scholarly journals A review of the use of Streptozotocin (STZ) in the induction of diabetes in rats and subsequent ocular tissue changes

2009 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. L. Sithole
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Hypoglycemic Agents ◽  
Ocular Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Ocular Tissues ◽  
Thin Sections

Streptozotocin is widely used in medical research for treating certain cancers of the Islets of Langerhans and to produce an animal model for type 1 diabetes. A study has revealed that when compared to the control group of rats, those injected with STZ exhibited reduced plasma insulin and elevated blood glucose (p < 0.05 in all cases). The study also found that diabetic rats weighed significantly less than control animals (p < 0.05). In relation to ocular tissues, lacrimal glands from diabetic rats were also found to weigh significantly less  (p < 0.05) than those from the control group. However, no significant changes in the weights of lens, cornea, sclera and retina were observed between diabeticand control animals. Several other studies found that STZ-induced diabetes can be treated by plant extracts which control the blood sugar level as well as improving the lipid profile and ocular complications such as retinopathy. Experiments are usuallyperformed on male or female rats of a specific body weight, usually between 250 and 300 g. Diabetes is induced in rats by intraperitonial injections of streptozotocin (60 mg/ kg) in citrate buffer, pH 6.3.Animals that exhibit glucosuria after 24 hours, test-ed by urine test strips are considered diabetic. Plant extracts (6 mg/100g body weight) are orally administered into the stomach of STZ-diabetic rats every third day at a certain consistent time by means of bulbed steel needle for at least a four week period. This is done to determine the efficacy and potency of the plant extracts on diabetes. Histological and transmission electron microscope (TEM) techniques are used to study the changes in the ocular tissues. The dissected ocular tissues should be dehydrated in graded ethyl alcohol series and embedded in Araldite CY212. Ultra thin sections should be contrasted with uranyl acetate and lead citrate for examination by TEM. Streptozotocin induces diabetes in laboratory animal models for scientific studies and breakthroughs in medicine. The use of STZ and plant extracts may prove to be beneficial in the eye health care profession if considered for the studies of hypoglycemic agents that have the potency to prevent the advancement of diabetic retinopathy in diabetic patients.

scholarly journals Effect of Vitex Agnus-Castus Ethanolic Extract on Sex Hormones in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Soleymanzadeh ◽  
Minoo Mahmoodi ◽  
Siamak Shahidi
Keyword(s):  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Group ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Agnus Castus

Objective: Diabetes mellitus is recognized as one of the serious global health problems. There are evidences regarding the high prevalence of sexual dysfunction in diabetic patients. Experimental studies revealed a positive effect of Vitex agnus-castus (Vitex), on sexual function and behaviors. In this research, the effect of Vitex on sexual hormones in streptozotocin-(STZ) induced diabetic rats was investigated. Materials and methods: A Thirty adult female Wistar rats were divided into five groups. 1-control group (non-diabetic), 2- diabetic group (received normal saline) and three induced diabetic groups treated with different doses (400, 200 and 100 mg/kg) of Vitex. Treatment groups received Vitex fruit extract by gavage for 7 days. The levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), progesterone and estrogen in serum were measured. Results: Levels of LH, FSH, estrogen and progesterone and average body weight was lower in diabetic group compared to control group (p <0.010). Animals received high dose of Vitex fruit extract (400mg/kg) had significantly higher levels of serum LH, FSH, estrogen and progesterone compared to diabetic group (p < 0.010). In animals receiving minimum dose (100mg/kg) of Vitex, no difference was observed compared to diabetic group (p > 0.010). Conclusion: It can be concluded that Vitex fruit extract probably has regulatory effect on diabetes-induced change in the levels of sex hormones in female rats. Vitex fruit extract can improve serum levels of sex hormones in an animal model of STZ-induced diabetes.

scholarly journals The blood glucose lowering effect of Malaysian Tinospora crispa in rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-23
Author(s):  
SARAH FIRDAUSA ◽  
MAUNG MAUNG CHO ◽  
KHIN MAUNG MAUNG ◽  
NILAR AUNG ◽  
NORSIDAH KUZAIFAH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hypoglycemic Agents ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycemia ◽  
Reduce Blood Glucose ◽  
Maintain Body Weight

Diabetes is defined as a chronic hyperglycemia which should be countered by the effective, safe and readily available hypoglycemic agents. Herbal is among alternatives that has been used by society for years but lacks of documented evidences. Tinospora crispa (TC) is enriched by phytochemicals which potentially reduce blood glucose thus is useful for diabetic patients. This study aimed to investigate the potency of TC inreducing blood sugar and body weight. It involved 30 healthy rats divided into 5 groups namely: normal control, normal fed with TC extract, diabetic, TC-treated diabetic (dose 500 mg/kg w/w), and vitamin E-traeted diabetic rats (60 IU). The body weight and fasting blood glucose were measured each week for 1 month. The administration of TC extract 500 mg/kg (w/w) helps to maintain body weight in diabetic rats and reduce the fasting blood glucose. TC is highly potent as hypoglycemic agents therefore needed to be explored further.

scholarly journals PHYSIOLOGICAL AND HISTOPATHOLOGCAL STUDY FOR THE EFFECT OF BARLEY (HORDEUN VULGARE) FLOUR ON INDUCED DIABETIC

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Al-Hamdani & et al.
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
General Measure ◽  
Natural Form ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Barley Flour ◽  
Male And Female Rats

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of barley consumption on sugar reduction in diabetic patients in male and female rats. The mice were divided into six groups with 10 mice per group. The mice injected the substance with 200 mg / kg body weight to induce diabetes. The study included 60 mice of both sexes, injected with aloxane and a dose of 200 mg / kg body weight to induce diabetes. The first group was represented by the control group as its members took standard food from the experimental animal food. The second group, which represents the induced control group as its members took the general measure of food, but injected the substance of the aloxane for comparison. While the third and fourth groups were fed an equal mixture of wheat flour and barley in the form of dry paste for both females and males for mice, respectively. The fifth and sixth groups were fed barley flour only for both sexes. Measure both body weight and blood sugar at the beginning and end of the two weeks of the experiment, where it was fed daily with various food treatments mentioned previously. Different blood parameters were measured, The physiological and histological changes of liver, kidney and brain were also studied. The results showed that there was a significant decrease in the percentage of blood clocates in groups with diabetes, and showed groups treated with barley decreased cholesterol and triglyceride with the emergence of changes in the tissue in the liver and kidneys, while the brain appeared in its natural form. Barley has a protective effect against diabetes.

Antidiabetic Effects of Ethanolic Extract of Ficus glomerata (L.) Roots

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-41
Author(s):  
Mohini C. Upadhye ◽  
Uday Deokate ◽  
Rohini Pujari ◽  
Vishnu Thakare
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Ficus Glomerata

Background: Ficus glomerata (F. glomerata) Linn. Family Moraceace is a large tree found all over India including outer Himalayan ranges, Punjab, Chota Nagpur, Bihar, Orissa, West Bengal, Rajasthan, Deccan and also as a common plant in South India. It is planted around the home and temples. It is cultivated throughout the year, distributed in evergreen forests and moist localities. Objective: The Ethanolic Extract of roots of F. Glomerata (EEFG) belonging to the family Moraceace, was investigated for its antidiabetic activity using alloxan induced diabetic rats. Methods: Thirty rats were divided into 5 groups having 6 rats in each group. The alloxan was administered to the rats of all groups except normal control group through intraperitoneal route at a concentration of 140mg/kg body weight. A dose of 100mg/kg and 200 mg/kg body weight of EEFG was administered to alloxan induced diabetic rats. The administration of the extract was lasted for 11 days. Effectiveness of the extract on glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, and high density lipoprotein and protein concentrations was analyzed. Results: Significant (p<0.05) reduction in the levels of glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride of the diabetic rats was observed after treatment with ethanolic extract. After subjecting to oral glucose tolerance test EEFG also showed significant improvement in glucose tolerance. Conclusion: F. glomerata root ethanolic extract showed that it possesses antidiabetic effect and can be found useful for the management of diabetes mellitus.

Hepato-renal protective effects of gallic acid and p-coumaric acid in nicotinamide/streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (06) ◽  
pp. 4641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adel Abdel Moneim* ◽  
Sanaa M. Abd El-Twab ◽  
Mohamed B. Ashour ◽  
Ahmed I. Yousef
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Protein Profile ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Hypoglycemic Agents ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Experimental Type

The goal of diabetes treatment is primarily to save life and alleviate symptoms and secondary to prevent long-term diabetic complications resulting from hyperglycemia. Thus, our present investigation was designed to evaluate the hepato-renal protective effects of gallic acid and p-coumaric acid in nicotinamide/streptozotocin (NA/STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Experimental type 2 diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of STZ (65 mg/kg b.wt.), after 15 min of i.p. injection of NA (120 mg/kg b.wt.). Gallic acid and p-coumaric acid were orally administered to diabetic rats at a dose of 20, 40 mg/kg b.wt./day, respectively, for 6 weeks. Body weight, serum glucose, protein profile, liver function enzymes and kidney function indicators was assayed. Treatment with either gallic acid or p-coumaric acid significantly ameliorated the elevated levels of glucose, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), urea and uric acid. Both compounds were also found to restore total protein, albumin, and globulin as well as body weight of diabetic rats to near normal values. It can conclude that both gallic acid and p-coumaric acid have potent hypoglycemic and hepato-renal protective effects in diabetic rats. Therefore, our results suggest promising hypoglycemic agents that can attenuate the progression of diabetic hepatopathy and nephropathy.

scholarly journals Transcutaneous CO2 application accelerates fracture repair in streptozotocin-induced type I diabetic rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e001129
Author(s):  
Takahiro Oda ◽  
Takahiro Niikura ◽  
Tomoaki Fukui ◽  
Keisuke Oe ◽  
Yu Kuroiwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endochondral Ossification ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Femoral Shaft ◽  
Shaft Fracture ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Fracture Repair ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Type I ◽  
Biomechanical Assessment

IntroductionDiabetes mellitus (DM) negatively affects fracture repair by inhibiting endochondral ossification, chondrogenesis, callus formation, and angiogenesis. We previously reported that transcutaneous CO2 application accelerates fracture repair by promoting endochondral ossification and angiogenesis. The present study aimed to determine whether CO2 treatment would promote fracture repair in cases with type I DM.Research design and methodsA closed femoral shaft fracture was induced in female rats with streptozotocin-induced type I DM. CO2 treatment was performed five times a week for the CO2 group. Sham treatment, where CO2 was replaced with air, was performed for the control group. Radiographic, histologic, genetic, and biomechanical measurements were taken at several time points.ResultsRadiographic assessment demonstrated that fracture repair was induced in the CO2 group. Histologically, accelerated endochondral ossification and capillary formation were observed in the CO2 group. Immunohistochemical assessment indicated that early postfracture proliferation of chondrocytes in callus was enhanced in the CO2 group. Genetic assessment results suggested that cartilage and bone formation, angiogenesis, and vasodilation were upregulated in the CO2 group. Biomechanical assessment revealed enhanced mechanical strength in the CO2 group.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that CO2 treatment accelerates fracture repair in type I DM rats. CO2 treatment could be an effective strategy for delayed fracture repair due to DM.

Effects of the lipase inhibitor orlistat on intake and preference for dietary fat in rats

1996 ◽  
Vol 271 (1) ◽  
pp. R48-R54 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Ackroff ◽  
A. Sclafani
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Fat Absorption ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Dietary Fat Intake

Orlistat (Ols), a potent inhibitor of pancreatic lipase, was added to the fat source (1 or 4 mg Ols/g fat) of a macronutrient self-selection diet fed to adult female rats. The rats responded to the drug-induced reduction in fat absorption by decreasing their dietary fat intake and increasing their protein and carbohydrate intake in a dose-related manner. Total caloric intake also increased, but body weight gain was inhibited compared with the nondrug control group. When Ols was removed from the diet, nutrient selection, caloric intake, and body weight returned to control levels. In additional short-term experiments (30 min/day), rats developed a preference for a plain fat diet over an Ols-fat diet (4 mg/g fat) and also for a cue flavor paired with plain fat over a flavor paired with Ols-fat. Yet, when not given the choice, the rats consumed nearly as much Ols-fat as plain fat diet. These results indicate that, by reducing fat absorption, Ols reduced the attractiveness of dietary fat, although it did not make the fat diet aversive. In clinical use, lipase inhibitors may be effective in reducing dietary fat intake by reducing both the consumption and absorption of fat.

scholarly journals Regression of gestational diabetes induced cardiomegaly in offspring of diabetic rat

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 251-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Honório Sampaio Menezes ◽  
Cláudio Galeano Zettler ◽  
Alice Calone ◽  
Jackson Borges Corrêa ◽  
Carla Bartuscheck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Levene Test

PURPOSE: To compare body weight and length, heart weight and length, heart-to-body weight ratio, glycemia, and morphometric cellular data of offspring of diabetic rats (ODR) and of normal rats (control). METHODS: Diabetes was induced in 3 pregnant Wistar rats, bearing 30 rats, on the 11th day after conception by intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/kg of streptozotocin. Six normal pregnant Wistar rats, bearing 50 rats, made up the control group. Morphometric data were obtained using a scale for the weight, length, heart and body measurements. Morphometric cellular data were obtained by a computer assisted method applied to the measurements of myocytes. Statistical analysis utilized Student's t-test, ANOVA and Levene test. RESULTS: Control offspring had greater mean body weight and length than offspring of diabetic rats (p < 0.001). Heart weight and length and heart-to-body ratios of newborn rats differed between groups at birth (p < 0.001), but showed no difference at 21 days. Mean nuclei area and perimetric value of the myocytes decrees throughout the first 21 days of life (p < 0.01) in the diabetic group. CONCLUSIONS: Heart hypertrophy on the offspring of diabetic rats at birth was demonstrated by the significant difference between the groups. After the eleventh day, no difference was found, which confirmed regression of cardiomegaly. The significant difference between the first and the 21th day of life, for nuclei area feature, demonstrate regression of cardiac hypertrophy in the offspring of diabetic rats.

scholarly journals Diuretic activity of the bark of Eysenhardtia polystachya

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saudy Saret Pablo-Pérez ◽  
María Mirian Estévez-Carmona ◽  
María Estela Meléndez-Camargo
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Electrolyte Balance ◽  
Urinary Flow ◽  
Diuretic Activity ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
Different Doses

<p class="Abstract">The aim of this study was to evaluate the diuretic activity of <em>Eysenhardtia polystachya</em> bark aqueous extract at different doses in a rat model. Different doses of <em>E. polystachya</em> (125, 250, 500 and 750 mg/kg body weight), furosemide (4 mg/kg) and vehicle were administered per os to female rats (n=6 animals per group). After 6 hours in metabolic cages, the effect on urinary flow, glomerular filtration rate and electrolyte balance of sodium and potassium were assessed in all animals. <em>E. polystachya</em> at the doses of 500 and 750 mg/kg induced diuretic activity, since markedly increased (p&lt;0.05) the urinary flow rate, similar to that of furosemide treated group. Only the dose of 750 mg/kg produced an increment in urinary excretion of sodium but not of potassium compared with control group. These findings indicate that<em> E. polystachya</em> bark-induced diuretic activity, providing evidence for its folkloric use.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Inhibition ofα-Glucosidase by Thiosulfinate as a Target for Glucose Modulation in Diabetic Rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulrahman L. Al-Malki
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzyme ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Postprandial Hyperglycemia ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Predisposing Factor

Postprandial hyperglycemia is a predisposing factor for vascular dysfunction and organ damage.α-glucosidase is a hydrolytic enzyme that increases the glucose absorption rate and subsequently elevates blood glucose levels. Garlic (Allium sativumL.) is a rich source of several phytonutrients, including thiosulfinate (THIO). The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of THIO, a potent inhibitor of intestinalα-glucosidase, to reduce postprandial blood glucose. Male albino rats were randomly assigned to five different groups (n=10/group). Group 1 served as the control group. Groups 2–5 were injected intraperitoneally with a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ) to induce diabetes. Group 2 comprised untreated diabetic rats. Groups 3 and 4 contained diabetic rats that were given THIO orally (20 mg/kg body weight/day and 40 mg/kg body weight/day, resp.). Group 5 was the positive control having diabetic rats treated orally with acarbose (10 mg/kg body weight/day; positive control). Diabetic rats treated with THIO displayed a significant blood glucose reduction (p<0.001and < 0.01 by analysis of variance, resp.) and a significant elevation in insulin compared with that of untreated rats. THIO is an effective noncompetitive intestinalα-glucosidase inhibitor that promotes hypoglycemic action (p<0.001) in STZ-injected rats. THIO is a promising agent for the management of postprandial hyperglycemia.

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