scholarly journals An Innovative Low Cost Bone Densitometer Based on Conventional X-Ray Facility

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-100
Author(s):  
Jubaid Abdul Qayyum ◽  
Md Masum Howlader ◽  
Md Tamzeed-Al-Alam ◽  
Md Saiful Islam ◽  
Tahmid Latif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Density ◽  
Bone Densitometry ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Medical Physics ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Bone Densitometer ◽  
The Third World ◽  
Processing Factors

Osteoporosis or bone loss affects many people, particularly the aged women, and leads to disabling bone fractures. An early diagnosis could provide preventive management. However, available bone densitometry equipment are very expensive and not available widely in the Third World. The present work presents the design & development of an innovative low cost bone densitometer based on conventional X-ray equipment available widely. The main innovation is the incorporation of a stack of aluminium with varying thickness placed beside the limb of a patient while taking an X-ray image. Then the optical density of the bone area in the developed film is compared to that from the aluminium stack, which eliminates variations due to all other processing factors, and gives a measure of the bone density. A low cost device has been developed to measure the optical density of the X-ray film over a circular area of about 1cm to give an average reading, which is more appropriate than spot metering in this application. Preliminary measurements of a few human subjects using this equipment clearly indicate the differences obtained due to expected osteoporosis. Calibration with standard bone densitometry equipment could provide values in standard units. This low cost innovative method and equipment appears to provide a low cost alternative to the diagnosis of osteoporosis. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmp.v4i1.14693 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Physics Vol.4 No.1 2011 95-100

scholarly journals Design and Development of a Low Cost Personal Computer Based ECG Monitor

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Siddique-e Rabbani ◽  
A Raihan Abir ◽  
AKM Bodiuzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Medical Physics ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Telemedicine System ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Safety Features ◽  
The Third World ◽  
The Cost

ECG equipment is vital for diagnosis of cardiac problems. However, such equipment come from the rich Western countries at a huge cost in both procurement and maintenance, and therefore cannot offer services to a large population in the Third World countries. The only solution is to design and develop such equipment in individual countries by developing local expertise. With three decades of experience, the Dhaka University group has taken a step towards developing prototypes of ECG equipment for dissemination to the healthcare service providers. This paper presents the detailed design of an PC based ECG equipment where optimized choice of components and of the design have been made keeping the cost and maintenance in view, but not sacrificing the quality, and incorporating necessary safety features to protect the patient from known hazards. Both the hardware and the software have been developed locally and are detailed in this paper. Outputs obtained from human subjects are shown which are of reasonable good quality, and have been verified using standard ECG equipment. The PC based ECG system will allow digital post processing of signals for improved diagnosis through software. Besides, this can also become part of a nationwide telemedicine system. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmp.v4i1.14701 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Physics Vol.4 No.1 2011 115-125

scholarly journals Design and Development of an EMG Driven Microcontroller Based Prosthetic Leg

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Rokibul Islam ◽  
ANM Mushfiqul Haque ◽  
SN Amin ◽  
KS Rabbani
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Third World ◽  
Medical Physics ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
The Third ◽  
Electronic Circuitry ◽  
Thigh Muscles ◽  
Initial Work ◽  
The Third World ◽  
Climbing Stairs

Over the past years prosthetic legs have become much improved although complex. However their costs are high and are not within the reach of most people in the Third World. Low-cost fixed prostheses are available in the Third world countries of Asia and Africa, but these offer very basic movement with unnatural gait; climbing stairs gets quite difficult. The prosthesis being worked upon in the present work are for amputees with legs removed above the knee, and would offer a limited rotational movement of the knee joint under voluntary control of the wearer, driven by the EMG signals extracted from thigh muscles. The aim is to make it at a low cost, may be at a cost slightly higher than the passive ones, but allowing a better gait in walking, and in climbing stairs. An initial work was done in this direction by our extended group earlier; the present work gives further improvements. This involves redesigning of the motor and the gear system and that of the electronic circuitry for processing the EMG signals extracted from thigh muscles, interfacing the output to the microcontroller, rotating the motor in two directions thereby accomplishing the movement of the knee joint. The motor, geared down, is mounted horizontally and a pulley system drives the artificial knee joint. When complete, this will benefit a large number of handicapped people in the Third World. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmp.v4i1.14695 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Physics Vol.4 No.1 2011 107-114

scholarly journals Low-Cost Microcomputer-Based Densitometer

1985 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 481-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. K. Richards ◽  
A. H. J. Lovick ◽  
J. D. Pickard
Keyword(s):  
Optical Density ◽  
Linear Response ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Analog To Digital Converter ◽  
Digital Converter ◽  
Machine Code ◽  
Analog To Digital ◽  
Video System ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Stable Linear

We have constructed low-cost equipment for the measurement of the optical density of x-ray films. This equipment is based on a video system connected via an analog to digital converter to an Apple microcomputer. The optical density of an x-ray film can thus be accessed by commands in BASIC or machine-code programs. By using a calibrated step-wedge film, we have found a stable linear response for optical densities of up to 0.8.

Bone density and bone health alteration in boys with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: a prospective observational study

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renu Suthar ◽  
B. V. Chaithanya Reddy ◽  
Manisha Malviya ◽  
Titiksha Sirari ◽  
Savita Verma Attri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Vertebral Compression Fractures ◽  
Serum Osteocalcin ◽  
Z Score ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Compression Fractures

Abstract Objectives Boys with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) are at increased risk for compromised bone health, manifesting as low-impact trauma long bone fractures and vertebral compression fractures. Methods In a prospective observational study, we studied bone health parameters in North Indian boys with DMD. We consecutively enrolled ambulatory boys with DMD on glucocorticoid therapy. Bone health was evaluated with X-ray spine, Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), serum calcium, vitamin D3 (25[OH]D), 1,25-dihyroxyvitamin D3 (1,25[OH]2D3), serum osteocalcin, osteopontin, and N terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (Ntx) levels. Results A total of 76 boys with DMD were enrolled. The median age was 8.5 (interquartile range [IQR] 7.04–10.77) years. Among these, seven (9.2%) boys had long bone fractures, and four (5.3%) had vertebral compression fractures. Fifty-four (71%) boys underwent DXA scan, and among these 31 (57%) had low bone mineral density (BMD, ≤−2 z-score) at the lumbar spine. The mean BMD z-score at the lumbar spine was −2.3 (95% confidence interval [CI] = −1.8, −2.8), and at the femoral neck was −2.5 (95% CI = −2, −2.9). 25(OH)D levels were deficient in 68 (89.5%, n=76) boys, and 1,25(OH)2D3 levels were deficient in all. Mean serum osteocalcin levels were 0.68 ± 0.38 ng/mL (n=54), serum osteopontin levels were 8.6 ± 4.6 pg/mL (n=54) and serum Ntx levels were 891 ± 476 nmol/L (n=54). Boys with low BMD received glucocorticoids for longer duration, in comparison to those with normal BMD (median, IQR [16.9 (6–34) months vs. 7.8 (4.8–13.4) months]; p=0.04). Conclusions Bone health is compromised in North Indian boys with DMD. BMD at the lumbar spine is reduced in more than half of boys with DMD and nearly all had vitamin D deficiency on regular vitamin D supplements. Longer duration of glucocorticoid therapy is a risk factor for low BMD in our cohort.

scholarly journals High-Spatial-Resolution Bone Densitometry with Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometric Region-free Analysis

Radiology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 275 (1) ◽  
pp. 310-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M. Morris ◽  
Lang Yang ◽  
Miguel A. Martín-Fernández ◽  
Jose M. Pozo ◽  
Alejandro F. Frangi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Bone Densitometry ◽  
High Spatial Resolution ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals POS0045 LEAST SIGNIFICANT CHANGE IN BONE DENSITOMETRY IN PATIENTS WITH OBESITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 227.2-228
Author(s):  
D. Claire ◽  
M. Geoffroy ◽  
L. Kanagaratnam ◽  
C. Isabelle ◽  
A. Hittinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
General Population ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Bone Densitometry ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Least Significant Change ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Significant Change

Background:Dual energy X-ray absoprtiometry is the reference method to mesure bone mineral density (1). Loss of bone mineral density is significant if it exceeds the least significant change. The threshold value used in general population is 0,03 g/cm2 (2). Patients with obesity are known for having a higher bone mineral density due to metabolism and physiopathology characteristics (3,4).Objectives:The aim of our study was to determine the least significant change in bone densitometry in patients with obesity.Methods:We conducted an interventionnal study in 120 patients with obesity who performed a bone densitometry. We measured twice the bone mineral density at the lumbar spine, the femoral neck and the total hip in the same time (5,6). We determined the least significant change in bone densitometry from each pair of measurements, using the Bland and Altman method. We also determined the least significant change in bone densitometry according to each stage of obesity.Results:The least significant change in bone densitometry in patients with obesity is 0,046g/cm2 at the lumbar spine, 0.069 g/cm2 at the femoral neck and 0.06 g/cm2 at the total hip.Conclusion:The least significant change in bone densitometry in patients with obesity is higher than in general population. These results may improve DXA interpretation in this specific population, and may personnalize their medical care.References:[1]Lees B, Stevenson JC. An evaluation of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and comparison with dual-photon absorptiometry. Osteoporos Int. mai 1992;2(3):146-52.[2]Briot K, Roux C, Thomas T, Blain H, Buchon D, Chapurlat R, et al. Actualisation 2018 des recommandations françaises du traitement de l’ostéoporose post-ménopausique. Rev Rhum. oct 2018;85(5):428-40.[3]Shapses SA, Pop LC, Wang Y. Obesity is a concern for bone health with aging. Nutr Res N Y N. mars 2017;39:1-13.[4]Savvidis C, Tournis S, Dede AD. Obesity and bone metabolism. Hormones. juin 2018;17(2):205-17.[5]Roux C, Garnero P, Thomas T, Sabatier J-P, Orcel P, Audran M, et al. Recommendations for monitoring antiresorptive therapies in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Jt Bone Spine Rev Rhum. janv 2005;72(1):26-31.[6]Ravaud P, Reny JL, Giraudeau B, Porcher R, Dougados M, Roux C. Individual smallest detectable difference in bone mineral density measurements. J Bone Miner Res. août 1999;14(8):1449-56.Disclosure of Interests:None declared.

scholarly journals Use of WetSEM® capsules for convenient multimodal scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, and micro Raman spectroscopy characterisation of technetium oxides

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Bailey ◽  
M. C. Stennett ◽  
J. Heo ◽  
N. C. Hyatt
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Powder Materials ◽  
Spectroscopy Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Micro Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Hazard And Risk ◽  
Sem Imaging ◽  
General User ◽  
532 Nm

AbstractSEM–EDX and Raman spectroscopy analysis of radioactive compounds is often restricted to dedicated instrumentation, within radiological working areas, to manage the hazard and risk of contamination. Here, we demonstrate application of WetSEM® capsules for containment of technetium powder materials, enabling routine multimodal characterisation with general user instrumentation, outside of a controlled radiological working area. The electron transparent membrane of WetSEM® capsules enables SEM imaging of submicron non-conducting technetium powders and acquisition of Tc Lα X-ray emission, using a low cost desktop SEM–EDX system, as well as acquisition of good quality μ-Raman spectra using a 532 nm laser.

scholarly journals Multidimensional Ln-Aminophthalate Photoluminescent Coordination Polymers

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1786
Author(s):  
Carla Queirós ◽  
Chen Sun ◽  
Ana M. G. Silva ◽  
Baltazar de Castro ◽  
Juan Cabanillas-Gonzalez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Coordination Polymers ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Microwave Assisted Synthesis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ft Ir Spectroscopy

The development of straightforward reproducible methods for the preparation of new photoluminescent coordination polymers (CPs) is an important goal in luminescence and chemical sensing fields. Isophthalic acid derivatives have been reported for a wide range of applications, and in addition to their relatively low cost, have encouraged its use in the preparation of novel lanthanide-based coordination polymers (LnCPs). Considering that the photoluminescent properties of these CPs are highly dependent on the existence of water molecules in the crystal structure, our research efforts are now focused on the preparation of CP with the lowest water content possible, while considering a green chemistry approach. One- and two-dimensional (1D and 2D) LnCPs were prepared from 5-aminoisophthalic acid and Sm3+/Tb3+ using hydrothermal and/or microwave-assisted synthesis. The unprecedented LnCPs were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCRXD), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and their photoluminescence (PL) properties were studied in the solid state, at room temperature, using the CPs as powders and encapsulated in poly(methyl methacrylate (PMMA) films, envisaging the potential preparation of devices for sensing. The materials revealed interesting PL properties that depend on the dimensionality, metal ion, co-ligand used and water content.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Exosome-Based Fluorescent Gold Nanoclusters for Cellular Imaging Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4433
Author(s):  
Eun Sung Lee ◽  
Byung Seok Cha ◽  
Seokjoon Kim ◽  
Ki Soo Park
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Stokes Shift ◽  
Gold Nanoclusters ◽  
Human Colon ◽  
Cellular Imaging ◽  
Metal Nanoclusters ◽  
Human Colon Cancer ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Concentrations

In recent years, fluorescent metal nanoclusters have been used to develop bioimaging and sensing technology. Notably, protein-templated fluorescent gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) are attracting interest due to their excellent fluorescence properties and biocompatibility. Herein, we used an exosome template to synthesize AuNCs in an eco-friendly manner that required neither harsh conditions nor toxic chemicals. Specifically, we used a neutral (pH 7) and alkaline (pH 11.5) pH to synthesize two different exosome-based AuNCs (exo-AuNCs) with independent blue and red emission. Using field-emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, we demonstrated that AuNCs were successfully formed in the exosomes. Red-emitting exo-AuNCs were found to have a larger Stokes shift and a stronger fluorescence intensity than the blue-emitting exo-AuNCs. Both exo-AuNCs were compatible with MCF-7 (human breast cancer), HeLa (human cervical cancer), and HT29 (human colon cancer) cells, although blue-emitting exo-AuNCs were cytotoxic at high concentrations (≥5 mg/mL). Red-emitting exo-AuNCs successfully stained the nucleus and were compatible with membrane-staining dyes. This is the first study to use exosomes to synthesize fluorescent nanomaterials for cellular imaging applications. As exosomes are naturally produced via secretion from almost all types of cell, the proposed method could serve as a strategy for low-cost production of versatile nanomaterials.

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