract Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) mimic natural hormones in the body, but they are not subject to normal homeostatic regulatory mechanisms. One such EDC that is particularly important in animal and human health is bisphenol A (BPA) that is an industrial chemical used to harden plastic, and thus, it is prevalent in many common household items. Notably, BPA, and likely other EDCs, persist in the environment. Besides binding to steroid and non-steroid receptors, BPA and other EDCs may induce epigenetic changes directly or by affecting gut bacteria that can promote such host changes. The objective of current studies was to determine whether developmental exposure to BPA and/or genistein, a phytoestrogen, induce persistent epigenetic and transcriptomic changes in various brain regions and the placenta. Additionally, the ability of these chemicals to alter gut microbiota and gut metabolites that may trigger such epigenetic alterations were investigated. Animal models used to examine for such effects included California mice (Peromyscus californicus), deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus), laboratory mice (Mus musculus), and eastern painted turtles (Chrysemys picta). To link these ‘omics changes to actual phenotypic modifications, several behavioral domains were assessed in these species following developmental exposure to these compounds. Results across taxa clearly show that BPA and genistein leads to behavioral deficits, including cognitive and social impairments, anxiogenic behaviors, and reduced voluntary physical activity. Correspondingly, both chemicals transformed the epigenome and transcriptome in key brain regions and the placenta. Gut dysbiosis and stimulation of harmful bacterial metabolites ensued following early EDC exposure, and such effects persisted through adulthood. By using a one health medicine approached that evaluated various vertebrate animal species, there is solid evidence that perinatal exposure to BPA and genistein reprograms the epigenome and thereby lead to longstanding health consequences. Such findings have important veterinary and human health ramifications.

DETERMINATION OF THE EFFECT OF HEAVY METALS IN HONEY ON ITS ORGANOLEPTIC AND PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
Z. N. Menshikova ◽  
◽  
V. A. Tolmacheva ◽  
D. V. Volodko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Motor Fuel ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
The Body ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Lead And Cadmium

The deterioration of the ecological situation in Russia and the contamination of environmental objects with various chemical compounds pose a growing threat to human and animal health and the state of the environment. Bee products can carry a potential threat to human health, as bees are in constant and direct contact with the environment. The article presents the results of a study of honey for heavy metals - lead and cadmium. The dependence of the amount of lead in honey from road traffic of highways in the flying radius of bees has been revealed. The direct dependence of the presence of lead in honey, pollution by its exhaust gases of cars from automobile traffic of a highway in the flying radius of bees is proved. A technique has been developed for determining the load of vehicles in the area, expressed in the release of lead into the atmosphere from combustible motor fuel. The organoleptic and physicochemical properties of the honey are determined. The article presents data that proves that the content of heavy metals in honey does not affect its organoleptic and physicochemical properties, but represents a real danger for human health, because heavy metals are cumulated in the body.

scholarly journals Zoonotic diseases in South American camelids in England and Wales

2017 ◽  
Vol 145 (5) ◽  
pp. 1037-1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. HALSBY ◽  
D. F. TWOMEY ◽  
C. FEATHERSTONE ◽  
A. FOSTER ◽  
A. WALSH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
South American ◽  
Emerging Infections ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
South American Camelids ◽  
Regular Contact

SUMMARYThe number of South American camelids (SACs) in England and Wales is increasing and with this comes a risk of new and emerging infections. Although classified as livestock, these animals are also treated as pets and may be in regular contact with humans. This paper reviews zoonotic diseases that have been identified in SACs in England and Wales, and which pose a potential risk to human health. We also highlight the importance of surveillance continuing to capture information on infections in SACs for the protection of both public and animal health.

Glutathione: its implications for animal health, meat quality, and health benefits of consumers

2005 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 775 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Liu ◽  
S. J. Eady
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Food Products ◽  
The Body ◽  
Animal Source ◽  
Animal Source Food

There has been an increasing focus on the role of antioxidants for human health. This review outlines associations of the most predominant antioxidant, glutathione (GSH), in the body and some ageing-related diseases. Strategies to replete GSH, particularly developing animal-source food products, are discussed. Potentials to alter GSH content in the animal’s body and its possible effects on health are also explored.

Effects of Contaminants on Human Health

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morton Lippmann ◽  
Richard B. Schlesinger
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Environmental Chemicals ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Chemical Contaminants ◽  
Hereditary Material ◽  
Metabolic Transformation ◽  
Human Health Effects ◽  
Potential Human Health

This chapter describes the methodology used for evaluating potential human health effects resulting from exposure to environmental chemicals. It discusses the concept of the dose-response relationship, and reviews the processes by which chemicals may be delivered to and absorbed by the body. Concepts of the metabolic transformation of absorbed chemical are provided, as are the potential for storage and excretion. It explores the biological mechanisms and pathways underlying specific responses to chemical contaminants, which range from disruption of physiology to alteration of biochemical pathways and hereditary material. A discussion of responses due to exposure to mixtures of chemicals is provided.

Mechanisms of Nickel-Induced Cell Damage in Allergic Contact Dermatitis and Nutritional Intervention Strategies

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1010-1014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana Filatova ◽  
Christine Cherpak
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Contact Dermatitis ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Allergic Contact Dermatitis ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
Allergic Contact

Background: Hypersensitivity to nickel is a very common cause of allergic contact dermatitis since this metal is largely present in industrial and consumer products as well as in some commonly consumed foods, air, soil, and water. In nickel-sensitized individuals, a cell-mediated delayed hypersensitivity response results in contact to dermatitis due to mucous membranes coming in long-term contact with nickel-containing objects. This process involves the generation of reactive oxidative species and lipid peroxidation-induced oxidative damage. Immunologically, the involvement of T helper (h)-1 and Th-2 cells, as well as the reduced function of T regulatory cells, are of importance. The toxicity, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity of nickel are attributed to the generation of reactive oxygen species and induction of oxidative damage via lipid peroxidation, which results in DNA damage. Objective: The aim of this research is to identify nutritionally actionable interventions that can intercept nickel-induced cell damage due to their antioxidant capacities. Conclusion: Nutritional interventions may be used to modulate immune dysregulation, thereby intercepting nickel-induced cellular damage. Among these nutritional interventions are a low-nickel diet and an antioxidant-rich diet that is sufficient in iron needed to minimize nickel absorption. These dietary approaches not only reduce the likelihood of nickel toxicity by minimizing nickel exposure but also help prevent oxidative damage by supplying the body with antioxidants that neutralize free radicals.

scholarly journals The fragranced products phenomenon: air quality and health, science and policy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Steinemann
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Health Science ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Science And Policy ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

Abstract Fragrance is used in consumer products around the world. However, fragrance has been associated with adverse effects on indoor and outdoor air quality and human health. Questions arise, such as the following: Why does fragrance in products pose problems? What are sources of emissions and exposures? What are health and societal effects? What are possible solutions? This paper examines the issue of fragranced consumer products and its science and policy dimensions, with a focus on the implications for air quality and human health. Results include new findings and new questions for future research directions.

scholarly journals Trapping liquid drugs inside crystals

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (a1) ◽  
pp. C984-C984
Author(s):  
Alessia Bacchi ◽  
Davide Capucci ◽  
Paolo Pelagatti
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Crystal Engineering ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
The Body ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Active Molecule ◽  
Crystalline Materials ◽  
Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Solid Dosage ◽  
Intellectual Properties

The objective of this work is to embed liquid or volatile pharmaceuticals inside crystalline materials, in order to tune their delivery properties in medicine or agrochemistry, and to explore new regulatory and intellectual properties issues. Liquid or volatile formulations of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) are intrinsically less stable and durable than solid forms; in fact most drugs are formulated as solid dosage because they tend to be stable, reproducible, and amenable to purification. Most drugs and agrochemicals are manufactured and distributed as crystalline materials, and their action involves the delivery of the active molecule by a solubilization process either in the body or on the environment. However some important compounds for the human health or for the environment occur as liquids at room temperature. The formation of co-crystals has been demonstrated as a means of tuning solubility properties of solid phases, and therefore it is widely investigated by companies and by solid state scientists especially in the fields of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, pigments, dyestuffs, foods, and explosives. In spite of this extremely high interest towards co-crystallization as a tool to alter solubility, practically no emphasis has been paid to using it as a means to stabilize volatile or labile or low-melting products. In this work we trap and stabilize volatile and liquid APIs and agrochemicals in crystalline matrices by engineering suitable co-crystals. These new materials alter the physic state of the active ingredients allowing to expand the phase space accessible to manufacturing and delivery. We have defined a benchmark of molecules relevant to human health and environment that have been combined with suitable partners according to the well known methods of crystal engineering in order to obtain cocrystals. The first successful results will be discussed; the Figure shows a cocrystal of propofol, a worldwide use anesthetic.

scholarly journals The Honey Bee: An Active Biosampler of Environmental Pollution and a Possible Warning Biomarker for Human Health

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 6481
Author(s):  
Marianna Martinello ◽  
Chiara Manzinello ◽  
Nicoletta Dainese ◽  
Ilenia Giuliato ◽  
Albino Gallina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Pesticide Pollution ◽  
Tandem Mass Spectrometric ◽  
Active Substances

Member states of the European Union are required to ensure the initiation of monitoring programs to verify honey bee exposure to pesticides, where and as appropriate. Based on 620 samples of dead honey bees—42 of pollen, 183 of honey and 32 of vegetables—we highlighted the presence, as analyzed by liquid and gas chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometric detection, of many active substances, mainly tau-fluvalinate, piperonyl butoxide, chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos-methyl, permethrin and imidacloprid. Among the active substances found in analyzed matrices linked to honey bee killing incidents, 38 belong to hazard classes I and II, as methiocarb, methomyl, chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin and permethrin, thus representing a potential risk for human health. We have shown that, at different times between 2015 and 2020, during implementation of the Italian national guidelines for managing reports of bee colony mortality or depopulation associated with pesticide use, pesticide pollution events occurred that could raise concern for human health. Competent authorities could, as part of a One Health approach, exploit the information provided by existing reporting programs on honey bees and their products, in view of the close correlation to human health, animal health and ecosystem health.

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