scholarly journals Effect of Fenugreek (Methi) on Cortical Thickness of the Thymus in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
DK Mondal ◽  
MMA Moinuddin ◽  
MM Saha ◽  
AM Khanom ◽  
BMA Yousuf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Key Words Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Key Words Diabetes ◽  
Nondiabetic Control ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Long Evans

Objective: To find out microscopically whether Trigonella foenumgraecum (fenugreek seeds/methi seeds) has got any preventive role against the lowering of cortical thickness of the thymic lobules in diabetes mellitus. Design: An experimental study on Long Evans rats which were divided into three equal groups depending on their different shorts of dietary feeding and drug treatment. Setting: Anatomy department of IPGMR (Institute of Post Graduate Medicine and Research) at present BSMMU (Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University) and BIRDEM (Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in diabetes, Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders). Subjects: Fifty eight healthy young Long Evans rats of either sex weighing 72 to 174gm aged between 50 to 60 days were used in this study. Main outcome measures: Variation of cortical thickness of the thymic lobules in different groups of rat. Result: Cortical thickness in the nondiabetic control group, which ranges from 30.17 to 36.99. and the mean was 34.83 ± 0.60. In diabetic control group the cortical thickness ranges from 17.78 to 26.46 and the mean was 21.85 ± 1 On the other hand, in the fenugreek- treated diabetic rats the cortical thickness ranges from 25.71 to 32.95 and mean cortical thickness was 30.49 ± 0.75. Conclusion: Fenugreek showed a tendency of acting against lowering of the cortical thickness of the thymic lobule of Streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus. However, further investigations are recommended for establishing fenugreek as a safe, useful effective agent to preserve the cortical thickness improving the diabetic condition by acting as antidiabetogenic agent. Key words: Diabetes mellitus, Differential lymphocyte count, Fenugreek, Thymus   doi: 10.3329/bja.v7i1.3017 Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy January 2009, Vol. 7 No. 1 pp. 37-41

scholarly journals Effect of Fenugreek (Methi) on Amount of Connective Tissue in Thymic Sections in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats

1970 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-52
Author(s):  
DK Mondal ◽  
MMM Ahmed ◽  
PK Chowdhury ◽  
A Khanom ◽  
S Mohal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Key Words Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Key Words Diabetes ◽  
Diabetic Control Group ◽  
Nondiabetic Control ◽  
Long Evans

Context: Diabetes mellitus causes a marked increased in amount of connective tissue in thymus. Fenugreek has the hypoglycaemic effect. The study was carried out to find out whether Trigonella foenumgraecum (fenugreek seeds/methi seeds) has got any preventive role against the increment in amount of connective tissue in thymic section in diabetes mellitus. Study type: an experimental study on Long Evans rats which were divided into three equal groups depending on their different sorts of dietary feeding and drug treatment. Setting: Anatomy department of the then IPGMR (Institute of Post Graduate Medicine and Research) at present BSMMU (Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University) and BIRDEM (Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in diabetes, Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders). Subjects: Fifty eight healthy young Long Evans rats of either sex weighing 72 to 174gm aged between 50 to 60 days were used in this study. Main outcome measures: variation in amount of connective tissue in thymic sections in different groups of rats. Result: in the nondiabetic control group the increased in amount of connective tissue in thymic section is lower than in diabetic control group. On the other hand, the increased in amount of connective tissue in thymic section in the fenugreek-treated diabetic rats is also lower than the amount of connective tissue in thymic section in diabetic control group but it is more or less similar to the amount of connective tissue in thymic section in nondiabetic control group. Conclusion: Fenugreek showed a tendency of acting against the increased in amount of connective tissue in thymic section in Streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus. However, further investigations are recommended for establishing fenugreek as a safe, useful effective agent to minimize the increment in amount of connective tissue in thymic section improving the diabetic condition by acting as antidiabetogenic agent. Key words: Diabetes mellitus; Connective tissue; Fenugreek; Thymus DOI: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.3329/bja.v9i1.8149 Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy January 2011, Vol. 9 No. 1 pp 49-52

scholarly journals BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS AND THE MICROSCOPIC STRUCTURE OF KIDNEY WISTAR RAT DIABETES MELLITUS UNDER THE EFFECT OF LAWSONIA INERMIS (LINN.) LEAVES ETHANOLIC EXTRACT

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 257
Author(s):  
Mutiara Indah Sari ◽  
Maya Anjelir Antika ◽  
Dwi Rita Anggraini
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lawsonia Inermis ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Glucose Levels

 Objective: Lawsonia inermis (Linn.) leaves are one of the alternative medicines to treat diabetes mellitus in Indonesia. We investigated the blood glucose level (BGL) of the L. inermis (Linn.) leaves ethanolic extract (LLEE) leaves and evaluated the histopathological alterations in diabetic rats.Methods: This study was an experimental study with posttest - only control group design. Alloxan (120 mg/kg, intraperitoneally)-induced diabetic rats. 35 of Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) were divided randomly into five groups, i.e. K: Normal control, P1: Diabetic control, and P2, P3, and P4 (200 mg/kg body weight [BW], 400 mg/kg BW, and 600 mg/kg BW of LLEE, orally) for 28 days. At the end of the treatment, the rats were sacrificed to obtain the kidney for histopathological evaluation using hematoxylin and eosin technique. BGLs were conducted using a glucose meter (GlucoDR).Results: One-way ANOVA test showed that dose 400 mg/kg BW of the LLEE was related to BGL of alloxan-induced diabetic rats (p=0.000). The histopathological of kidney showed glomerular inflammation (GI), epithelial membrane lining degeneration, vascular congestion, and interstitial tubule hemorrhage at diabetic control (P1). Meanwhile, treated with 600 mg/kg BW of LLEE (P4) showed increase cellular regeneration as normal architecture of the kidney.Conclusion: The LLEE at dose 400 mg/kg BW effective decreased BGL and was able to restore the kidney destruction of alloxan-induced diabetic rats at dose 600 mg/kg BW.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of the Antioxidant Effects of Metformin, Glibenclamide, and Repaglinide in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonaventure Chukwunonso Obi ◽  
Theophine Chinwuba Okoye ◽  
Victor Eshu Okpashi ◽  
Christiana Nonye Igwe ◽  
Edwin Olisah Alumanah
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Complications ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Control Group ◽  
Antioxidant Effects ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Diabetes mellitus is one of the serious global health problems affecting a significant proportion of both developed and developing countries. Overproduction of free radicals and oxidative stress has been associated with the development of diabetic complications. In the present study, the antioxidant effects of metformin (MET), glibenclamide (GLI), and repaglinide (REP) were evaluated in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The findings from this study may possibly help in understanding the efficacy of these standard drugs in managing the complications arising from diabetes mellitus (DM). Alloxan (130 mg/kg BW) was administered as a single dose to induce diabetes. Four (4) groups of rats (n=6) were used; group 1 served as diabetic control while groups 2, 3, and 4 were the diabetic test groups that received MET (25 mg/kg), GLI (2.5 mg/kg), and REP (0.5 mg/kg), respectively. The result of the study showed significant (p<0.05) improvement in the altered antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT) and GSH concentration in diabetic treated rats compared with the diabetic control group. MET and REP produced significant effect on the MDA concentration while GLI showed insignificant reduction in the MDA concentration compared with the diabetic control. Findings from this study suggest that the administration of MET, GLI, and REP exerts significant antioxidant effects in alloxan-induced diabetic rats, thus contributing to the protective effect against oxidative stress-induced damage during diabetic complications.

scholarly journals The Protective Effect of Marigold Hydroalcoholic Extract in STZ-Induced Diabetic Rats: Evaluation of Cardiac and Pancreatic Biomarkers in the Serum

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esmaeel Ebrahimi ◽  
Saeed Shirali ◽  
Rahman Talaei
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Antioxidant Property ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Diabetic Control Group ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Diabetes mellitus is the most common endocrine disorder worldwide and it is usually along with complications such as retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, and cardiovascular disease. The prevalence of diabetes is increasing and its treatment has created concerns in society. The use of herbal medicine can be helpful in the management of diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of marigold hydroalcoholic extract under diabetes condition. A total of 36 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: normal control group, diabetic control group, and groups treated with 250 or 500 mg/kg hydroalcoholic extract of marigold flower during four weeks. At the end of the study, the rats were anesthetized with ketamine/xylazine, and sampling was performed through cardiac puncture. The results showed that treatment with marigold improved body weight. In addition, we determined that marigold normalized the level of CK-MB, total CK, amylase, and lipase in a dose-dependent manner. Probably these effects resulted from antioxidant property of marigold; thus we suggest that marigold flower can be useful for reduction of diabetes complication.

scholarly journals Impact of Momordica Charantia (Karela) on the Fasting Blood Glucose level in the Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

1970 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-48
Author(s):  
S Mohal ◽  
DK Mondal ◽  
PK Chowdhury ◽  
A Khanom ◽  
KM Shamim
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Momordica Charantia ◽  
Key Words Diabetes ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose Level ◽  
The Mean

Context: Scientific studies revealed the hypoglycaemic properties of momordica charantia. The present study was carried out to find out microscopically whether Momordica charantia (karela) has got any impact lowering of FBG (Fasting Blood Glucose) level in diabetes mellitus. Study type: an experiemental study. Setting: Anatomy department of the then IPGMR (Institute of Post Graduate Medicine and Research) at present BSMMU (Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University) and BIRDEM (Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders). Subjects: Sixty five healthy young Long Evans rats of male sex weighing 150 to 280gm aged between 10 to 12 weeks were used in this study. Methods: The rats were divided into four equal groups depending on their different sorts of dietry feeding and drug treatment. Main outcome measures: variation of differential FBG level in different groups of rat. Result: Mean 'initial' and 'final' (on day 7 and day 51 from Streptozotocin/vehicle injection) fasting blood glucose (FBG) level in the control group (Group-A) was 7.872 ± 0.60 and 8.55 ± 0.82 respectively. Therefore the mean (FBG) increased by about 13% (P = 0.022*) which is higher than that of the initial value. In untreated diabetic group the mean initial (FBG) level was 25.95 ± 8.90 and the mean final was 24.02 ± 4.08. So here, the (FBG) level decreased by about 13% (P = 0.557). On the other hand, in the insulintreated diabetic rats the mean initial (FBG) level was 24.35 ± 6.81 and the mean final was 8.38 ± 5.02, which is lower (P = 0.000*) & in the karela–treated diabetic rats, the initial (FBG) level was 23.03 ± 5.70 and the mean final was 5.65 ± 1.29 which is lower* (P = 0.000*). The value in the insulin-treated diabetic rats & in the karela-treated diabetic rats were significantly lower than that of the untreated diabetic rats (P = 0.007) & (P= 0.005) respectively. But there was no significant difference between the insulin-treated diabetic rats & the karela-treated diabetic rats (P = 0.605) in this regard. Conclusion: Karela showed a tendency of acting against hyperglycemic effects of Streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus. However, further investigations are recommended for establishing karela as a safe, useful effective anti- hyperglycemic agent as well as antidiabetogenic agent. Key words: Diabetes mellitus; Hyperglycemia; Momordica charantia (karela) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.3329/bja.v9i1.8148 Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy January 2011, Vol. 9 No. 1 pp 45-48  

scholarly journals Anti-hyperglycemic Effects of Diacerein in Alloxan-Induced Diabetes Mellitus in Wistar Albino Rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 107-113
Author(s):  
Arsalan Uqaili ◽  
Samia Siddiqui ◽  
Roomi Aijaz ◽  
Yar Muhammad Nizammani ◽  
Navaid Kazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

Objective: To determine the anti-hyperglycemic effects of interleukin-1 inhibitor (diacerein) in alloxan induced diabetic albino wistar rats. This experimental study was performed at the Department of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tando Jam within 6 months from April 2016 to September 2016. Total of 160 adult Albino Wistar Rats having an average of 200 to 300 grams body weights were selected. Animals were categorized into 4 groups as; Group A (n=15): Control rats – receive 0.9% normal saline as placebo Experimental Groups Group B (n=15): Experimental Control (Diabetic rats) - Alloxan50 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneal. Group C (n=15): Diabetic rats + Diacerein (30 mg/kg/day) orally daily. Group D (n=15): Diabetic rats + Diacerein (50 mg/kg/day) orally daily. Animals were kept and treated as per the NIH Guideline for Use and Care of Laboratory Animals. Diabetes mellitus was induced via a single intraperitoneal injection of 50 milligram/kg alloxan monohydrated dissolved in aseptic 0.9% saline. After 72 hours, blood specimens were taken from the caudal vein of the rats and glucose level>200 mg/dL was taken as diabetes. Experimental rats were given diacerein approximately 30 and 50 mg orally for 6 weeks. At the completion of experiment the body weight was measured of each animal by electronic measuring balance and blood sample was taken from each animal of all groups to assess the blood glucose level and HbA1c level. Data were recorded via self-made proforma and analysis was done by using SPSS version 20. Results: Average body weight of Diabetic control (Group B) was 193.33±22.50 grams, which was lower in contrast to Diacerein treated group C 202.47±25.70 grams and significantly lower as compared to Diacerein treated group D as  212.6±23.43 grams. A significant increase in blood glucose levels 182.07±10.63 mg/dl was noted in the Diabetic control (Group B) compared to Diacerein treated group C (110.13± 8.54 mg/dl) and group D (85.87±8.41 mg/dl) (P=0.001). HbA1c was markedly raised in the Group B- diabetic controls, while diacerein treated diabetic rats (groups C and D) showed a significant decrease in HbA1c (P=0.001). Conclusion: It was concluded that Diacerein achieves the Euglycemic state by reducing the levels of blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in Alloxan-Induced diabetes mellitus in Wistar Albino Rats.

scholarly journals The effects of gallic acid and metformin on male reproductive dysfunction in diabetic mice induced by methylglyoxal: An experimental study

2021 ◽  
pp. 715-724
Author(s):  
Zeinab Behdarvand-Margha ◽  
Akram Ahangarpour ◽  
Mohammadreza Shahraki ◽  
Gholamreza Komeili ◽  
Layasadat Khorsandi
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Key Words Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Key Words Diabetes ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Histological Changes

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a disease that has reached a dangerous point. Today, nearly 500 million men and women around the world live with diabetes. Gallic acid (Gal) affects diabetes. Objective: To evaluate the effects of Gal and metformin (met) on the levels of glucose, insulin, testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), sperm count, antioxidant status, and histological changes in the testes of diabetic mice induced by methylglyoxal (MGO). Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 50 male adult NMRI mice, weighting 25-30 gr, aged 3-4 months were randomly divided into five equal groups (n = 10/each). (i) Control (vehicle, normal saline), (ii) MGO (600 mg/kg/d) orally for 28 days, (iii) Gal (50 mg/kg/d), (iv) MGO+Gal, and (v) MGO+met (200 mg/kg/d). Gal and met were administered orally for 21 consecutive days after the induction of diabetes. Blood samples were taken at 24 hr after the latest doses of treatment. Histological assessment of the testis was done, and the epididymis sperm count was obtained. Antioxidant indices, glucose, insulin, LH, FSH, and testosterone levels were measured. Results: In the MGO group compared to the control group, insulin, glucose (p = 0.001), LH (p = 0.04) and malondialdehyde (p = 0.001) were increased. However, the level of testosterone (p = 0.001), seminiferous tubule diameters, epithelial height, sperm count, superoxide dismutase activity (p = 0.02), and testis volume (p = 0.01) were decreased. The results indicated that Gal and met ameliorated the MGO effects. Conclusion: These findings suggested that the animals receiving MGO became diabetic. According to the results, Gal and met can effectively prevent MGO-induced diabetes. The effect of Gal was equivalent and sometimes better than metformin. Key words: Diabetes mellitus, Gallic acid, Male reproductive system, Metformin, Mice.

scholarly journals Maternal and neonatal outcomes in mothers with diabetes mellitus in qatari population

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad A. A. Bayoumi ◽  
Razan M. Masri ◽  
Nada Y. S. Matani ◽  
Mohamed A. Hendaus ◽  
Manal M. Masri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a major cause of maternal, fetal, and neonatal morbidities. Our objective was to estimate the effect of both pre-pregnancy and gestational DM on the growth parameters of newborns in the Qatari population. Methods In this population-based cohort study, we compared the data of neonates born to Qatari women with both pre-pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus in 2017 with neonates of healthy non-diabetic Qatari women. Results Out of a total of 17020 live births in 2017, 5195 newborns were born to Qatari women. Of these, 1260 were born to women with GDM, 152 were born to women with pre-pregnancy DM and 3783 neonates were born to healthy non-diabetic (control) women. The prevalence of GDM in the Qatari population in 2017 was 24.25%. HbA1C% before delivery was significantly higher in women with pre-pregnancy DM (mean 6.19 ± 1.15) compared to those with GDM (mean 5.28 ± 0.43) (P <0.0001). The mean birth weight in grams was 3066.01 ± 603.42 in the control group compared to 3156.73 ± 577.88 in infants born to women with GDM and 3048.78 ± 677.98 in infants born to women with pre-pregnancy DM (P <0.0001). There was no statistically significant difference regarding the mean length (P= 0.080), head circumference (P= 0.514), and rate of major congenital malformations (P= 0.211). Macrosomia (Birth weight > 4000 gm) was observed in 2.7% of the control group compared to 4.8% in infants born to women with GDM, and 4.6% in infants born to women with pre-pregnancy DM (P= 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that higher maternal age (adjusted OR 2.21, 95% CI 1.93, 2.52, P<0.0001), obesity before pregnancy (adjusted OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.30, 2.23, P<0.0001), type of delivery C-section (adjusted OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.09, 1.44, P=0.002), and body weight to gestational age LGA (adjusted OR 2.30, 95% CI 1.64, 2.34, P<0.0001) were significantly associated with increased risk of GDM. Conclusion Despite the multi-disciplinary antenatal diabetic care management, there is still an increased birth weight and an increased prevalence of macrosomia among the infants of diabetic mothers. More efforts should be addressed to improve the known modifiable factors such as women's adherence to the diabetic control program. Furthermore, pre-pregnancy BMI was found to be significantly associated with gestational DM, and this is a factor that can be addressed during pre-conceptional counseling.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Effect of Spirulina in Long Evans Rat

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Sabir Hossain ◽  
Akim Uddin Mohamad ◽  
Md. Shafiul Alam ◽  
Md. Aktar Hossain ◽  
Md. Shafiqur Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Antioxidant Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Key Words Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Key Words Diabetes ◽  
Super Oxide Dismutase ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Spinacea Oleracea

Spirulina, a naturally occurring micro algae, was suspended in water and administrated orally to streptozotocin induced diabetic and nondiabetic rats at a dose of 400 mg per kg body weight. The animal of the control group was administrated extract of Spinacea oleracea (locally known as Palong Shak). Thirty days after the oral administration all the rats were sacrificed for the determination of super oxide dismutase. Spirulina increased the level of oxidative stress responsive enzyme Super oxide dismutase (SOD) in erythrocyte by 17.5% (p<0.0005) in diabetic rats suggesting that the herb may have antioxidant properties. Key words: Diabetes Mellitus, Spirulina, Rat Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 6(1): 43-45, 2007 (June) The full text is of this article is available at the Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. website

scholarly journals Clinical Profile of Diabetes Mellitus in Children and Adolescents under Eighteen Years of Age

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fauzia Mohsin ◽  
Bedowra Zabeen ◽  
Rahelee Zinnat ◽  
Kishwar Azad ◽  
Nazmun Nahar
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Key Words Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Key Words Diabetes ◽  
Diabetes Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii

A total number of 125 patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) under eighteen years of age were admitted in the Paediartic department of BIRDEM hospital between January 2001 to October 2002. Eighty-eight patients (71%) were newly detected. Female to male ratio was 3:1. Out of the total admission 38 (30.4%) patients had type 1 DM (group 1), 37 (29.6%) patients had fibrocalculous pancreatic FCPD diabetes (group II), 48 (38.4%) patient had malnutrition modulated diabetes mellitus MMDM (group III) and 2 (1.6%) patients had type 2. Mean age of onset was 9±3.9 yrs in group I and 13±2.3 yrs in group II and group III. All groups had very high glucose and HbA1c value at presentation. The mean fasting glucose (mmol/l) was 19±7.14, 22.39±9 and 19.54±7.9 in group I, group II and group III respectively. The Mean HbA1c (%) value in the three groups was 14.4±2.7, 16.72±2.26 and 15.27±3.05 respectively. FCPD patients had poorest glycaemic status. Acute complications were more common in type 1 patients. Twelve (31.5%) patients had diabetic ketoatin DKA and two (5%) patients had hypoglycaemia in group I. Chronic complications were present in all three groups. MMDM patients had highest rate of complications. which was present in 2.6%, 21.6% and 33.3% patients in group I, group II and group III respectively. The rate of microalbuminuria was 5.3%. 10.8% and 18.8% in the three groups respectively. The rate of neuropathy was 2.6%, 16.2% and 20.8% in the three groups respectively. Among the associated problems skin infection, pulmonary tuberculosis and bilateral parotid swelling were common. Malnutrition was present in 66%, 86% and 100% in group I, group II and group III respectively. Majority (50% in group I, 91.6% in group II and 100% in group III) of our patients came from poor socio-economic background. Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2007; 1(1): 11-15       Key words: Diabetes mellitus doi: 10.3329/imcj.v1i1.2889

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